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Investigation of nanocrystalline structure in selected carbonaceous materials

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第9期21卷 940-946页

作者： manoj B Department of Physics Christ University

The structural parameters of nine Indian coals were determined by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and kaman spectroscopy. The study revealed that the coals contain crystalline carbon of turbostratic structure with amorphous carbon. The stacking height （Lc） and interlayer spacing （rico2） of the crystallite structure of the coals ranged from 1.986 to 2.373 nm and from 0.334 to 0.340 nm, respectively. The degree of graphitization was calculated to range from 42% to 99%, thereby confirming the ordering of the carbon layers with the increase in coal rank. An exponential correlation was observed among the aromaticity （fa）, the lateral size （La）, and the rank （I20/I26）, suggesting that the coal crystallites are nanocrystalline in nature. A very strong correlation was observed between the structural parameters （fa, d002, Lc, the h/C ratio, and I20/I26）, the volatile matter content, and the elemental carbon content, indicating the structures of coals are controlled by the degree of contact metamorphism. The Raman spectra exhibited two prominent bands： the graphitic band （G） and the fn＇st-order characteristic defect band （D）. The deconvolufion resulted in five peaks： G, D1, D2, D3, and D4. The intense D1 band, which appeared at -1350 cm^-1, corresponds to a lattice vibration mode with Alg symmetry. The D2 mode, which appeared at -1610 cm^-1, arises from the structural disorder as a shoulder on the G band.

关键词： nanocrystals graphitization aromaticity carbonaceous materials

A comprehensive analysis of various structural parameters of Indian coals with the aid of advanced analytical tools

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 123-132页

作者： B. manoj Department of Physics Christ University BangaloreKarnataka 560027 India

An exhaustive structural analysis was carried out on three Indian coals （ranging from sub-bituminous to high volatile bituminous coal） using a range of advanced characterization tools. Detailed investigations were carded out using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X-ray and Raman peaks were deconvoluted and analyzed in details. Coal crystallites possess turbostratic structure, whose crystallite diameter and height increase with rank. The tJdC ratio plotted against aromaticity exhibited a decreasing trend, confirming the graphitization of coal upon leaching. It is also found that, with the increase of coal rank, the dependency of I20/I26 on La is saturated, due to the increase in average size of sp2 nanoclusters. In Raman spectra, the observed G peak （1585 cm^-1） and the D2 band arises from graphitic lattices. In IR spectrum, two distinct peaks at 2850 and 2920 cm i are attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric -Ch2 stretching vibrations. The intense peak at - 1620 cm^-1, is either attributed to the aromatic ring stretching of C=C nucleus.

关键词： Coal structure Spectroscopic tools X-ray diffraction Graphene layers

Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第4期19卷 279-283页

作者： B. manoj A.G. kunjomana Department of Physics Christ University Research and Development Centre Bharathiar University

high volatile bituminous coal .was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the ＂aromatics＂ structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm-1 region. The band at 1477 cm-1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm-1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm-1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm-1 are active in the infrared （IR） spec^urn but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-h stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm-~. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm-1 and 3450 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy analy- sis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals.

关键词： bituminous coal characterization graphite leaching vibrational spectroscopy

Wildland fires and moist deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh, India: divergent component assessment

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 857-866页

作者： B.h.kittur S.L.Swamy S.S.Bargali manoj kumar Jhariya Department of Silviculture & Agroforestry College of Forestry Kerala Agriculture University Vellanikara Thrissure Kerala India Department of Forestry College of Agriculture Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur (C.G.) 492006 India Department of Botany DSB Campus Kumaun University Nainital–263001 (Uttarakhand) India

We studied moist deciduous forests of Chhattisgarh, India （1） to assess the effect of four levels of historic wildland fire frequency （high, medium, low, and no-fire） on regeneration of seedlings in fire affected areas during pre and post-fire seasons, （2） to evaluate vegetation struc- ture and diversity by layer in the four fire frequency zones, （3） to evalu- ate the impact of fire frequency on the structure of economically impor- tant tree species of the region, and （4） to quantify fuel loads by fire fre- quency level. We classified fire-affected areas into high, medium, low, and no-fire frequency classes based on government records. Tree species were unevenly distributed across fire frequency categories. Shrub density was maximum in zones of high fire frequency and minimum in low- frequency and no-fire zones. Lower tree density after fires indicated that regeneration of seedlings was reduced by fire. The population structure in the high-frequency zone was comprised of seedlings of size class （A） and saplings of size class （B）, represented by Diospyros melanoxylon, Dalbergia sissoo, Shorea robusta and Tectona grandis. Younger and older trees were more abundant for Tectona grandis and Dalbargia sis- soo after fire, whereas intermediate-aged trees were more abundant pre- fire, indicating that the latter age-class was thinned by the catastrophic effect of fire. The major contributing components of fuel load included duff litter and small woody branches and twigs on the forest floor. Total fuel load on the forest floor ranged from 2.2 to 3.38 Mg/ha. The netchange in fuel load was positive in high- and medium-frequency fire zones and negative under low- and no-fire zones. Repeated fires, how- ever, slowly reduced stand stability. An ecological approach is needed for fire management to restore the no-fire spatial and temporal structure of moist deciduous forests, their species composition and fuel loads. The management approach should incorporate participatory forest ma

关键词： forest fire diversity fuel load vegetation structure

A review of TiO_2 nanoparticles

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第16期56卷 1639-1657页

作者： GUPTA Shipra Mital TRIPAThI manoj University School of Basic and Applied Sciences Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha UniversitySector 16C DwarkaDelhi 110075India

Climate change and the consumption of non-renewable resources are considered as the greatest problems facing *** of this,photocatalysis research has been rapidly ***2 nanoparticles have been extensively investigated for photocatalytic applications including the decomposition of organic compounds and production of h2 as a fuel using solar energy. This article reviews the structure and electronic properties of TiO2,compares TiO2 with other common semiconductors used for photocatalytic applications and clarifies the advantages of using TiO2 ***2 is considered close to an ideal semi- conductor for photocatalysis but possesses certain limitations such as poor absorption of visible radiation and rapid recombination of photogenerated electron/hole *** this review article,various methods used to enhance the photocatalytic characteristics of TiO2 including dye sensitization,doping,coupling and capping are *** and energy applications of TiO2, including photocatalytic treatment of wastewater,pesticide degradation and water splitting to produce hydrogen have been summarized.

关键词：纳米二氧化钛光催化特性审查不可再生资源催化应用可见光辐射光催化处理气候变化

Effect of Flow Field Geometry on hydrodynamics of Flow in Redox Flow Battery

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 201-217页

作者： M.Narendra kumar S.manoj kumar G.C.Vijayakumar k.kadirgama M.Samykano krishna Venkatesh h.B.Murlidhara Center for Incubation Innovation Research and Consultancy(CIIRC)Jyothy Institute of TechnologyBangalore560082KarnatakaIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Jyothy Institute of TechnologyBangalore560082KarnatakaIndia Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology University Malaysia PahangPahang26600Malaysia Centre for Automotive Engineering Universiti Malaysia PahangPahang26600Malaysia College of Engineering Universiti Malaysia PahangPahang26600Malaysia

This study computationally investigates the hydrodynamics of different serpentine flow field designs for redox flow batteries,which considers the Poiseuille flow in the flow channel and the Darcy flow porous *** Fluid Dynamics(CFD)results of the in-house developed code based on Finite Volume Method(FVM)for conventional serpentine flow field(CSFF)agreed well with those obtained via *** deviation for pressure drop(ΔP)was less than 5.1%for all the flow rates,thus proving the present CFD analysis’s validity on the modified variation of serpentine flow *** serpentine flow field-2(MSFF2)design provided least pressure drop across the channel and maximum velocity penetration across the porous substrate when compared to the other *** increases its wetting ability,which is very important in terms of mass transfer over potential for electrochemical reaction happening in the porous substrate to achieve effective electrochemical cell performance.

关键词： Pressure drop velocity distribution serpentine flow field porous substrate redox flow battery

Biocompatibility and biotoxicity of in-situ synthesized carboxylated nanodiamond-cobalt oxide nanocomposite

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第8期33卷 879-888页

作者： L.Syam Sundar Naser A.Anjum M.C.Ferro Eduarda Pereira manoj k.Singh A.C.M.Sousa TEMA-Department of Mechanical Engineering University ofAveiroAveiroPortugal CESAM-Centrefor Environmental&Marine Studies and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro3810-193AveiroPortugal CICECO Department of Material Engineering and CeramicsUniversity of AveiroPortugal

A nanocomposite that incorporates cobalt oxide（Co3O4） and nanodiamond（ND） can present both high magnetism（Co3O4） and high hardness（ND）. ND particles have potential applications in a variety of fields such as protein immobilization, biosensors, therapeutic molecule delivery and bio-imaging. however,limited information is available in literature on the in-situ synthesis of biocompatible magnetic materials and also on their potential biotoxicity as a result of their entry into environmental compartments and subsequent interaction with biota. In this work, a new kind of bio-compatible magnetic material –carboxylated nanodiamond（c ND） and Co3O4 was synthesized to obtain the c ND-Co3O4 *** synthesis procedure involved in-situ and chemical reduction of cobalt chloride（CoCl（26）h2O） and sodium borohydrate（NaBh4）. The synthesized cND-Co3O4 nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cyto-genotoxicity of the synthesized nanocomposite material was studied by using onion（Allium cepa L.） as a test model with concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 μg/ml. The study was also extended to cND and Co3O4 materials for comparison purpose. Co3O4 and cND exhibited their contrasting effects on mitosis and other cyto-genotoxic indices studied herein. This work provided fundamental data on the synthesis and the bio-toxicity of the c ND-Co3O4 nanocomposite, which, in turn, can help to expand their multidisciplinary applications.

关键词： Nanodiamond Cobalt oxide Nanodiamond Nanocomposite Bio-toxicity Allium cepa

Rice Bran Oil: Emerging Trends in Extraction, health Benefit, and Its Industrial Application

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Rice science 2021年第3期28卷 217-232页

作者： Sneh PUNIA manoj kUMAR Anil kumar SIROhA Sukhvinder Singh PUREWAL Department of Food Science Chaudhary Devi Lal UniversitySirsaHaryana 125055India Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton TechnologyMumbai 400019India Department of Food Science and Technology Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical UniversityBathinda 151001India

Rice bran oil(RBO)is unique among edible vegetable oils because of its unique fatty acid composition,phenolic compound(γ-oryzanol,ferulic acid)and vitamin E(tocopherol and tocotrienol).It has become a great choice of cooking oil because of its very high burning point,neutral taste and delicate ***-conventional methods of RBO extraction are more efficient and environmentally friendly than conventional extraction *** in RBO extraction using innovative extraction strategies like super/sub-critical CO_(2),microwave-assisted,subcritical h_(2)O,enzyme-assisted aqueous and ultrasoundassisted aqueous extraction methods have proven to significantly improve the yields along with improved nutritional profile of *** compositions and strategies for stabilization of RBO are well *** constituents are present in the RBO contribute to antioxidative,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,antidiabetic and anti-cancerous properties to *** has helped RBO to become an important substrate for the application in food(cooking oil,milk product and meat product)and non-food industries(polymer,lubricant,biofuel,structural lipid and cosmetic).This review provided comprehensive information on RBO extraction methods,oil stabilization,existing applications and health benefits.

关键词： rice bran oil extraction functionalization stabilization food/non-food application fatty acid

Valorisation of fruit waste for enhanced exopolysaccharide production by Xanthomonas campestries using statistical optimisation of medium and process

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Food Bioscience 2022年第2期46卷 1014-1019页

作者： Avni Vaishnav kinjal Upadhyay manoj koradiya Devayani Tipre Shailesh Dave Department of Microbiology School of ScienceGujarat UniversityAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology St.Xavier’s CollegeAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia Department of Microbiology L.J.Institutes of Applied SciencesS.G.RoadAhmedabad382210GujaratIndia Xavier Research Foundation Loyola Centre for R&DSt.Xavier’s College CampusAhmedabad380009GujaratIndia

The aim of this research work was to enhance the fermentative production of exopolysaccharide(EPS)with mixed fruit waste as a key *** campestries was isolated from spoiled orange and its EPS production efficiency was determined using EPS *** to optimisation,the production was 3.4 g/L,upon optimizing the medium the production improved to 9.2 g/*** medium formulation was studied by sequential addition of medium components and replacement of sugar with mixed fruit *** formulated medium,the production enhanced to 11.1 g/*** further optimisation,the response surface methodology was used,which resulted in the enhancement of production to 14.5 g/*** scale-up study was undertaken in a 10 L shake flask and *** 10 L flask EPS,production was 14.45 g/L in 100 h,whereas in 10 L fermenter it was 21.10 g/L in 60h *** optimisation studies gave nearly 500%(6.2fold)enhanced EPS production and dwindle in fermentation *** of sucrose with fruit waste extract made the process environment-friendly;omission of L-cystine and use of 50%reduced amount of sodium acetate in the medium lowered the production cost of *** developed process resulted in the utilization of fruit waste and was also useful in solving the fruit waste disposal problem.

关键词： Exopolysaccharide Mixed fruits waste Formulated medium Scale up Response surface methodology