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超深断控碳酸盐岩油藏空间结构表征技术与工程实践

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中国工程科学 2024年第2期26卷 255-268页

作者：韩剑发孙冲朱光有张银涛李国会侯佳凯李浩丁志文中国石油塔里木油田公司新疆库尔勒841000 中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心新疆库尔勒841000 新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心新疆库尔勒841000 长江大学地球科学学院武汉430100 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院北京100083

在积极推进深地工程的背景下,超深断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩成为油气勘探开发的重点领域,而超深走滑断裂精准解译、缝洞体内部构型建模、断控油气藏储量雕刻评估、高效井位部署及提高采收率等是制约超深领域“增储上产”的重要科学问题与技术... 详细信息

在积极推进深地工程的背景下,超深断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩成为油气勘探开发的重点领域,而超深走滑断裂精准解译、缝洞体内部构型建模、断控油气藏储量雕刻评估、高效井位部署及提高采收率等是制约超深领域“增储上产”的重要科学问题与技术挑战。本文基于区域应力场研究、露头剖析、三维地震解译、物模数模,全面构建了涵盖动力学、运动学、几何学,分期、分级、分性质、分带、分层的“三学五分”断裂构造解析技术,据此阐明了走滑断裂纵向分层、横向差异分段特征,揭示了走滑断裂控储、控藏、控油气富集等地质规律,发现了超深断控缝洞型10亿吨级大油田。依据动/静态资料,精细刻画了断控缝洞体内部构型,通过“井震”结合实现了断控缝洞型油气藏量化表征,形成了相应的高效井位部署、油气储量雕刻评估等技术系列,支撑了富满油田10亿吨级油气储量的发现与落实。依据断控油气藏的定量刻画结果,针对性提出了提高采收率技术对策,推动了富满5×106t大油田的高效建设,形成了超深断控碳酸盐岩“增储上产”范例,可为我国类似油气藏的开发“上产”提供借鉴。

关键词：超深领域缝洞体内部构型断控油气藏刻画高效井位部署增储上产塔里木盆地

Origin and growth mechanisms of strike-slip faults in the central Tarim cratonic basin, NW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2021年第3期48卷 595-607页

作者： WU Guanghui MA Bingshan han jianfa GUAN Baozhu CHEN Xin YANG Peng XIE Zhou School of Geoscience and Technology Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China PetroChina Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaKorla 841000China State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Northwest UniversityXi'an 710069China

Through fault structure analysis and chronology study, we discuss the origin and growth mechanisms of strike-slip faults in the Tarim Basin.(1) Multiple stages strike-slip faults with inherited growth were developed in the central Tarim cratonic basin. The faults initiation time is constrained at the end of Middle Ordovician of about 460 Ma according to U-Pb dating of the fault cements and seismic interpretation.(2) The formation of the strike-slip faults was controlled by the near N-S direction stress field caused by far-field compression of the closing of the Proto-Tethys Ocean.(3) The faults localization and characteristics were influenced by the pre-existing structures of the NE trending weakening zones in the basement and lithofacies change from south to north.(4) Following the fault initiation under the Andersonian mechanism, the strike-slip fault growth was dominantly fault linkage, associated with fault tip propagation and interaction of non-Andersonian mechanisms.(5) Sequential slip accommodated deformation in the conjugate strike-slip fault interaction zones, strong localization of the main displacement and deformation occurred in the overlap zones in the northern Tarim, while the fault tips, particularly of narrow-deep grabens, and strike-slip segments in thrust zones accumulated more deformation and strain in the Central uplift. In conclusion, non-Andersonian mechanisms, dominantly fault linkage and interaction, resulted in the small displacement but long intraplate strike-slip fault development in the central Tarim Basin. The regional and localized field stress, and pre-existing structures and lithofacies difference had strong impacts on the diversity of the strike-slip faults in the Tarim cratonic basin.

关键词： strike-slip fault fault dating fault growth mechanism non-Andersonian faulting stress field pre-existing structure Tarim Basin

Accumulation process and model for the Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area,the Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A1期52卷 224-235页

作者： ZHAO MengJun PAN WenQing han jianfa LIU ShaoBo QIN ShengFei ZhanG BaoMin Central Laboratory of Petroleum Geology Research of RIPED PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development of Tarim Oilfield PetroChina Korla 841000 China

The Ordovician buried hill reservoir in the western Lunnan area, a type of dissolved fracture and cavernous reservoir, is mainly composed of heavy oil. The oil is the mixture sourcing from the Middle-Lower Cambrian and Middle-Lower Ordovician, with three stages of pool forming process: (1) the destruction and parallel migration/accumulation during the late Caledonian to early Hercynian; (2) the oil and gas accumulation during the late Hercynian characterized by adjustment upward along faults and parallel migration/accumulation; (3) the formation of heavy oil during the latest Hercynian. The Ordovician buried hill reservoir is affected by the diffusion of light oil and gas but had no hydrocarbon charging during the late Yanshan period to Himalayan period, but in this period, formed the association of heavy oil and dissolved gas cracked from crude oil with dry coefficient of 0.91-0.96. The study on accumulation process of the Ordovician buried hill reservoir has important implications for the exploration potential of early oil and gas accumulation in the cratonic area of the Tarim Basin.

关键词：原油沥青储备奥陶纪充填周期

Control of hydrocarbon accumulation by Lower Paleozoic cap rocks in the Tazhong Low Rise, Central Uplift, Tarim Basin, West China

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Petroleum Science 2014年第1期11卷 67-80页

作者： Zhang Yanping Lü Xiuxiang Yang Haijun han jianfa Lan Xiaodong Zhao Yue Zhang Jinhui College of Geosciences China University of Petroleum State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina CNOOC Tianjin Branch Company

Despite the absence of regional cap rocks in the Lower Paleozoic for the entire Tazhong Low Rise,several sets of effective local cap rocks are well preserved on the Northern *** these the best is the Ordovician mudstone of the Sangtamu Formation; the second is the Silurian Red Mudstone Member of the Tatairtag Formation and the marl of the Ordovician Lianglitag Formation; and the third is the gray mudstone of the Silurian Kepingtag *** dense limestone of the Ordovician Yingshan Formation and the gypsum of the Middle Cambrian have shown initial sealing *** effective cap rocks are closely related to the distribution of Lower Palaeozoic hydrocarbons in the Tazhong Low *** well-preserved Sangtamu Formation mudstone and its location close to migration pathways,rich Lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon accumulation can be found on the Northem ***,most of the reserves are distributed below the Sangtamu Formation mudstone; areally,hydrocarbons are mainly found in the areas with well-developed Sangtamu Formation mudstone and Lianglitag Formation *** history and hydrocarbon charging history show that the evolution of Lower Palaeozoic cap rocks controlled the accumulation of hydrocarbon in the Tazhong Low *** the Red Mudstone Member of the Tatairtag Formation and Sangtamu Formation mudstone for examples：1） In the hydrocarbon charging time of the Late Caledonian-Early Hercynian,with top surfaces at burial depths of over 1,100 m,the cap rocks were able to seal oil and gas; 2） During the intense uplifting of the Devonian,the cap rocks with top surfaces at burial depths of 200-800 m and 500-1,100 m respectively were denuded in local areas,thus hydrocarbons trapped in earlier time were degraded to widespread bitumen; 3） In the hydrocarbon charging time of the Late Hercynian and Himalayan,the top surfaces of the cap rocks were at burial depths of over 2,000 m without intense uplifting and denudation thereafter,so trapped hydrocarbons

关键词： Cap rock hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon destruction Lower Paleozoic Tazhong Low Rise

Large-scale Tazhong Ordovician Reef-flat Oil-Gas Field in the Tarim Basin of China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2009年第1期83卷 179-188页

作者： ZHOU Xinyuan WANG Zhaoming YANG Haijun ZhanG Lijuan han jianfa WANG Zhenyu Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China South West Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan 610500 China

The Tazhong reef-fiat oil-gas field is the first large-scale Ordovician organic reef type oil-gas field found in China. Its organic reefs were developed in the early Late Ordovician Lianglitag Formation, and are the first large reefs of the coral-stromatoporoid hermatypic community found in China. The organic reefs and platform-margin grain banks constitute a reef-flat complex, mainly consisting of biolithites and grainstones. The biolithites can be classified into the framestone, baffiestone, bindstone etc. The main body of the complex lies around the wells from Tazhong-24 to Tazhong-82, trending northwest, with the thickness from 100 to 300 m, length about 220 km and width 5-10 km. It is a reef-flat lithologic hydrocarbon reservoir, with a very complex hydrocarbon distribution： being a gas condensate reservoir as a whole with local oil reservoirs. The hydrocarbon distribution is controlled by the reef complex, generally located in the upper 100-200 m part of the complex, and largely in a banded shape along the complex. On the profile, the reservoir shows a stratified feature, with an altitude difference of almost 2200 m from southeast to northwest. The petroleum accumulation is controlled by karst reservoir beds and the northeast strike-slip fault belt. The total geologic reserves had reached 297.667 Mt by 2007.

关键词： Lianglitag Formation Ordovician organic reef oil-gas field reef-fiat complex Tarim

Differences of Hydrocarbon Enrichment between the Upper and the Lower Structural Layers in the Tazhong Paleouplift

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1116-1127页

作者： JIANG Zhenxue YANG Haijun LI Zhuo PANG Xiongqi han jianfa LI Dongxu HUANG Yuyan State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Tarim Oilfield Company CNPC Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tazhong paleouplift is divided into the upper and the lower structural layers, bounded by the unconformity surface at the top of the Ordovician carbonate rock. The reservoirs in the two layers from different parts vary in number, type and reserves, but the mechanism was rarely researched before. Therefore, an explanation of the mechanism will promote petroleum exploration in Tazhong paleouplift. After studying the evolution and reservoir distribution of the Tazhong paleouplift, it is concluded that the evolution in late Caledonian, late Hercynian and Himalayan periods resulted in the upper and the lower structural layers. It is also defined that in the upper structural layer, structural and stratigraphic overlap reservoirs are developed at the top and the upper part of the paleouplift, which are dominated by oil reservoirs, while for the lower structural layer, lithological reservoirs are developed in the lower part of the paleouplift, which are dominated by gas reservoirs, and more reserves are discovered in the lower structural layer than the upper. Through a comparative analysis of accumulation conditions of the upper and the lower structural layers, the mechanism of enrichment differences is clearly explained. The reservoir and seal conditions of the lower structural layer are better than those of the upper layer, which is the reason why more reservoirs have been found in the former. The differences in the carrier system types, trap types and charging periods between the upper and the lower structural layers lead to differences in the reservoir types and distribution. An accumulation model is established for the Tazhong paleouplift. For the upper structural layer, the structural reservoirs and the stratigraphic overlap reservoirs are formed at the upper part of the paleouplift, while for the lower structural layer, the weathering crust reservoirs are formed at the top, the reef-flat reservoirs are formed on the lateral margin, the karst and inside reservoirs

关键词： the upper and the lower structural layers enrichment difference accumulation model,Tazhong paleouplift

Introduction to the special section:Recent advancement on integrated carbonate reservoirs prediction with complex secondary storage space

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Petroleum Science 2011年第4期8卷 392-393页

作者： Yuanyin Zhang Sam Zandong Sun Haijun Yang Haiyang Wang jianfa han et al. 石油科学编辑部

Carbonate reservoirs in Western China show tremendous exploration and development *** have become the key area for oil and gas reserves addition and sustainable resource development for *** to conventional carbonate reservoirs,prediction of this kind of reservoir predominated by secondary storage is much more difficultand presents significant challenges.

关键词： rock Introduction to the special section SEG VSP

Relationship between the later strong gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第17期54卷 3076-3089页

作者： ZHAO WenZhi ZHU GuangYou ZhanG ShuiChang ZHAO XueFeng SUN YuShan WANG HongJun YANG HaiJun han jianfa Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla 841000 China

Some large-scale oil-gas fields have recently been discovered in marine carbonate in China, especially the significant discoveries in deep reservoir that reveals a favorable exploration prospect. Tazhong area is the first-order tectonic unit in Tarim Basin, where there are nearly trillion cubic meters of natural gas resources in the Ordovician limestone reef flat complex in Lianglitage Formation. The reservoir is shelf edge reef flat complex, characterized by ultra-low porosity, low permeability and strong heterogeneous, with a current burial depth of 4500―6500 m. Studies find that the formation and distribution of deep reservoir of the Lianglitage Formation were controlled not only by the early high-energy sedimentary facies and corrosion, but the fracture network formed by the strong gas-charging process since the Himalayan epoch, which played an important role in optimizing and improving reservoir properties. This paper discusses the relationship between the strong later gas-charging and the improvement of the reservoir capacity in deep Ordovician carbonate reservoir, and also builts the corresponding mechanisms and modes, which is favorable for the prediction and evaluation of the advantageous exploration targets.

关键词：碳酸盐岩储层塔里木盆地塔中地区煤气收费奥陶系天然气资源能力勘探前景

Ordovician Carbonate Reservoir Bed Characteristics and Reservoir-Forming Conditions in the Lungudong Region of the Tarim Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第5期84卷 1170-1179页

作者： GU Qiaoyuan PANG Xiongqi LIU Luofu YANG Haijun WANG Ying JIANG Zhenxue XIANG Caifu han jianfa State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Changping Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum （Beijing） Changping Beijing 102249 China PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company Kuala Xinjiang 841000 China

Basic characteristics of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the Lungudong region of northeastern part of the Tarim Basin are described in detail and the reservoir-forming conditions of oil and gas are preliminarily discussed in this paper by collecting and sorting out a large amount of data. The carbonate reservoir beds are mainly developed in open-platform and platform marginal facies; the reservoir beds have large changes in and low average values of physical property; the main type is fractured reservoir beds with the fracture-porous type second. The reservoir bed development is chiefly controlled by the distribution of sedimentary facies, tectonic activity and karstification. Whereas the accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbons in the region are controlled by an advantageous structural location, a good reservoir-caprock combination and a favorable transporting system, with the distribution characterized by zones horizontally and belts vertically, the oil and gas are mainly concentrated in areas with structural uplift, densely developed fractures, and surface karst, a vertical vadose zone, and a horizontal undercurrent belt of palaeokarst.

关键词： Ordovician carbonates oil and gas reservoir facies Lungudong Tarim Basin Xinjiangprovince