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Biplot Analysis of Genotype by Environment for Cooking Quality in hybrid Rice: A Tool for Line × Tester Data

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Rice science 2014年第5期21卷 282-287页

作者： Mohammad h. FOTOKIAN Kayvan AGAhI College of Agriculture Shahed UniversityTehran 331911 8651 Iran

A study of combining ability for improving rice cooking quality was carried out via genotype plus genotype x environment （GGE） biplot. Four restorer lines and three male sterile lines were used to obtain F1 in a line x tester trial at the Rice Research Institute, Amol, Iran in 2009. GGE biplot analysis showed that Neda and IR56 were the best general combiners for amylose content （AC）, whereas Nemat and IR28 had the highest general combining ability （GCA） effects for gelatinization temperature （GT）, and IR58 and IR59 showed the highest GCA effects in terms of gel consistency （GC）. Meanwhile IR58 and IR59 showed large specific combining ability （SCA） effects for AC, while Neda and SA13 had high SCA effects for GT. Nemat and IR28 had large SCA effects for GC. Because intermediate levels ofAC, GT and GC are ideal, Nemat × IR59 was considered as the best possible cross. Based on these results, the GGE biplot showed good potential for identifying suitable parents, heterotic crosses and the best hybrids in line x tester data.

关键词： line x tester trial general combining ability specific combining ability hybrid rice genotype plus genotype x environment biplot

A Numerical Methodology for Enforcing Maximum Principles and the Non-Negative Constraint for Transient Diffusion Equations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第1期19卷 53-93页

作者： K.B.Nakshatrala h.Nagarajan M.Shabouei Department of Civil&Environmental Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTexas 77204-4003USA Department of Mechanial Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA.

Transient diffusion equations arise in many branches of engineering and applied sciences(e.g.,heat transfer and mass transfer),and are parabolic partial differential *** is well-known that these equations satisfy important mathematical properties like maximum principles and the non-negative constraint,which have implications in mathematical ***,existing numerical formulations for these types of equations do not,in general,satisfy maximum principles and the nonnegative *** this paper,we present a methodology for enforcing maximum principles and the non-negative constraint for transient anisotropic diffusion *** proposed methodology is based on the method of horizontal lines in which the time is discretized *** results in solving steady anisotropic diffusion equation with decay equation at every discrete *** also present other plausible temporal discretizations,and illustrate their shortcomings in meeting maximum principles and the non-negative *** proposedmethodology can handle general computational grids with no additional restrictions on the *** illustrate the performance and accuracy of the proposed methodology using representative numerical *** also perform a numerical convergence analysis of the proposed *** comparison,we also present the results from the standard singlefield semi-discrete formulation and the results froma popular software package,which all will violate maximum principles and the non-negative constraint.

关键词： Numerical heat and mass transfer maximum principles non-negative solutions anisotropic diffusion method of horizontal lines convex quadratic programming parabolic PDEs

Importance of fatigue and its measurement in chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第28期25卷 3669-3683页

作者： Lynn h Gerber Ali A Weinstein Rohini Mehta Zobair M Younossi Department of Medicine Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States Center for the Study of Chronic Illness and Disability George Mason University Fairfax VA 22030 United States Beatty Center for Liver and Obesity Research Inova Health System Falls Church VA 22042 United States

The mechanisms of fatigue in the group of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are protean. The liver is central in the pathogenesis of fatigue because it uniquely regulates much of the storage, release and production of substrate for energy generation. It is exquisitely sensitive to the feedback controlling the uptake and release of these energy generation substrates. Metabolic contributors to fatigue, beginning with the uptake of substrate from the gut, the passage through the portal system to hepatic storage and release of energy to target organs (muscle and brain) are central to understanding fatigue in patients with chronic liver disease. Inflammation either causing or resulting from chronic liver disease contributes to fatigue, although inflammation has not been demonstrated to be causal. It is this unique combination of factors, the nexus of metabolic abnormality and the inflammatory burden of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis that creates pathways to different types of fatigue. Many use the terms central and peripheral fatigue. Central fatigue is characterized by a lack of self-motivation and can manifest both in physical and mental activities. Peripheral fatigue is classically manifested by neuromuscular dysfunction and muscle weakness. Therefore, the distinction is often seen as a difference between intention (central fatigue) versus ability (peripheral fatigue). New approaches to measuring fatigue include the use of objective measures as well as patient reported outcomes. These measures have improved the precision with which we are able to describe fatigue. The measures of fatigue severity and its impact on usual daily routines in this population have also been improved, and they are more generally accepted as reliable and sensitive. Several approaches to evaluating fatigue and developing endpoints for treatment have relied of biosignatures associated with fatigue. These have bee

关键词： Fatigue Chronic liver disease Non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Measurement Patient-reported outcomes

homogentisic acid γ-lactone suppresses the virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by quenching its quorum sensing signal molecules

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2018年第2期29卷 313-316页

作者： Shuihong Li Polly h.M. Leung Xinya Xu Chunhui Wu Department of health Technology and Informatics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study University of South China Hengyang 421001 China Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510201 Chino Center for Informational Biology University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China

Bacterial quorum sensing（QS） molecules are involved in the coordination of certain behaviors such as biofilm formation, virulence and antibiotic resistance. QS molecules（autoinducers） and their corresponding receptors have been recognized as important therapeutic targets for drug-resistant infections and biofilm-associated infections（BAI）. This study assessed the multiple biological effects of homogentisic acid y-lactone（hgAL）, a furanone derivative. The anti-QS and anti-biofilm effects of hgAL against PAO1 strain were evaluated using CLSM, SEM, hPLC and other biochemical methods The results showed that hgAL could effectively inhibit the production of pyocyanin and extracellular matrix, as well as reduce the adherence ability and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhibition of virulence is attributed to the suppressive effect of hgAL on biosynthesis of 3-oxo-C12-hSLand C4-hSL（two kinds of QS signaling molecules in P. aeruginosa）. Our results support hgAL as a potential agent for prevention of BAI in the healthcare settings.

关键词： homogentisicacid γ-lactone Quorum sensing Biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pyocyanin

Promotional Effect of Bismuth as Dopant in Bi-Doped Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalysts for Selective Oxidation of n-Butane to Maleic Anhydride

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2006年第4期15卷 297-302页

作者： Y.h.Taufiq-Yap Y.Kamiya K.P.Tan Department of Chemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0810Japan

Bismuth-promoted （1% and 3%） vanadyl pyrophosphate catalysts were prepared by refluxing Bi（NO3）4.5h2O and VOPO4.2h2O in isobutanol. The incorporation of Bi into the catalysts lattice increased the surface area and lowered the overall V oxidation state. Profiles of temperature programmed reduction （TPR） in h2 show a significant shift of the maxima of major reduction peaks to lower temperatures for the Bi-promoted catalysts. A new peak was also observed at the low temperature region for the catalyst with 3% of Bi dopant. The addition of Bi also increased the total amount of oxygen removed from the catalysts. The reduction pattern and reactivity information provide fundamental insight into the catalytic properties of the catalysts. Bi-promoted catalysts were found to be highly active （71% and 81% conversion for 1% and 3% Bi promoted catalysts, respectively, at 703 K）, as compared to the unpromoted material （47% conversion）. The higher activity of the Bi-promoted catalysts is due to that these catalysts possess highly active and labile lattice oxygen. The better catalytic performance can also be attributed to the larger surface area.

关键词： bismuth promoter vanadyl pyrophosphate n-butane oxidation

Dual Solutions of MhD Boundary Layer Flow of a Micropolar Fluid with Weak Concentration over a Stretching/Shrinking Sheet

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2017年第4期67卷 449-457页

作者： Z.h.Khan M.Qasim Naeema Ishfaq W.A.Khan Department of Mathematics University of MalakandChakdaraDir(Lower)Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyPark RoadChak ShahzadIslamabadPakistan School of Mathematical Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of Engineering Majmaah UniversityMajmaah 11952Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

We investigate the dual solutions for the MhD flow of micropolar fluid over a stretching/shrinking sheet with heat transfer. Suitable relations transform the partial differential equations into the ordinary differential *** forms solutions are also obtained in terms of confluent hypergeometric function. This is the first attempt to determine the exact solutions for the non-linear equations of MhD micropolar fluid model. It is demonstrated that the microrotation parameter helps in increasing Nusselt number and the dual solutions exist for all fluid flow parameters under consideration. The dual behavior of dimensionless velocity, temperature, microrotation, skin-friction coefficient,local Nusselt number is displayed on graphs and examined.

关键词： MhD micropolar fluid stretching/shrinking sheet exact and dual solutions

MAThEMATICAL MODELLING OF PhASE TRANSFORMATION FROM hOT-DEFORMED AUSTENITE IN LOW CARBON STEELS

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2003年第3期16卷 204-210页

作者： Y.B.Xu G.D.Wang X.h.Liu State Key Laboratory of Rolling And Automation Northeastern University Shenyang 110004 ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rolling And AutomationNortheastern University Shenyang 110004 ChinaState Key Laboratory of Rolling And AutomationNortheastern University Shenyang 110004 China

On the basis of superelement model, Cahn’s transformation kinetics theory and Scheil’s additivity rule, the CCT diagrams and transformation kinetics in low carbon steel were predicted considering both undeformed and deformed conditions. The influence of deformation on phase equilibria and transformation incubation period was evaluated quantitatively. The recrystallization kinetics and the evolution of dislocation density were calculated during continuous cooling. The results show deformation considerably shortens transformation incubation period, accelerates transformation kinetics and makes CCT curve shift leftwards. The calculated CCT diagrams and the volume fraction of each phase are in good agreement with measurements.

关键词： thermodynamics transformation kinetics continuous cooling hot-deformed austenite

Influence of growing location and cultivar on Rhyzopertha dominica （Coleoptera： Bostrichidae） and Sitophilus oryzae （Coleoptera： Curculionidae） infestation of rough rice

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Insect Science 2007年第3期14卷 231-239页

作者： FRANK h. ARThUR RUSTY C. BAUTISTA TERRENCE J. SIEBENMORGEN USDA-ARS Grain Marketing and Production Research Center Manhattan Kansas Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville Arkansas USA

Long-grain rice cultivars Cocodrie, Wells, and XP 723 grown in three locations （hazen, MO; Essex and Newport, AR, USA）, and medium-grain rice cultivars Bengal and XP 713 grown in two locations （Jonesboro and Lodge Corner, AR, USA）, were harvested and assayed for susceptibility to Rhyzopertha dominica （F.）（Coleoptera： Bostrichidae）, the lesser grain borer, and Sitophilus oryzae （L.）（Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, the rice weevil, on rice held at 27℃, 57% and 75% relative humidity （Rh）. Separate samples from the same harvest lots were also analyzed for the physical characteristics of brown rice yield, percentage whole kernels and kernel thickness. Progeny production and feeding damage of R. dominica were significantly different among long-grain cultivars within two of the three locations （P 〈 0.05）, but not for location or Rh （P ≥ 0.05）, while progeny production of S. oryzae was different among cultivars, location, and Rh （P 〈 0.05）. On medium-grain rice, both cultivar and location were significant for progeny production of R. dominica, but not Rh, while cultivar and Rh were significant for progeny production of S. oryzae, but not location. On both rice types, feeding damage of R. dominica followed the same trends and was always strongly positively correlated with progeny production （P 〈 0.05）, but for S. oryzae there were several instances in which progeny production was not correlated with feeding damage （P ≥ 0.05）. Physical characteristics of both rice types were statistically significant （P 〈 0.01） but actual numerical differences were extremely small, and were generally not correlated with progeny production of either species. Results indicate that the location in which a particular rice cultivar is grown, along with its characteristics, could affect susceptibility of the rice to R. dominica and S. oryzae.

关键词： rough rice cultivars stored-product insects Rhyzopertha dominica Sitophilus oryzae

Impact of elevated CO2 and increased temperature on Japanese beetle herbivory

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 513-523页

作者： Olivia K. Niziolek May R. Berenbaum Evan h. DeLucia Department of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Department of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801USA

To examine how the major elements of global change affect herbivory in agroecosystems, a multifactorial experiment was conducted where soybeans were grown at two levels of carbon dioxide and temperature, including those predicted for 2050, under otherwise normal field conditions. Japanese beetles （Popillia japonica Newman） were enclosed on foliage for 24 h, after which the beetle survivorship, total and per capita leaf consumption, and leaf protease inhibitor activity were measured. The direct effect of temperature on beetle consumption and survivorship also was measured under controlled environmental conditions. No differences in total foliage consumption were observed; however, beetles forced to feed at elevated temperature in the field demonstrated greater per capita consmnption and reduced survivorship compared to beetles feeding at ambient temperature. Survivorship was also greater for beetles that consumed foliage grown under elevated CO2, but there were no interactive effects of CO2 and temperature, and no differences in leaf chemistry were resolved. Leaf consumption by beetles increased strongly with increasing temperature up to -37℃, above which increased mortality caused a precipitous decrease in consumption. An empirical model based on the temperature dependence of leaf consumption and flight suggests that the 3.5℃ increase in temperature predicted for 2050 will increase the optimal feeding window for the Japanese beetle by 290%. Elevated temperature and CO2 operating independently have the potential to greatly increase foliage damage to soybean by chewing insects, such as Popilliajaponica, potentially affecting crop yields.

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE (free-air concentration enrichment) Glycine max,herbivory Japanese beetles Popilliajaponica temperature dependence