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Fish-on-Chips:unveiling neural processing of chemicals in small animals through precise fluidic control

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2351-2353页

作者： Samuel k.h.Sy ho ko Division of Neurology Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Li ka Shing Institute of health Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of EngineeringThe University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong Kong IslandHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Center Hong Kong Science ParkPak Shek KokNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Margaret k.L.Cheung Research Center for Management of Parkinsonism Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Lau Tat-chuen Research Center of Brain Degenerative Diseases in Chinese Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong Special Administrative RegionChina

Precise chemical cue presentation alongside advanced brainwide imaging techniques is important to the study of chemosensory processing in animals.Nevertheless,the dynamic nature of chemical-carrying media,such as water or air,poses a significant challenge for delivering highly-controlled chemical flow to an animal subject.Moreover,contact-based cue manipulation and delivery easily shift the position of the animal subject,which is often undesirable for high-quality brain imaging.Additionally,more advanced interfacing tools that align with the diverse range of body part sizes of an animal,ranging from micrometer-scale neurons to meter-long limbs,are much needed.This is particularly crucial when dealing with dimensions that are beyond the reach of conventional experimental tools.

关键词： dealing precise sizes

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Net effect of air pollution controls on health risk in the Beijing-Tianjin-hebei region during the 2022 winter Olympics and Paralympics

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 560-569页

作者： Changqing Lin Peter k.k.Louie Alexis k.h.Lau Jimmy C.h.Fung Zibing Yuan Minghui Tao Xuguo Zhang Md.Shakhaoat hossain Chengcai Li Xiang Qian Lao Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Environmental Protection Department Hong Kong Government SARHong KongChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Guangdong-hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina Department of Mathematics The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Environment and Energy South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China hubei key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Public health and Informatics Jahangirnagar UniversityDhaka 1342Bangladesh Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Jockey Club School of Public health and Primary Care The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Due to the non-linearity in ozone(O_(3))formation,reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))may increase O_(3) concentration.Given the counteractive O_(3) response to NO_(x) reduction,overall impact of air pollution controls can be ambiguous when the assessments focus on the changes in pollutant concentrations.In this study,a risk-based method was used to gauge the net effect of air pollution controls on mortality risk in the Beijing–Tianjin–hebei(BTh)region during the 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics(WOP).This mega-event presents a unique opportunity to investigate the efficacy of deep cuts in pollutant emissions.Results show that O_(3) concentrations greatly increased as nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))concentrations decreased in the BTh.Due to the active photochemical formations,O_(3) became the dominant pollutant that affected human health during the WOP.Despite the substantial O_(3) increases,the health benefits of NO_(2) reductions overwhelmed the adverse health effects of O_(3) increases in most regions of the BTh(at 81 out of 112 stations).After considering the impacts of particulate matter,the integrated health risk of air pollution mixtures declined almost everywhere in the BTh.Our results underscore the great necessity of changing the assessment paradigm of pollution control from using concentration-based methods to using risk-based methods.Together with the carbon neutrality policy,stringent control of NO_(x)emission from combustion sources is a promising way to achieve synergistic control solutions for air pollution and climate change.

关键词： Ozone Nitrogen dioxide health risk Carbon neutrality Mega-events

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Aqueous-phase reforming of hydroxyacetone solution to bio-based h_(2)over supported Pt catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 777-788页

作者： A.k.k.Vikla k.koichumanova Songbo he k.Seshan Joint International Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands CoRe Pro 9723 BL GroningenThe Netherlands

Aqueous-phase reforming(APR)is an attractive process to produce bio-based hydrogen from waste biomass streams,during which the catalyst stability is often challenged due to the harsh reaction conditions.In this work,three Pt-based catalysts supported on C,AlO(Oh),and ZrO_(2)were investigated for the APR of hydroxyacetone solution in afixed bed reactor at 225℃and 35 bar.Among them,the Pt/C catalyst showed the highest turnover frequency for h_(2)production(TOF of 8.9 molh_(2)molPt^(-1)min^(-1))and the longest catalyst stability.Over the AlO(Oh)and ZrO_(2)supported Pt catalysts,the side reactions consuming h_(2),formation of coke,and Pt sintering result in a low h_(2)production and the fast catalyst deactivation.The proposed reaction pathways suggest that a promising APR catalyst should reform all oxygenates in the aqueous phase,minimize the hydrogenation of the oxygenates,maximize the WGS reaction,and inhibit the condensation and coking reactions for maximizing the hydrogen yield and a stable catalytic performance.

关键词： APR hydroxyacetone TOF Bio-based h_(2) Support effect

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Long Term X-Ray Spectral Variations of the Seyfert-1 Galaxy Mrk 279

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 309-316页

作者： k.Akhila Ranjeev Misra Savithri h.Ezhikode k.Jeena Department of Physics Providence Women's College University of Calicut Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) Department of Physics and Electronics CHRIST (Deemed to be University)

We present the results from a long term X-ray analysis of Mrk 279 during the period 2018–2020. We use data from multiple missions–AstroSat, NuSTAR and XMM-Newton, for the purpose. The X-ray spectrum can be modeled as a double Comptonization along with the presence of neutral Fe kα line emission, at all epochs. We determined the source’s X-ray flux and luminosity at these different epochs. We find significant variations in the source’s flux state. We also investigate the variations in the source’s spectral components during the observation period. We find that the photon index and hence the spectral shape follow the variations only over longer time periods. We probe the correlations between fluxes of different bands and their photon indices, and found no significant correlations between the parameters.

关键词： galaxies: individual (Mrk 335) galaxies: Seyfert X-rays: galaxies

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Response Evaluation Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Unresectable Advanced hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy

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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zhao C.-k. Guan X. Pu Y.-Y. Zhou B.-Y. Wang L.-F. Sun Y.-k. Yin h.-h. Xia h.-S. Wang X. han h. Xu h.-X. Department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in response evaluation for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (hCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TkIs) plus anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. Methods: A prospective cohort of consecutive patients with hCC who received combined TkI/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unresectable hCC between January 2022 and October 2022 was included in this study. The patients underwent unenhanced ultrasound (US) and CEUS examinations before treatment and at follow-up. Changes in the largest diameters of the target tumor on unenhanced US and the largest diameters of the enhancing target tumors on CEUS were evaluated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 with unenhanced US and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) with CEUS and CEMRI/CT were used to assess treatment response. Results: A total of 24 hCC patients (23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, 62.5%; 29 intrahepatic target tumors) were studied. Calculations of degree of necrosis in the target tumors revealed no significant differences between CEUS and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As for the differentiation of responders from non-responders, the agreement between RECIST version 1.1 of unenhanced US and mRECIST-CEUS was poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwhile, there was a high degree of concordance between mRECIST-CEUS and mRECIST-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclusion: CEUS proved to be superior to baseline US and is comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined TkI/anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. © 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic therapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contrast-enhanced ultrasound hepatocellular carcinoma

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Influence of erbium on structural,and charged particles,photons,and neutrons shielding properties of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) perovskite ceramics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第4期42卷 724-732页

作者： M.k.h.hamad Nidal Dwaikat M.h.A.Mhareb M.I.Sayyed R.M.hamad Y.S.M.Alajerami M.A.Almessiere Gameel Saleh Ahmad hussein Alomari k.A.Ziq Department of Basic Sciences School of Social and Basics SciencesAl Hussein Technical UniversityKing Abdullah II St 242Amman11831Jordan Department of Physics College of Engineering and PhysicsInterdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced MaterialsKing Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Department of Physics College of ScienceImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Basic and Applied Scientific Research Center Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP0.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceIsra UniversityAmman11622Jordan Department of Nuclear Medicine Research Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Medical Imaging Department Applied Medical Sciences FacultyAl Azhar University-Gaza CityPo.Box 1277Palestine Department of Biophysics Institute for Research and Medical Consultations(IRMC)Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box1982Dammam 31441Saudi Arabia Department of Biomedical Engineering College of EngineeringImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityPo.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Energy&Minerals Regulatory Commission Amman11821Jordan

Five perovskite ceramics samples of Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) with x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method.The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transforms infrared(FTIR),and UV-Vis spectroscopy.The shielding properties against ionizing radiation were also investigated.The XRD analysis shows the perovskite cubic structure as the major phase in all samples.The FTIR reveals a distinctive band around 614-620 cm^(-1) ascribed to the antisymmetric O-Sn-O vibration.UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to determine the bandgap according to diffuse reflectance,and the results display a fixed enhancement in the bandgap from 3.2 to 3.3 eV for all samples.Gamma-ray shielding properties of the synthesized samples were experimentally measured and compared with XCOM computational results.The relative differences(Δ,%)between experimental and theo retical values are low and fall within the 0.446%-7.10%range.The addition of Er leads to the enhanced density,neutron,and gamma shielding features.In contrast,charged particles’shielding parameters gradually reduce with rising Er contents.These results suggest that Ba_(1-x)Er_(x)SnO_(3) samples can be used in different radiation shielding applications.

关键词： Perovskite Ceramics Gamma ray shielding Mass stopping power Rare earths

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Role of marine natural products in the development of antiviral agents against SARS‑CoV‑2:potential and prospects

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第2期6卷 280-297页

作者： D.P.Nagahawatta N.M.Liyanage Thilina U.Jayawardena h.h.A.C.k.Jayawardhana Seong‑hun Jeong hyung‑Jun kwon You‑Jin Jeon Department of Marine Life Sciences Jeju National UniversityJeju 690-756Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversitédu QuébecàTrois-RivièresTrois-RivièresQC G8Z 4M3Canada Marine Science Institute Jeju National UniversityJeju 63333Republic of Korea Functional Biomaterial Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyJeongeup-siRepublic of Korea

A novel coronavirus,known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has surfaced and caused global concern owing to its ferocity.SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019;however,it was only discovered at the end of the year and was considered a pandemic by the World health Organization.Therefore,the develop-ment of novel potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 and future outbreaks is urgently required.Numerous naturally occurring bioactive substances have been studied in the clinical setting for diverse disorders.The intricate infection and replication mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 offers diverse therapeutic drug targets for developing antiviral medicines by employing natural products that are safer than synthetic compounds.Marine natural products(MNPs)have received increased attention in the development of novel drugs owing to their high diversity and availability.Therefore,this review article investigates the infection and replication mechanisms,including the function of the SARS-CoV-2 genome and structure.Furthermore,we highlighted anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic intervention efforts utilizing MNPs and predicted SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor design.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Marine natural products Drug targets Inhibitors

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Monogenic features of urolithiasis: A comprehensive review

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 169-179页

作者： kyo Chul koo Abdulghafour halawani Victor k.F.Wong Dirk Lange Ben h.Chew Department of Urology Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Urology King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Urological Sciences University of British ColumbiaStone Centre at Vancouver General HospitalVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada

Objective: Urolithiasis formation has been attributed to environmental and dietary factors. however, evidence is accumulating that genetic background can contribute to urolithiasis formation. Advancements in the identification of monogenic causes using high-throughput sequencing technologies have shown that urolithiasis has a strong heritable component.Methods: This review describes monogenic factors implicated in a genetic predisposition to urolithiasis. Peer-reviewed journals were evaluated by a PubMed search until July 2023 to summarize disorders associated with monogenic traits, and discuss clinical implications of identification of patients genetically susceptible to urolithiasis formation.Results: Given that more than 80% of urolithiases cases are associated with calcium accumulation, studies have focused mainly on monogenetic contributors to hypercalciuric urolithiases, leading to the identification of receptors, channels, and transporters involved in the regulation of calcium renal tubular reabsorption. Nevertheless, available candidate genes and linkage methods have a low resolution for evaluation of the effects of genetic components versus those of environmental, dietary, and hormonal factors, and genotypes remain undetermined in the majority of urolithiasis formers.Conclusion: The pathophysiology underlying urolithiasis formation is complex and multifactorial, but evidence strongly suggests the existence of numerous monogenic causes of urolithiasis in humans.

关键词： Gene Genetic expression Inheritance pattern Urolithiasis

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Cost effectiveness of nonpharmacological prevention programs for diabetes:A systematic review of trial-based studies

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 12-21页

作者： Yongyi Xiong Zhaohua huo Samuel Y.S.Wong Benjamin h.k.Yip Jockey Club School of Public health and Primary Care Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Trial-based economic value of prevention programs for diabetes is inexplicit.We aimed to review the cost-effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions to prevent type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)for high-risk people.Six electronic databases were searched up to March 2022.Studies assessing both the cost and health outcomes of nonpharmacological interventions for people at high-risk of T2DM were included.The quality of the study was assessed by the Consolidated health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 checklist.The primary outcome for synthesis was incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICER)for quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),and costs were standardized in 2022 US dollars.Narrative synthesis was performed,considering different types and delivery methods of interventions.Sixteen studies included five based on the US diabetes prevention program(DPP),six on non-DPP-based lifestyle interventions,four on health education,and one on screening plus lifestyle intervention.Compared with usual care,lifestyle interventions showed higher potential of cost-effectiveness than educational interventions.Among lifestyle interventions,DPP-based programs were less cost-effective(median of ICERs:$27,077/QALY)than non-DPP-based programs(median of ICERs:$1395/QALY)from healthcare perspectives,but with larger decreases in diabetes incidence.Besides,the cost-effectiveness of interventions was more possibly realized through the combination of different delivery methods.Different interventions to prevent T2DM in high-risk populations are both cost-effective and feasible in various settings.Nevertheless,economic evidence from low-and middle-income countries is still lacking,and interventions delivered by trained laypersons and combined with peer support sessions or mobile technologies could be potentially a cost-effective solution in such settings with limited resources.

关键词： economic evaluation nonpharmacological interventions pre-diabetes prevention

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hybrid-Vlasov simulation of soft X-ray emissions at the Earth’s dayside magnetospheric boundaries

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 70-88页

作者： M.Grandin h.k.Connor S.hoilijoki M.Battarbee Y.Pfau-kempf U.Ganse k.Papadakis M.Palmroth Department of Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771USA Space and Earth Observation Centre Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland

Solar wind charge exchange produces emissions in the soft X-ray energy range which can enable the study of near-Earth space regions such as the magnetopause,the magnetosheath and the polar cusps by remote sensing techniques.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)and Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)missions aim to obtain soft Xray images of near-Earth space thanks to their Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)instruments.While earlier modeling works have already simulated soft X-ray images as might be obtained by SMILE SXI during its mission,the numerical models used so far are all based on the magnetohydrodynamics description of the space plasma.To investigate the possible signatures of ion-kinetic-scale processes in soft Xray images,we use for the first time a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation of the geospace from the Vlasiator model.The simulation is driven by fast and tenuous solar wind conditions and purely southward interplanetary magnetic field.We first produce global X-ray images of the dayside near-Earth space by placing a virtual imaging satellite at two different locations,providing meridional and equatorial views.We then analyze regional features present in the images and show that they correspond to signatures in soft X-ray emissions of mirrormode wave structures in the magnetosheath and flux transfer events(FTEs)at the magnetopause.Our results suggest that,although the time scales associated with the motion of those transient phenomena will likely be significantly smaller than the integration time of the SMILE and LEXI imagers,mirror-mode structures and FTEs can cumulatively produce detectable signatures in the soft X-ray images.For instance,a local increase by 30%in the proton density at the dayside magnetopause resulting from the transit of multiple FTEs leads to a 12%enhancement in the line-of-sight-and time-integrated soft X-ray emissivity originating from this region.Likewise,a proton density increase by 14%in the magnetosheath associated with mirror-mode structures can resu

关键词： magnetosphere magnetosheath numerical simulation SMILE LEXI soft X-ray emissions hybrid-Vlasov model polar cusp flux transfer events mirror-mode waves

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