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Influence of laser polarization on collective electron dynamics in ultraintense laser-foil interactions

2005年

作者：原Mark powell Ron Martinez

本教程十五单元内容分别如下：职业设计；企业家；电子/网上贸易；品牌之战；价格与商品；业务招待；革新；公共关系；文化差异；全球化广告；管理风格；兼并浪潮；商业与环境；金融与信用；经济问题等。

ISBN: (纸本)7532737047

关键词：商务

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 120-126页

作者： Bruno Gonzalez-Izquierdo Ross J.Gray Martin King Robbie Wilson Rachel J.Dance haydn powell David A.Mac Lellan John McCreadie Nicholas M.h.Butler Steve hawkes James S.Green Chris D.Murphy Luca C.Stockhausen David C.Carroll Nicola Booth Graeme G.Scott Marco Borghesi David Neely Paul McKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Department of Physics University of York Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU) Centre for Plasma Physics Queens University Belfast

The collective response of electrons in an ultrathin foil target irradiated by an ultraintense(~6×10^(20)W cm^(-2)) laser pulse is investigated experimentally and via 3D particle-in-cell simulations. It is shown that if the target is sufficiently thin that the laser induces significant radiation pressure, but not thin enough to become relativistically transparent to the laser light, the resulting relativistic electron beam is elliptical, with the major axis of the ellipse directed along the laser polarization axis. When the target thickness is decreased such that it becomes relativistically transparent early in the interaction with the laser pulse, diffraction of the transmitted laser light occurs through a so called ‘relativistic plasma aperture', inducing structure in the spatial-intensity profile of the beam of energetic electrons. It is shown that the electron beam profile can be modified by variation of the target thickness and degree of ellipticity in the laser polarization.

关键词： laser–plasmas interaction ultraintense ultrashort pulse laser interaction with matters

Microbial responses to combined oxidation and catalysis treatment of 1,4-dioxane and co-contaminants in groundwater and soil

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第5期12卷 168-180页

作者： Yu Miao Nicholas W.Johnson Kimberly heck Sujin Guo Camilah D.powell Thien Phan Phillip B.Gedalanga David T.Adamson Charles J.Newell Michael S.Wong Shaily Mahendra Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice UniversityHoustonTX 77005USA Department of health Science California State UniversityFullertonCA 92834USA GSI Environmental Inc. HoustonTX 77098USA

Post-treatment impacts of a novel combined hydrogen peroxide(h2O_(2))oxidation and WOx/ZrO_(2) catalysis used for the removal of 1,4-dioxane and chlorinated volatile organic compound(CVOC)contaminants were investigated in soil and groundwater microbial *** treatment train removed~90%1,4-dioxane regardless of initial concentrations of 1,4-dioxane and *** Illumina Miseq platform and bioinformatics were used to study the changes to microbial community *** approach determined that dynamic shifts of microbiomes were associated with conditions specific to treatments as well as 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs *** biodiversity was observed to decrease only after oxidation under conditions that included high levels of 1,4-dioxane and CVOCs,but increased when 1,4-dioxane was present without ***_(x)/ZrO_(2) catalysis reduced biodiversity across all *** classification demonstrated oxidative tolerance for members of the genera Massilia and Rhodococcus,while catalyst tolerance was observed for members of the genera Sphingomonas and *** discriminant analysis effect size was a useful statistical tool to highlight representative microbes,while the multidimensional analysis elucidated the separation of microbiomes under the low 1,4-dioxane-only condition from all other conditions containing CVOCs,as well as the differences of microbial population among original,post-oxidation,and post-catalysis *** results of this study enhance our understanding of microbial community responses to a promising chemical treatment train,and the metagenomic analysis will help practitioners predict the microbial community status during the post-treatment period,which may have consequences for long-term management strategies that include additional biodegradation treatment or natural attenuation.

关键词： Coupled treatments Chlorinated solvents Diethylene ether Biological diversity Microbial populations Biomarkers

NOTUM inhibition increases endocortical bone formation and bone strength

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Bone Research 2019年第1期7卷 54-65页

作者： Robert Brommage Jeff Liu Peter Voge Faika Mseeh Andrea Y.Thompson David G.Potter Melanie K.Shadoan Gwenn M.hansen Sabrina Jeter-Jones Jie Cui Dawn Bright Jennifer P.Bardenhagen Deon D.Doree Sofia Moverare-Skrtic Karin h.Nilsson Petra henning Ulf h.Lerner Claes Ohlsson Arthur T.Sands James E.Tarver David R.powell Brian Zambrowicz Qingyun Liu Lexicon Pharmaceuticals The WoodlandsTXUSA Wntrix HoustonTXUSA PRA health Sciences RaleighNCUSA University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPAUSA Regeneron Pharmaceuticals TarrytownNYUSA University of Texas HoustonTXUSA Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research Institute of MedicineThe Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Biogen CambridgeMAUSA St.Jude Children’s Research hospital MemphisTNUSA MD Anderson Cancer Center HoustonTXUSA Bethyl Laboratories MontgomeryTXUSA Merck RahwayNJUSA Nurix San FranciscoCAUSA

The disability,mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are *** osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral *** bone is a major determinant of non-vertebral bone *** identify novel osteoporosis drug targets,we phenotyped cortical bone of 3 366 viable mouse strains with global knockouts of druggable *** bone thickness was substantially elevated in Notum?/?*** is a secreted WNT lipase and we observed high NOTUM expression in cortical bone and osteoblasts but not *** orally active small molecules and a neutralizing antibody inhibiting NOTUM lipase activity were *** increased cortical bone thickness and strength at multiple skeletal sites in both gonadal intact and ovariectomized rodents by stimulating endocortical bone ***,inhibition of NOTUM activity is a potential novel anabolic therapy for strengthening cortical bone and preventing non-vertebral fractures.

关键词： disability osteoporosis fractures

含杂元素单环化合物hantzsch-Widman命名系统修订规则

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有机化学 1984年第2期6卷 161-164页

作者： powell W.h. 黄维垣计福宝

1887,1888年hantzsch和Widman各自分别创立了含氮五、六员单杂环化合物的命名系统。之后,许多学者补充修订了该系统,直到1957年IUPAC有机化学命名委员会编纂了hantzsch-Widman系统的修订版作为有机化学命名规则的一部分。后来,单杂环化... 详细信息

1887,1888年hantzsch和Widman各自分别创立了含氮五、六员单杂环化合物的命名系统。之后,许多学者补充修订了该系统,直到1957年IUPAC有机化学命名委员会编纂了hantzsch-Widman系统的修订版作为有机化学命名规则的一部分。后来,单杂环化合物又有了发展,1979年IUPAC决定修订1957年版单杂环命名规则,并提出了单杂环命名的暂定规则。最近,IUPAC有机化学命名委员会综合各方对暂定规则的意见,提出单杂环hantzsch-Widman命名系统的推荐规则,其要点如下: 1.含氮三员杂环和含氮饱和四、五员杂环词尾命名照旧。

关键词：杂环化合物 IUPAC 有机化学 hantzsch-Widman 环己三烯硫杂环戊烷单环化合物词尾词素环己烷环烷烃

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石英晶体振子的频率与加速度特性的测量技术

宇航计测技术 1985年第S1期 138-144页

作者： D.J.healey h.hahn S.powell 贾春民

本文介绍一种能够快速测量在随机振动下晶体振子的加速度灵敏度的测量仪器。这种测量仪器比用hP台式计算机构成的频谱分析仪来计算加速度灵敏度与加速度频率的关系并记录下结果要快一些。这种测量仪器能够测出使用仪器的噪声水底,而这... 详细信息

本文介绍一种能够快速测量在随机振动下晶体振子的加速度灵敏度的测量仪器。这种测量仪器比用hP台式计算机构成的频谱分析仪来计算加速度灵敏度与加速度频率的关系并记录下结果要快一些。这种测量仪器能够测出使用仪器的噪声水底,而这种使用仪器能够在频率为500～15000hz、加速度为10g~2/hz到10g~2/hz时,对低于10/g的VhF晶体振子的加速度灵敏度进行测量。本文将讨论用频谱分析仪测量电压和所要求的加速度灵敏度之间的关系,还给出了AC、FC、IT和SC切晶体的加速度灵敏度的计算机取样曲线,用以说明谐振频率与安装系统的关系。

关键词：加速度灵敏度晶体测量仪器 Mhz 加速度表谐振频率测量技术测定技术

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美国:振兴农村经济发展

金融市场研究 2019年第2期79卷 83-86页

作者：杰罗姆.h.鲍威尔陈曦美联储

美国密西西比三角洲地区与许多农村地区一样,长期面临贫困的.挑战。本文将谈谈三个应对农村贫困挑战的机会领域——教育和劳动力发展、创业和小微企业发展以及获取金融服务的可得性。

关键词：农村经济发展美国农村贫困三角洲地区农村地区金融服务企业发展劳动力

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剑桥商务英语沟通技能

2019年

作者： (英)马克·鲍威尔(Mark powell)

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自动功率计校准系统

宇航计测技术 1984年第3期 92-95页

作者： R.C.powell h.W.Banning J.R.Byloff 谢蔚文

校准微波功率计所需要的仪器已重新设计成可用计算器控制,并且能在0.5至11毫瓦的11个功率电平上提供0.01到18千兆赫的校准。用这些仪器组成的系统(系统II)可以以每点1.5秒的速度确定校准因子,几乎不需要操作者看管。高度对称的电阻功率... 详细信息

校准微波功率计所需要的仪器已重新设计成可用计算器控制,并且能在0.5至11毫瓦的11个功率电平上提供0.01到18千兆赫的校准。用这些仪器组成的系统(系统II)可以以每点1.5秒的速度确定校准因子,几乎不需要操作者看管。高度对称的电阻功率分配器用来在整个频率范围内给被测器件和校准用标准提供接近于相等的入射功率。利用校准用标准和射频功率电平控制器,使送入功分器的功率保持在所选择的电平上。被测器件的输出用热敏电阻座或镇流电阻座hogelarsen双电动势(Two-E.M.F)电桥和数字电压表进行测量。从电压表或被测功率计的IEEE488接口母线的输出可用计算器读出。要使辐射热测量座长期稳定,就需要进行温度控制。利用一对电桥和具有电阻功分器的温度控制器可以对两个辐射热测量座进行交替比较。本文介绍一种自动校准微波功率计、辐射热测量座和其他功率传感器的计算机辅助测量系统,提出了用功分器校准辐射热测量座的理论,讨论了该系统的使用方法。

关键词：微波功率计功分器毫瓦频率范围镇流电阻控制器调节器辐射热测量器功率分配器平衡电桥功率电平输出端口热敏电阻热敏元件

Role of magnetic field evolution on filamentary structure formation in intense laser–foil interactions

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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2019年第1期7卷 99-106页

作者： M.King N.M.h.Butler R.Wilson R.Capdessus R.J.Gray h.W.powell R.J.Dance h.Padda B.Gonzalez-Izquierdo D.R.Rusby N.P.Dover G.S.hicks O.C.Ettlinger C.Scullion D.C.Carroll Z.Najmudin M.Borghesi D.Neely P.McKenna SUPA Department of Physics University of Strathclyde Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett Laboratory Imperial College London Centre for Plasma Physics Queen's University Belfast

Filamentary structures can form within the beam of protons accelerated during the interaction of an intense laser pulse with an ultrathin foil target. Such behaviour is shown to be dependent upon the formation time of quasi-static magnetic field structures throughout the target volume and the extent of the rear surface proton expansion over the same *** is observed via both numerical and experimental investigations. By controlling the intensity profile of the laser drive,via the use of two temporally separated pulses, both the initial rear surface proton expansion and magnetic field formation time can be varied, resulting in modification to the degree of filamentary structure present within the laser-driven proton beam.

关键词： laser-plasma ion acceleration instabilities