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Technical challenges in tackling regulatory concerns for urban atmospheric nanoparticles

Particuology 2011年第6期9卷 566-571页

作者： Prashant Kumar Alan Robins Sotiris Vardoulakis paul Quincey Division of Civil Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences(FEPS)University of Surrey Environmental Flow(EnFlo)Research Centre FEPSUniversity of Surrey Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental HazardsHealth Protection Agency Analytical Science Division National Physical Laboratory

Recent Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicle emission standards are the first ever initiative to control particles on a number basis at the source. Related standards are also desirable for ambient nanoparticles （taken in this article to be those below 300 rim） to protect against possible adverse effects on public health and the environment. however, there are a number of technical challenges that need to be tackled before developing a regulatory framework for atmospheric nanoparticles. Some of the challenges derive from a lack of standardisation of the key measurement parameters, including sampling, necessary for robust evaluation of particle number concentrations, especially in the context of insufficient knowledge of the physicochemical characteristics of emerging sources （i.e. bio-fuel derived and manufactured nanoparti- cles）. Ideally, ambient concentrations of primary particles could be linked to primary particle emissions by use of nanoparticle dispersion models, and secondary nanoparticles using photochemical modeling tools. The limitations in these areas are discussed. Although there is inadequate information on the exact biological mechanism through which these particles cause harm, it is argued that this should not in itself delay the introduction of regulation. This article reviews the missing links between the existing knowledge of nanoparticle number concentrations and the advances required to tackle the technical challenges implied in developing regulations.

关键词： Airborne and manufactured nanoparticles Particle number concentrations Size distributions Street canyons Ultrafine particles Vehicle emissions

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Granular activated carbons from palm nut shells for gold di-cyanide adsorption

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2013年第2期20卷 172-179页

作者： William K.Buah.paul T.Williams Energy Research Institute The University of LeedsLeeds LS2 9JTUnited Kingdom

Granular activated carbons were produced from palm nut shells by physical activation with steam. The proximate analysis of palm nut shells was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons, produced as a result of shell pyrolysis at 600℃ followed by steam activation at 900℃ in varying activation times, was evaluated using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Applicability of the activated carbons for gold dicyanide adsorption was also investigated. Increasing the activation hold time with the attendant increase in the degree of carbon burn-off results in a progressive increase in the surface area of the activated carbons, reaching a value of 903.1 m2/g after activation for 6 h. The volumes of total pores, mieropores, and mesopores in the activated carbons also increase progressively with the increasing degree of carbon burn-off, resulting from increasing the activation hold time. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of the activated carbons increases with the rise of pore volume of the activated carbons. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of palm nut shell activated carbon obtained after 6-h activation at 900℃ is superior to that of a commercial activated carbon used for gold di-cyanide adsorption.

关键词： activated carbon adsorption gold cyanides processing pyrolysis

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Surface engineering with ionic polymers on membranes for boron removal

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 61-69页

作者： Xiting Zhang Chenyi Fang J paul Chen Sui Zhang Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117576Singapore Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 119260Singapore College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Removal of boric acid from seawater and wastewater using reverse osmosis membrane technologies is imperative and yet remains inadequately addressed by current commercial *** research efforts performed post-modification of reverse osmosis membranes to enhance boron rejection,which is usually accompanied by substantial sacrifice in water *** study delves into the surface engineering of low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes,aiming to elevate boron removal efficiency while maintaining optimal salt rejection and water *** were modified by the self-polymerization and co-deposition of dopamine and polystyrene sulfonate at varying ratios and *** surfaces became smoother and more hydrophilic after *** optimum membrane exhibited a water permeability of 9.2±0.1 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)·bar^(-1),NaCl rejection of 95.8%±0.3%,and boron rejection of 49.7%±0.1% and 99.6%±0.3% at neutral and alkaline ph,*** water permeability is reduced by less than 15%,while the boron rejection is 3.7 times higher compared to the blank *** research provides a promising avenue for enhancing boron removal in reverse osmosis membranes and addressing water quality concerns in the desalination process.

关键词： membrane low-pressure reverse osmosis boron surface engineering

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New Characterizations of the Dual Spaces of hardy-amalgam Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第3期38卷 519-546页

作者： Zobo Vincent de paul ABLE Justin FEUTO Laboratoire de Mathématiques Fondamentales UFR Mathématiques et InformatiqueUniversitéFélixHouphouët-Boigny Abidjan-Cocody22B.P.582Abidjan 22Côte d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Mathématiques Fondamentales UFR Mathématiques et InformatiqueUniversitéFélixHouphouët-Boigny Abidjan-Cocody22B.P.1194Abidjan 22Côte d’Ivoire

In this paper,carrying on with our study of the hardy-amalgam spaces h^((q,p)) and h^((q,p))_(loc)(0haracterization of their dual spaces whenever 0hen 0hese ch... 详细信息

In this paper,carrying on with our study of the hardy-amalgam spaces h^((q,p)) and h^((q,p))_(loc)(0haracterization of their dual spaces whenever 0hen 0hese characterizations coincide with those obtained in our earlier papers.

关键词： Amalgam spaces hardy-amalgam spaces duality Pseudo-differential operators

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Oxidation behaviors of Co-Al-W-0.1B superalloys in a long-term isothermal exposure at 900~?C

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第11期34卷 2212-2217页

作者： Yuzhi Li Florian Pyczak Jonathan paul Zekun Yao School of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China Institute of Materials Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht21502 GeesthachtGermany

Co-Al-W-0.1B superalloys have been isothermally oxidized at 900℃ for 1000,5000 and 10000 h in order to investigate their oxidation *** oxide layers and morphologies were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive ***1000 h exposure,a Co3W/γ zone,an Al2O3layer,a mixture of Co,Al,W oxides layer and a CoO layer are established on the substrate *** extended oxidation,a discontinuous Al2O3layer in Co-9Al-8W-0.1B and Co-9Al-9W-0.1B alloys leads to an additional mixed oxide layer on the substrate instead of the Co3W/γ *** oxide layers that form on the Co-9Al-8W-0.1B and Co-9Al-9W-0.1B alloys are much thicker than those on the Co-9Al-11W-0.1B alloy,and continuously thicken during *** higher content of W is beneficial to improving the oxidation resistance as it facilitates a faster formation of Co3Was well as Al2O3.

关键词： Isothermal oxidation CoO layer Al2O3 layer Co3W/γ

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Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk paul Zomer Deborah Rjkers h.J.van der Fels-Klerx Joop J.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

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Microsphere-assisted quantitative phase microscopy:a review

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 131-150页

作者： Vahid Abbasian Tobias Pahl Lucie hüser Sylvain Lecler paul Montgomery Peter Lehmann Arash Darafsheh Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110USA Imaging Science Program McKelvey School of EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA Measurement Technology Group Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of KasselWilhelmshöher Allee 7134121 KasselGermany ICube Research Institute INSA StrasbourgUniversitéde StrasbourgCNRS67000 StrasbourgFrance

Light microscopes are the most widely used devices in life and material sciences that allow the study of the interaction of light with matter at a resolution better than that of the naked *** microscopes translate the spatial differences in the intensity of the reflected or transmitted light from an object to pixel brightness differences in the digital ***,a phase microscope converts the spatial differences in the phase of the light from or through an object to differences in pixel *** microscopy,a phase-based approach,has found application in various *** interferometry has brought nanometric axial resolution,the lateral resolution in quantitative phase microscopy(QPM)has still remained limited by diffraction,similar to other traditional microscopy *** the resolution has been the subject of intense investigation since the invention of the microscope in the 17th *** the past decade,microsphere-assisted microscopy(MAM)has emerged as a simple and effective approach to enhance the resolution in light *** can be integrated with QPM for 3D label-free imaging with enhanced ***,we review the integration of microspheres with coherence scanning interference and digital holographic microscopies,discussing the associated open questions,challenges,and opportunities.

关键词： Phase microscopy Digital holographic microscopy Microsphere Resolution

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Optical tracking of picosecond coherent phonon pulse focusing inside a sub-micron object

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 653-659页

作者： Thomas Dehoux Kenichi Ishikawa paul h Otsuka Motonobu Tomoda Osamu Matsuda Masazumi Fujiwara Shigeki Takeuchi Istvan A Veres Vitalyi E Gusev Oliver B Wright Institut Lumière Matière UMR5306UniversitéLyon 1-CNRSUniversitéde Lyon69622 VilleurbanneFrance Division of Applied Physics Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-8628Japan Research Institute for Electronic Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporo 001-0020Japan School of Science and Technology Kwansei Gakuin UniversitySandaHyogo 669-1337Japan Department of Electronic Science and Engineering Kyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8510Japan Research Centre for Non-Destructive Testing Gmbh Altenberger Strasse 69A-4040 LinzAustria Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du MaineLe Mans 72085France

By means of an ultrafast optical technique,we track focused gigahertz coherent phonon pulses in objects down to sub-micron in *** light pulses illuminating the surface of a single metal-coated silica fibre generate longitudinal-phonon wave *** of visible probe light pulses from the fibre surface allows the vibrational modes of the fibre to be detected,and Brillouin optical scattering of partially transmitted light pulses allows the acoustic wavefronts inside the transparent fibre to be continuously *** thereby probe acoustic focusing in the time domain resulting from generation at the curved fibre *** analytical model,supported by three-dimensional simulations,suggests that we have followed the focusing of the acoustic beam down to a~150-nm diameter waist inside the *** work significantly narrows the lateral resolution for focusing of picosecond acoustic pulses,normally limited by the diffraction limit of focused optical pulses to~1μm,and thereby opens up a new range of possibilities including nanoscale acoustic microscopy and nanoscale computed tomography.

关键词： acoustic–optic fibre optical scattering picosecond ultrasonics

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Osteopontin is an important mediator of alcoholic liver disease via hepatic stellate cell activation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13088-13104页

作者： Devanshi Seth Alastair Duly paul C Kuo Geoffrey W McCaughan paul S haber Drug health Services Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia Garvan Institute Darlinghurst NSW 2010 Australia Central Clinical School of Medicine the University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2050 Australia Department of Surgery Loyola University Medica Centre Maywood IL 60153 United States AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre RPAH Camperdown NSW 2050 Australia

AIM: To investigate over-expression of Osteopontin (OPN) pathway expression and mechanisms of action in human alcoholic liver disease (ALD), in vivo and in vitro acute alcohol models.

关键词： hepatic stellate cells Liver cirrhosis Plasmin Steatosis Fibrogenesis Transforming growth factor β Osteopontin isoform

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A report on TypeⅡX-ray bursts from SMC X-1

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第12期18卷 43-52页

作者： Binay Rai Pragati Pradhan Bikash Chandra paul Dept.of Physics North Bengal UniversityDarjeelingWest Bengal734013India Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics Pennsylvania State UniversityPennsylvania16802USA St.Joseph's College Darjeeling-734104West BengalIndia

We study RXTE PCA data for the high mass X-ray binary source SMC X-1 between 2003–10 and 2003–12 when the source was in its high *** source is found to be frequently bursting which can be seen as flares in lightcurves that occur at a rate of one every 800 s, with an average of 4–5 Type Ⅱ X-ray bursts per *** note that typically a burst was short, lasting for a few tens of seconds in addition to a few long bursts spanning more than a hundred seconds that were also *** flares apparently occupied 2.5% of the total observing time of 225.5 *** note a total of 272 flares with mean FWhM of the flare ～21 *** rms variability and aperiodic variability are independent of *** observed, the pulse profiles of the lightcurves do not change their shape, implying that there is no change in the geometry of an accretion disk due to a *** hardness ratio and rms variability of lightcurves exhibit no correlation with the *** flare fraction shows a positive correlation with the peak-to-peak ratio of the primary and secondary peaks of the pulse *** observed hardening or softening of the spectrum cannot be correlated with the flaring rate but may be due to the interstellar absorption of X-rays as evident from the change in hydrogen column density(n_h).It is found that the luminosity of the source increases with the flaring *** that the viscous timescale is equal to the mean recurrence time of flares, we fixed the viscosity parameter α ～ 0.16.

关键词： accretion accretion discs pulsar:individual(SMC X-1) stars:neutron X-rays:binaries X-ray:burst

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