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Impact of five annual rounds of mass drug administration with ivermectin on onchocerciasis in Sierra Leone

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 314-325页

作者： joseph B.Koroma Santigie Sesay Abdul Conteh Benjamin Koudou jusufu Paye Mohamed Bah Mustapha Sonnie Mary h.hodges Yaobi Zhang Moses j.Bockarie Family health International(FhI)360 Ghana Country OfficeAccraGhana National Neglected Tropical Disease Control Programme Ministry of Health and SanitationFreetownSierra Leone Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK helen Keller International FreetownSierra Leone helen Keller International Regional Office for AfricaDakarSenegal European&Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership(EDCTP) Medical Research CouncilCape TownSouth Africa

Background:Onchocerciasis is endemic in 12 of the 14 health districts of Sierra *** treatment coverage of community-directed treatment with ivermectin was achieved between 2005 and 2009 after the 11-year civil *** site surveys were conducted in 2010 to evaluate the impact of five annual rounds of ivermectin ***:In total,39 sentinel villages from hyper-and meso-endemic areas across the 12 endemic districts were surveyed using skin snips in *** were analyzed and compared with the baseline data from the same 39 ***:The average microfilaridermia(MF)prevalence across 39 sentinel villages was 53.10%at *** MF prevalence was higher in older age groups,with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years(11.00%)and the highest in the age group of 40-49 years(82.31%).Overall mean MF density among the positives was 28.87 microfilariae(mf)/snip,increasing with age with the lowest in the age group of 1-9 years and the highest in the age group of 40-49 *** had higher MF prevalence and density than *** 2010 after five rounds of mass drug administration,the overall MF prevalence decreased by 60.26%from 53.10%to 21.10%;the overall mean MF density among the positives decreased by 71.29%from 28.87 mf/snip to 8.29 mf/snip;and the overall mean MF density among all persons examined decreased by 88.58%from 15.33 mf/snip to 1.75 mf/*** of 12 endemic districts had>50%reduction in MF *** of 12 districts had≥50%reduction in mean MF density among the ***:A significant reduction of onchocerciasis MF prevalence and mean density was recorded in all 12 districts of Sierra Leone after five annual MDAs with effective treatment *** results suggested that the onchocerciasis elimination programme in Sierra Leone was on course to reach the objective of eliminating onchocerciasis in the country by the year *** MDA with ivermectin should continue in all 12 districts and furthe

关键词： Onchocerciasis Onchocerca volvulus Mass drug administration Community-directed treatment with ivermectin Community-directed drug distributor Skin snip Onchocerciasis-endemic Post-conflict Disease elimination Rapid diagnostic test

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A Tissue Engineering Approachto Site-Specific Reconstruction of Skeletal Structures of the Maxillofacial Region:PartⅡ

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上海口腔医学 2000年第2期9卷 88-93页

作者： Stephen E. Feinberg Scott j. hollister john W. halloran T.M. Gabe Chu Paul h.Krebsbach Associate Professor Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Schools of Dentistry and Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Associate Professor Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics College of Engineering and Department of Surgery School of Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Professor Department of Material Sciences and Engineering College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Post-Doctoral Fellow Department of Material Sciences and Engineering College of Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan Assistant Professor Department of Oral Medicine Pathology and Oncology School of Dentistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan

[See Part I in Shanghai j Stomatol 9(1):34-38,2000]III. An Image-Based Approach to Design and Manufacture of a Site-Specific Bone/Cartilage ConstructOur image-based approach to the design and manufacture of a site-spe... 详细信息

关键词： Site A Tissue Engineering Approachto Site-Specific Reconstruction of Skeletal Structures of the Maxillofacial Region

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MRI在诊断散发性克罗伊茨费尔特-雅各布病中的作用:一项观察者间一致性的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 20-21页

作者： Tschampa h.j. Kallenberg K. Urbach h. 夏峰 Dr.Department of Radiology University of Bonn Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25 D-53105 Bonn Germany

According to the current WhO criteria, technical investigations included in the clinical diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-jakob disease (sCjD) are electroencephalogram (EEG) and CSF-analysis for 14-3-3 proteins. MRI is not a criterion for the diagnosis of sCjD, although typical changes have been described. We investigated the reliability of MRI in the sCjD diagnosis, evaluated MRI sequences and compared MRI with EEG and 14-3-3. This study includes 193 consecutive suspected sCjD patients who had been referred to the German CjD Surveillance Unit from 2001 to 2003. Three observers independently analysed MRI scans, blinded to clinical data. MRI was rated as “typical for sCjD”if increased signal intensity was detected in the caudate nucleus and putamen. We analysed 442 MRI scans [184 T2-weighted sequences, 132 fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences, 75 diffusion-weighted sequences and 51 proton-density weighted sequences]. Inter-observer agreement was 123 of 193 patients or 63.7%(overall κ= 0.53). Sensitivity of MRI in clinically probable or autopsyproven sCjD was 59.7%for Observer 1, 58.3%for Observer 2 and 70.8%for Observer 3; specificity was high (84.2, 89.5 and 81.6%, respectively). Diffusion-weighted sequences best showed the pathologic changes, followed by FLAIR. Periodic sharp and slow wave complexes were detected in the EEG in 32%(sensitivity), the 14-3-3 proteins in CSF were elevated in 91%. We conclude that the detection of hyperintense basal ganglia in MRI helps to improve the clinical diagnosis, and therefore, we propose to incorporate MRI in the diagnostic criteria for sCjD.

关键词： MRI 弥散加权 FLAIR 临床诊断权序列壳核监测单元尾状核基底神经节试验分析

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Enhanced Mass Transfer in Microbubble Driven Airlift Bioreactor for Microalgal Culture

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Engineering（科研） 2013年第9期5卷 735-743页

作者： Kezhen Ying Mahmood K. h. Al-Mashhadani james O. hanotu Daniel j. Gilmour William B. Zimmerman Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Sheffield Sheffield UK Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of Sheffield Sheffield UK

In this study, the effect of microfluidic microbubbles on overall gas-liquid mass transfer (CO2 dissolution and O2 removal) was investigated under five different flow rates. The effect of different liquid substrate on CO2 mass transfer properties was also tested. The results showed that the KLa can be enhanced by either increasing the dosing flowrate or reducing the bubble size;however, increasing the flow rate to achieve a higher KLa would ultimately lower the CO2 capture efficiency. In order to achieve both higher CO2 mass transfer rate and capture efficiency, reducing bubble size (e.g. using microbubbles) has been proved more promising than increasing flow rate. Microbubble dosing with 5% CO2 gas showed improved KLa by 30% -?100% across different flow rates, compared to fine-bubble dosing. In the real algal culture medium, there appears to be two distinct stages in terms of KLa, divided by the ph of 8.4.

关键词： Microbubbles KLa CO2 Capture Algal Culture

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Inverse relationship of interleukin-6 and mast cells in children with inflammatory and non-inflammatory abdominal pain phenotypes

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology 2012年第6期3卷 102-108页

作者： Wendy A henderson Ravi Shankar Tara j Taylor Arseima Y Del Valle-Pinero David E Kleiner Kevin h Kim Nader N Youssef Department of health and human Services Intramural Research Program National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States Department of health and human Services Laboratory of Pathology National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 United States School of Psychology in Education University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 United States Digestive healthcare Center Hillsborough NJ 08844 United States

AIM: To investigate interleukin-6 (IL-6), mast cells, enterochromaffin cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and substance P in the gastrointestinal mucosa of children with abdominal pain. METhODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gas-trointestinal biopsy blocks from patients (n = 48) with non-inflammatory bowel disease (irritable bowel syndrome and functional abdominal pain) and inflammatory bowel disease were sectioned and stained for IL-6, mast cells, enterochromaffin cells, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and substance P. All children had chronic abdominal pain as part of their presenting symptoms. Biopsy phenotype was confirmed by a pathologist, blinded to patient information. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, and independent sample t tests were used to compare differences between the inflammatory and non-inflammatory groups. RESULTS: The cohort (n = 48), mean age 11.9 years (SD = 2.9), 54.2% females, 90% Caucasian, was comprised of a non-inflammatory (n = 26) and an inflammatory (n = 22) phenotype. There was a significant negative correlation between substance P expression and mast cell count (P = 0.05, r = -0.373). Substance P was found to be expressed more often in female patient biopsies and more intensely in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa as compared to the lower mucosa. There were significantly increased gastrointestinal mucosal immunoreactivity to IL-6 (P = 0.004) in the inflammatory phenotype compared to non-inflammatory. Additionally, we found significantly increased mast cells (P = 0.049) in the mucosa of the non-inflammatory phenotype compared to the inflammatory group. This difference was particularly noted in the lower colon biopsies. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study yield preliminary evidence in identifying biomarkers of undiagnosed abdominal pain in children and may suggest candidate genes for future evaluation.

关键词： histopathology Colon Interleukin-6 Mast cells Substance P

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Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Alumina via a Reverse Precipitation Method

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 572-576页

作者： Y.S.Wu j.Ma F.hu M.C.Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China

Mesoporous aluminaΥ-AI203 with high specific surface area and large pore volume is prepared by using a facile reverse precipitation method from sodium aluminate and nitric acid. The effects of terminal ph value, aging time and thermal stability on the characterization of Υ-Al2Oa are studied by means of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） method and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results show that Υ-A1203 with better properties can be obtained by changing the preparation parameters. high BET surface area of 340 m2/g can be obtained by calcining at 500℃ for 4 h with large pore volume of 0.90 cm3/g and average pore size of 7.6 nm. After calcining at 1000°, the surface area is still 86 m2//g and the pore volume is 0.37 cm31/g.

关键词： Mesoporous alumina Reverse precipitation Thermal stability

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优化制动转矩分布以提高四轮驱动混合电动车辆的稳定性(二)

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传动技术 2010年第1期24卷 22-25,30页

作者： D-h Kin j-M Kim S-h hwany h-S Kim 介眉 School of Mechanical Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon

四轮驱动混合电动车辆稳定性控制逻辑建议采用后马达能量回收制动和一个电液制动器(EhB)。采用一个通常的算法,求得能量回收制动和EhB转矩之间最佳的转矩分布。根据已知输入的所要求的偏转转矩和道路摩擦系数,用该通常算法计算出最佳能... 详细信息

四轮驱动混合电动车辆稳定性控制逻辑建议采用后马达能量回收制动和一个电液制动器(EhB)。采用一个通常的算法,求得能量回收制动和EhB转矩之间最佳的转矩分布。根据已知输入的所要求的偏转转矩和道路摩擦系数,用该通常算法计算出最佳能量回收制动转矩和最佳的EhB转矩。基于最佳的制动转矩分布,相应驾驶员转向角和车辆速度,用模糊控制算法,车辆稳定控制逻辑建议形成所要求的偏转转矩,去补偿侧滑角和偏转率的误差。对单车道变更机动性用比较固定能量回收制动和最佳能量回收制动,判断车辆稳定性控制逻辑的性能。由仿真结果可以看到,在满足车辆稳定性的情况下,最佳能量回收制动可以比固定的能量回收制动增大能量回收。

关键词：四轮驱动混合电动车辆能量回收制动车轮稳定性控制

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水杨酸类药理的新进展

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山西医药杂志 1960年第1期 104-106页

作者： M.j.h 史密斯景仑

序言许多植物的树皮、叶子和种子中含有天然的水杨酸类化合物,这些水杨酸类化合物都是最古老的药物。希波克拉底(hippocrates)、塞尔萨斯(CeIsus)和格林(GaIeu)都曾用过含水杨甙的柳树叶,治疗各种溃疡、丹毒和子宫下垂。在中世纪和文艺... 详细信息

序言许多植物的树皮、叶子和种子中含有天然的水杨酸类化合物,这些水杨酸类化合物都是最古老的药物。希波克拉底(hippocrates)、塞尔萨斯(CeIsus)和格林(GaIeu)都曾用过含水杨甙的柳树叶,治疗各种溃疡、丹毒和子宫下垂。在中世纪和文艺复兴时代里,含有水杨酸类的植物在生药中占有很重要的地位。现代水杨酸药物的历史开始于1874年,当时合成了水杨酸,发现了水杨酸的防腐和解热作用,对风湿热特殊疗效也于1876年被公认,同年发现了乙(?)水杨

关键词：风湿热水梅酸类锡酸盐锡化合物皮盾风湿病风湿性疾病激素解热作用脑垂体前叶动物酸衍生物龙胆酸

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Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and h2O2 metabolism

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第7期61卷 803-816页

作者： Francisco j.Corpas Luis A.del Río josé M.Palma Group of Antioxidants Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology Food and Agriculture Department of Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants Estación Experimental del Zaidín CSIC

Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental *** organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress ***,peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferateand also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular *** important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species(RNS and ROS)which generates two key molecules,nitric oxide(NO)and hydrogen peroxide(h2O2).These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins,peptides or fatty *** review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.

关键词： Plant peroxisomes NO h2O2 metabolism

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Comparison of the chloride channel activator lubiprostone and the oral laxative Polyethylene Glycol 3350 on mucosal barrier repair in ischemic-injured porcine intestine

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 6012-6017页

作者： Adam j Moeser Prashant K Nighot Birgit Roerig Ryuji Ueno Anthony T Blikslager Department of Population health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IncBethesda MD 20814United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of lubiprostone and Polyethylene Glycol 3350 （PEG） on mucosal barrier repair in ischernic-injured porcine intestine. METhODS： Ileum from 6 piglets （approximately 15 kg body weight） was subjected to ischemic conditions by occluding the local rnesenteric circulation for 45 min in vivo. Ileal tissues from each pig were then harvested and mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed in oxygenated Ringer＇s solution in vitro. Intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance （TER） and mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of ^3h-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. Statistical analyses of data collected over a 120-min time course included 2-way ANOVA for the effects of time and treatment on indices of barrier function. RESULTS： Application of 1μmol/L lubiprostone to the rnucosal surface of ischemic-injured ileum in vitro induced significant elevations in TER compared to nontreated tissue. Lubiprostone also reduced mucosal-toserosal fluxes of ^3h-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. Alternatively, application of a polyethylene laxative （PEG, 20 rnmol/L） to the mucosal surface of ischernic tissues significantly increased flux of ^3h-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. CONCLUSION： This experiment demonstrates that lubiprostone stimulates recovery of barrier function in ischemic intestinal tissues whereas the PEG laxative had deleterious effects on mucosal repair. These results suggest that, unlike osmotic laxatives, lubiprostone stimulates repair of the injured intestinal barrier.

关键词： Intestinal ischemia Barrier function Permeability Laxative Polyethylene Glycol

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