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Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in huntington’s disease

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani h.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

huntington’s disease(hD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying hD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： huntington degeneration cortex

Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles:challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1997-1998页

作者： Paz Cartas-Cejudo Adriana Cortés Mercedes Lachén-Montes Elena Anaya-Cubero Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen Enrique Santamaría Clinical neuroproteomics Unit Proteomics PlatformNavarrabiomedHospitalario Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain

Data-driven drug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and perspectives in neurodegeneration:neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive degeneration and loss of neuronal function in the central nervous *** diseases are often characterized as proteinopathies,which are disorders primarily driven by the aggregation or misfolding of specific amyloid proteins within cells,leading to their dysfunction and eventual *** the gain-of-function hypothesis related to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regarding the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins during the process of aggregation into amyloids is gaining *** last event is called proteinopenia and refers to conditions characterized by a deficiency or decrease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the body(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been demonstrated that levels of soluble proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases are decreased.

关键词： diseases drug amyloid

neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian n.Levasseur Kimberly M.Alonge Department of Medicinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of Medicine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised of protein and glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffolds,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and is considered one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized by neural and glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad of homeostatic cellular processes,including neuronal plasticity and firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and glia-neuron interactions(Anderson et al.,2016).Considering the diversity of functions,dynamic remodeling of the brain's ECM indicates that this understudied medium is an active participant in both normal physiology and neurological diseases.

关键词： matrix programming

Vagus nerve stimulation in intracerebral hemorrhage:the need for further research

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3213-3214页

作者： Sheharyar S.Baig Ali n.Ali Arshad Majid Sheffield Institute for Translational neuroscience Division of NeuroscienceThe University of SheffieldSheffieldUK

Vagus nerve stimulation(VnS)and stroke:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide(Baig et al.,2023).There have been significant paradigm shifts in the management of acute ischemic stroke through mechanical *** chronic ischemic stroke,invasive VnS paired with rehabilitation is associated with a significant increase in upper limb motor recovery and is FDA-approved(Baig et al.,2023).There are no treatments of similar efficacy in acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICh)where several promising trials,e.g.,TICh-2,STOP-AUST,and TRAIGE did not show improvements in functional outcomes(Puy et al.,2023).

关键词： stimulation acute

The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel E.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis h.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda Department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA national Institutes of health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain EAAT-1/GLAST EAAT-2/GLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

From single to combinatorial therapies in spinal cord injuries for structural and functional restoration

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 660-670页

作者： Ernesto Doncel-Pérez Gabriel Guízar-Sahagún Israel Grijalva-Otero hospital nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha(SESCAM)ToledoSpain Medical Research Unit for neurological Diseases UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIIMSSCiudad de MéxicoMéxico

Spinal cord injury results in paralysis, sensory disturbances, sphincter dysfunction, and multiple systemic secondary conditions, most arising from autonomic dysregulation. All this produces profound negative psychosocial implications for affected people, their families, and their communities;the financial costs can be challenging for their families and health institutions. Treatments aimed at restoring the spinal cord after spinal cord injury, which have been tested in animal models or clinical trials, generally seek to counteract one or more of the secondary mechanisms of injury to limit the extent of the initial damage. Most published works on structural/functional restoration in acute and chronic spinal cord injury stages use a single type of treatment: a drug or trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and implantation of a biomaterial. Despite the significant benefits reported in animal models, when translating these successful therapeutic strategies to humans, the result in clinical trials has been considered of little relevance because the improvement, when present, is usually insufficient. Until now, most studies designed to promote neuroprotection or regeneration at different stages after spinal cord injury have used single treatments. Considering the occurrence of various secondary mechanisms of injury in the acute and sub-acute phases of spinal cord injury, it is reasonable to speculate that more than one therapeutic agent could be required to promote structural and functional restoration of the damaged spinal cord. Treatments that combine several therapeutic agents, targeting different mechanisms of injury, which, when used as a single therapy, have shown some benefits, allow us to assume that they will have synergistic beneficial effects. Thus, this narrative review article aims to summarize current trends in the use of strategies that combine therapeutic agents administered simultaneously or sequentially, seeking structural and functional restoratio

关键词： neural regeneration neuroprotection spinal cord injury repair spinal cord injury treatments structural restoration of spinal cord injury

Does mesenchymal stem cell’s secretome affect spinal sensory circuits?Implication for pain therapies

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 181-183页

作者： Francesco Ferrini Esri h.Juárez Adalberto Merighi Department of Veterinary Sciences University of TurinGrugliascoTOItaly Department of Psychiatry and neuroscience UniversitéLavalQuébec CityQCCanada

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are multipotent adult stem cells of mesodermal origin that can be isolated from various tissues,including bone marrow,tooth pulp,adipose tissue,and umbilical *** have gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to their ability to modulate the immune system and favor tissue *** enrich the medium in which they are cultivated with a broad range of bioactive molecules,including growth factors,cytokines,chemokines,enzymes,nucleic acids,and extracellular vesicles that collectively compose the MSC *** increasing number of pre-clinical studies suggest that delivering in vivo an MSC-conditioned medium(i.e.,the medium collected from MSC cultures after at least 3 days of exposure)exerts neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of neurological conditions.

关键词： protective clinical collective

Marinoan glaciation in the Indian subcontinent——Anatomy and global implications

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 293-308页

作者： h.n.Bhattacharya Department of Earth Sciences Techno India UniversityWest BengalSector VSalt LakeKolkata700091India

Detailed sedimentological analysis of the Pokaran Boulder Bed,representing the most basal unit of the neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian Marwar Supergroup,clearly indicates its glacial *** glacial sediments are interpreted as an ice-contact submarine fan *** on the detrital and inherited zircon population of the Marwar Supergroup sediments and interlayered pyroclastic deposits,a Marinoan cryochron of the Cryogenian Period is envisaged for the Pokaran Boulder *** well-preserved Ediacaran elements in the post-glacial sedimentary succession also support a Cryogenian to Early Cambrian age of the Marwar *** glacial deposition at the base of the Marwar Supergroup strengthens the regional correlation between the studied sediments with the Lesser himalayan Blaini-Krol-Tal sediments and the haqf Supergroup of *** available zircon ages and paleomagnetic data of the Malani Igneous suite,along with the Marinoan glacial deposits,detrital zircon ages,and Ediacaran fossil elements of the Marwar Supergroup add significant information to the neoproterozoic Earth history.

关键词： neoproterozoic Marinoan glaciation Diamictites Pokaran Boulder Bed Marwar Supergroup

Olfactory receptors in neural regeneration in the central nervous system

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2480-2494页

作者： Rafael Franco Claudia Garrigós Toni Capó Joan Serrano-Marín Rafael Rivas-Santisteban Jaume Lillo Molecular neurobiology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiomedicineFacultat de BiologiaUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Ciberned network Center for Biomedical Research in neurodegenerative Diseases Spanish National Health Institute Carlos ⅢMadridSpain School of Chemistry Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Food SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain Laboratory of Computational Medicine Biostatistics UnitFaculty of MedicineAutonomous University of BarcelonaCampus BellaterraBarcelonaSpain

Olfactory receptors are crucial for detecting odors and play a vital role in our sense of smell,influencing behaviors from food choices to emotional *** receptors also contribute to our perception of flavor and have potential applications in medical diagnostics and environmental *** ability of the olfactory system to regenerate its sensory neurons provides a unique model to study neural regeneration,a phenomenon largely absent in the central nervous *** gained from how olfactory neurons continuously replace themselves and reestablish functional connections can provide strategies to promote similar regenerative processes in the central nervous system,where damage often results in permanent *** the molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning olfactory neuron regeneration could pave the way for developing therapeutic approaches to treat spinal co rd injuries and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's *** ctory receptors are found in almost any cell of eve ry orga n/tissue of the mammalian *** ectopic expression provides insights into the chemical structures that can activate olfactory *** addition to odors,olfactory receptors in ectopic expression may respond to endogenous compounds and molecules produced by mucosal colonizing *** analysis of the function of olfactory receptors in ectopic expression provides valuable information on the signaling pathway engaged upon receptor activation and the receptor's role in proliferation and cell differentiation *** review explo res the ectopic expression of olfa ctory receptors and the role they may play in neural regeneration within the central nervous system,with particular attention to compounds that can activate these receptors to initiate regenerative *** suggests that olfactory receptors could serve as potential therapeutic targets for enhancing neural repair and recovery following central nervous syste

关键词： adenosine receptors adrenergic receptors ectopic expression G proteincoupled receptors glia neurons