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Reversible solid-oxide cells for clean and sustainable energy

Clean Energy 2019年第3期3卷 175-201页

作者： M.B.Mogensen M.Chen h.l.frandsen C.Graves J.B.hansen K.V.hansen A.hauch T.Jacobsen S.h.Jensen T.l.Skafte X.Sun Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark(DTU)Frederiksborgvej 399DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark haldor Topsøe Haldor Topsøes Allé1DK-2800 Lyngby Department of Chemistry Technical University of DenmarkDK-2800 Kgs.LyngbyDenmark DynElectro ApS DK-4621 GadstrupDenmark

This review gives first a brief view of the potential availability of sustainable *** is clear that over 100 times more solar photovoltaic energy than necessary is readily accessible and that practically available wind alone may deliver sufficient energy supply to the *** to the intermittency of these sources,effective and inexpensive energy-conversion and storage technology is *** for the possible electrolysis application of reversible solid-oxide cells(RSOCs),including a comparison of power-to-fuel/fuel-to-power to other energy-conversion and storage technologies is *** electrochemistry and chemistry of h_(2)O,CO_(2),h_(2),CO,Cnhm(hydrocarbons)and Nh3,including thermodynamics and cell performance,are *** mechanical strength of popular cell supports is outlined,and newly found stronger materials are *** cell-degradation mechanisms,including the effect of common impurities in gases and materials(such as S and Si),plus the deleterious effects of carbon deposition in the fuel electrode are described followed by explanations of how to avoid or ease the *** of how RSOCs powered by sustainable energy may be applied on a large scale for the transportation sector via power-to-fuel technology and for integration with the electrical grid together with seasonal storage are ***,a brief comparison of RSOCs to other electrolysis cells and an outlook with examples of actions necessary to commercialize RSOC applications are sketched.

关键词： electrolysis fuel cells solid-oxide cells power-to-fuel electrochemical syngas

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Silk-based nerve guidance conduits with macroscopic holes modulate the vascularization of regenerating rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1789-1800页

作者： Carina hromada Patrick heimel Markus Kerbl lászlóGál Sylvia Nürnberger Barbara Schaedl James Ferguson Nicole Swiadek Xavier Monforte Johannes C.heinzel Antal Nógrádi Andreas h.Teuschl-Woller David hercher Department life Science Engineering University of Applied Sciences Technikum WienViennaAustria Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration ViennaAustria ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVAViennaAustria University Clinic of Dentistry Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic SurgeryLandesklinikum Wiener Neustadt2700 Wiener NeustadtAustria Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Medical University of Vienna Department of Orthopedics and Trauma SurgeryDevision of Trauma SurgeryViennaAustria Department of hand- PlasticReconstructive and Burn SurgeryBG Unfallklinik TuebingenUniversity of TuebingenTuebingenGermany

Peripheral nerve injuries induce a severe motor and sensory deficit. Since the availability of autologous nerve transplants for nerve repair is very limited, alternative treatment strategies are sought, including the use of tubular nerve guidance conduits(tNGCs). however, the use of tNGCs results in poor functional recovery and central necrosis of the regenerating tissue, which limits their application to short nerve lesion defects(typically shorter than 3 cm). Given the importance of vascularization in nerve regeneration, we hypothesized that enabling the growth of blood vessels from the surrounding tissue into the regenerating nerve within the tNGC would help eliminate necrotic processes and lead to improved regeneration. In this study, we reported the application of macroscopic holes into the tubular walls of silk-based tNGCs and compared the various features of these improved silk^(+) tNGCs with the tubes without holes(silk^(–) tNGCs) and autologous nerve transplants in an 8-mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. Using a combination of micro-computed tomography and histological analyses, we were able to prove that the use of silk^(+) tNGCs induced the growth of blood vessels from the adjacent tissue to the intraluminal neovascular formation. A significantly higher number of blood vessels in the silk^(+) group was found compared with autologous nerve transplants and silk^(–), accompanied by improved axon regeneration at the distal coaptation point compared with the silk^(–) tNGCs at 7 weeks postoperatively. In the 15-mm(critical size) sciatic nerve defect model, we again observed a distinct ingrowth of blood vessels through the tubular walls of silk^(+) tNGCs, but without improved functional recovery at 12 weeks postoperatively. Our data proves that macroporous tNGCs increase the vascular supply of regenerating nerves and facilitate improved axonal regeneration in a short-defect model but not in a critical-size defect model. This study suggests that further optimizatio

关键词： axon regeneration blood vessel functional recovery macroporous nerve lesion peripheral nerve repair sciatic nerve silk-based nerve guidance conduit vascularization

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Cellulose synthesis in land plants

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Molecular Plant 2023年第7期16卷 206-231页

作者： Gustav B.Pedersen leonard Blaschek Kristian E.h.frandsen lise C.Noack Staffan Persson Copenhagen Plant Science Center(CPSC) Department of Plant&Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871Frederiksberg CDenmark Joint International Research laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion,protection,and a means of directional growth to *** microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these *** biosynthesis of cellulose,which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth’s most abundant biopolymer,is finely attuned to developmental and environmental *** understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in,for example,structural biology and ***,we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure,function,and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory *** aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field,and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.

关键词： plant cell wall cellulose microfibrils cellulose synthases membrane proteins cytoskeleton protein interaction

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Cellulose synthesis in land plants

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 359-361页

作者： Gustav B.Pedersen leonard Blaschek Kristian E.h.frandsen lise C.Noack Staffan Persson 不详

After the original publication of the above article,we and/or attentive readers identified several instances of unclear or erroneous writing that needed correcting,as *** are added for emphasis.

关键词： synthesis instance identif

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Effect of Fe concentration on the nonlinear refraction and reverse saturable absorption in ferroelectric X-cut liNbO_3 crystal

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Chinese Optics letters 2015年第7期13卷 92-95页

作者： h.l.Saadon laser Applications and Optical Materials Group Department of Physics College of ScienceUniversity of Basrah

In this letter, the effects of the iron （Fe） dopant concentration on the nonlinear optical properties of iron-doped ferroelectric X-cut liNbO3 crystals plates are studied by using the Z-scan technique with a cw laser at the wave- length of 532 nm. The amount of iron in the compound is varied from 0 to 0.15 mol%. Measurements of nonlinear refractive index n2 and the nonlinear absorption coefficient β are determined. The sign of the nonlinear refractive index is found to be negative and the magnitude is on the order of 10-s cm2/W. This nonlinear effect increases as the concentration increases from 0 to 0.15 mol%. A good linear relationship is obtained between nonlinear refractive index, nonlinear absorption coefficient, and concentration.

关键词： Fe Effect of Fe concentration on the nonlinear refraction and reverse saturable absorption in ferroelectric X-cut liNbO3 crystal

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Three-dimensional dynamics of supported pipes conveying fluid

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2017年第6期33卷 1065-1074页

作者： l.Wang T.l.Jiang h.l.Dai Department of Mechanics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China hubei Key laboratory for Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment Wuhan 430074 China

This paper deals with the three-dimensional dynamics and postbuckling behavior of flexible supported pipes conveying fluid, considering flow velocities lower and higher than the critical value at which the buckling instability occurs. In the case of low flow velocity, the pipe is stable with a straight equilibrium position and the dynamics of the system can be examined using linear theory. When the flow velocity is beyond the critical value, any motions of the pipe could be around the postbuckling configuration(non-zero equilibrium position) rather than the straight equilibrium position, so nonlinear theory is required. The nonlinear equations of perturbed motions around the postbuckling configuration are derived and solved with the aid of Galerkin discretization. It is found, for a given flow velocity,that the first-mode frequency for in-plane motions is quite different from that for out-of-plane motions. however, the second-or third-mode frequencies for in-plane motions are approximately equal to their counterparts for out-of-plane motions, keeping almost constant values with increasing flow velocity. Moreover, the orientation angle of the postbuckling configuration plane for a buckled pipe can be significantly affected by initial conditions, displaying new features which have not been observed in the same pipe system factitiously supposed to deform in a single plane.

关键词： Pipe conveying fluid Three-dimensional dynamics Instability Natural frequency Postbuckling configuration

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Melting, Oxidation, Evaporation of Particle in-Flight in Plasma Spray Processes

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第z1期19卷 49-52页

作者： h.B.Xiong l.l.Zheng Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794-2300 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering State University of New York at Stony Brook Stony Brook NY 11794-2300 USA

A comprehensive numerical model has been developed to investigate the transient behaviors of particle characteristics, such as temperature, melting, evaporation, and oxidation status during argon-hydrogen DC plasma *** model includes heat, momentum and mass transfer of carrier gas, and particle heating, melting, evaporationand oxidation. Special attentions have been paid to the evaporation-induced mass transfer and oxidation-inducedevaporation as well as variable non-continuum phenomena.

关键词： Melting, Oxidation, Materials processing, Multi-components reacting flow, Computational heat transfer

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Influence of intrinsic parameters on the particle size of magnetic spinel nanoparticles synthesized by wet chemical methods

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Particuology 2016年第3期14卷 32-39页

作者： h. Shokrollahi l. Avazpour Electroceramics Group Department of Materials Science and Engineering Shiraz University of Technology Shiraz 13876-71557 lran Department of Materials Engineering lsfahan University of Technology lsfahan 84156-83111 lran

The synthesis of magnetic spinel ferrites at the nanoscale is a field of intense study, because the meso- scopic properties enable their novel applications. Spinel nanoparticles have a promising role because of their extraordinary properties compared with those of micro and macro scale particles. Several colloidal chemical synthetic procedures have been developed to produce monodisperse nanoparticles of spinel let- rites and other materials using sol-gel, co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and microemulsion techniques. To improve the synthesis method and conditions, quality and productivity of these nanoparticles, understanding the effect of extrinsic （ph, temperature, and molecular concentration） and intrinsic parameters （site preferences, latent heat, lattice parameters, electronic configuration, and bonding energy） on the particle size during synthesis is crucial. In this review, we discuss the effect of the intrinsic parameters on particle size of spinel ferrites to provide an insight to control their particle size more precisely.

关键词： Magnetic spinel ferrite NanoparticleInternal parameterWet chemical methods Particle size

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Activation characteristics of candidate structural materials for a near-term Indian fusion reactor and the impact of their impurities on design considerations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第6期20卷 186-193页

作者： h l SWAMI C DANANI A K ShAW Institute for Plasma Research Gandhinagar Gujarat 382428 India homi Bhabha National Institute (hBNI) Anushaktinagar Mumbai 400094 India

Activation analyses play a vital role in nuclear reactor *** analyses,along with nuclear analyses,provide important information for nuclear safety and maintenance *** analyses also help in the selection of materials for a nuclear reactor,by providing the radioactivity and dose rate levels after *** information is important to help define maintenance activity for different parts of the reactor,and to plan decommissioning and radioactive waste disposal *** study of activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors or ITER is equally essential,due to the presence of a highenergy neutron environment which makes decisive demands on material *** study comprises two parts; in the first part the activation characteristics,in a fusion radiation environment,of several elements which are widely present in structural materials,are *** reveals that the presence of a few specific elements in a material can diminish its feasibility for use in the nuclear *** second part of the study concentrates on activation analyses of candidate structural materials for near-term fusion reactors and their comparison in fusion radiation *** structural materials selected for this study,***-specific Reduced Activation Ferritic-Martensitic steel（IN-RAFMS）,P91-grade steel,stainless steel 316 lN ITER-grade（SS-316 lN-IG）,stainless steel 316 l and stainless steel 304,are candidates for use in ITER either in vessel components or test blanket *** is also included in this study because of its use for ITER plasma-facing *** study is carried out using the reference parameters of the ITER fusion *** activation characteristics of the materials are assessed considering the irradiation at an ITER equatorial *** presence of elements like Nb,Mo,Co and Ta in a structural material enhance the activity level as well as the dose level,which has an

关键词： activation EASY nuclear safety fusion reactor structural materials

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Guidance on Design of Internet-based Process Control Systems

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自动化学报 2005年第1期31卷 56-63页

作者： S.h.YANG l.YANG ComputerScienceDepartment LoughboroughUniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE113TUUK

Internet-based process control is becoming new generations of control systems, in which the Internet is used as a platform for global remote monitoring and control. The obvious benefit is to enable global collaboration between operators from geographically dispersed locations, data sharing and data provision for remote monitoring and control. however, connection to an open network and the use of universal technology present new problems that did not exist with the conventional design and construction of control systems, such as time delay and data loss in Internet transmission and security. This paper reviews the latest research results and presents design guidance of Internet based monitoring and control systems.

关键词：网络等待时间安全性用户界面设计互联网远程监控

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