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A continental back-arc setting for the Namaqua belt:Evidence from the Kakamas Domain

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第4期13卷 193-221页

作者： P.h.Macey R.J.Thomas A.F.M.Kisters J.F.A.diener M.Angombe S.Doggart C.A.Groenewald C.W.Lambert J.A.Miller h.Minnaar h.Smith h.F.G.Moen E.Muvangua A.Nguno G.Shifotoka J.Indongo D.Frei C.Spencer P.le Roux R.A.Armstrong C.Tinguely Council for Geoscience P.O.Box 572BellvilleSouth Africa Department of Geology University of StellenboschSouth Africa Department of Geological Sciences University of Cape TownSouth Africa Geological Survey of Namibia WindhoekNamibia Department of Geology University of Free StateSouth Africa Department of Earth Sciences University of the Western CapeSouth Africa The Institute of Geoscience Research Dept.Applied GeologyCurtin UniversityPerthAustralia Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonCanada Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottingham NG125GGUK RSES Australian NationalUniversityCanberraACTAustralia

A study of the NW Kakamas Domain in South Africa/Namibia provides a new,unified lithostratigraphy and evolutionary history applicable to the whole Namaqua *** Mesoproterozoic history ranges from~1350 Ma to 960 Ma,but isotopic evidence suggests it was built upon pre-existing Paleoproterozoic continental crust that extended west from the Archaean *** eastern Namaqualand,early rift-related magmatism and sedimentation at~1350 Ma occurred in a confined ocean *** tectonic reversal and subduction at~1290–1240 Ma led to establishment of the Areachap,Konkiep and Kaaien *** the Kakamas Domain,widespread deposition of pelitic sediments occurred at~1220 Ma(Narries Group).These contain detrital zircons derived from proximal crust with ages between~2020 Ma and 1800 Ma(western Palaeoproterozoic domains)and 1350–1240 Ma(eastern early Namaqua domains),suggesting pre-sedimentation *** pelites underwent granulite grade metamorphism at~1210 Ma(peak conditions:4.5–6 kbar and 770–850°C),associated with voluminous,predominantly S-type granitoid orthogneisses between~1210 Ma and 1190 Ma(Eendoorn and ham River Suites)and low-angle ductile(D_(2))deformation which continued until~1110 Ma,interspersed with periods of *** enduring P-T regime is inconsistent with the expected crustal over-thickening associated with the generally-accepted collision-accretion Namaqualand ***,we propose the Namaqua Sector is a‘hot orogen’developed in a wide continental back-arc with subduction west of the present-day *** observed high geotherm resulted from thinned back-arc lithosphere accompanied by an influx of mantle-derived *** D_(2)deformation resulted from"bottom-driven"tectonics and viscous drag within the crust by convective flow in the underlying asthenospheric *** extended tectonothermal regime ceased at~1110 Ma when SW-directed thrusting stacked the Namaqua Domains into their current positions,constrained in

关键词： Kakamas Namaqua Geodynamics Geochronology hot orogeny Mesoproterozoic

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脑血管病的危险因素及其预防

德国医学 1997年第2期14卷 112-113页

作者： h.C.diener 朱学海 Neurologische Universittslink Hufelandstr.55D-45122 EssenGermany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

外周动脉闭塞性疾病的主要因素是吸烟与糖尿病,高血压尚为次要危险因素。而脑血管病的主要危险因素则是高血压,其它因素如心源性栓子、动脉狭窄、高胆固醇血症也较重要。现对脑血管病,主要是脑卒中的一级预防和二级预防的研究综述如下。

关键词：脑血管疾病危险因素预防

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慢性头痛和偏头痛的治疗

德国医学 1996年第2期13卷 86-88页

作者： h.-C.diener A.May 李小刚 Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie der Universitt-Gesamt-hochschule hufelandstr.55 D-45122 EssenGermany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

本综述旨在为内科医生提供治疗和预防慢性头痛的指南,其先决条件是头痛的正确诊断。偏头痛定义偏头痛常有家族性,好发于女性,特别是已婚妇女,呈阵发性搏动或跳动,单侧多于双侧。典型伴发症状是对光和声音敏感、恶心和呕吐。

关键词：头痛偏头痛药物疗法

噻氯匹定(Ticlopidin):缺血性脑梗塞的二级预防

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德国医学 1994年第3期11卷 155-156页

作者： h.C.diener C.Weiller 郭志凌 Neurologisehe Universittsklinik Essen Hufelandstr.55D-45122 EssenGermany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

临床存在的问题目前临床上已开展对曾发生过短暂脑血流紊乱或卒中的患者行药物二级预防治疗。也就是用血小板功能抑制剂(TFh)或抗凝剂,以阻止卒中或心肌梗塞再发,此外,也须治疗引起卒中的主要危险因素高血压。大样本随机临床研究表明,T... 详细信息

临床存在的问题目前临床上已开展对曾发生过短暂脑血流紊乱或卒中的患者行药物二级预防治疗。也就是用血小板功能抑制剂(TFh)或抗凝剂,以阻止卒中或心肌梗塞再发,此外,也须治疗引起卒中的主要危险因素高血压。大样本随机临床研究表明,TFh 可预防短暂性脑缺血发生(TIA)或卒中的复发。它可使血管性疾患如心肌梗塞。

关键词：噻氯匹定脑栓塞预防缺血性

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中风病人的溶栓治疗

德国医学 1999年第3期16卷 133-135页

作者： h.C.diener W.hacke 施琪嘉 Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie der Universitt hufelandstr.55 D-45122 EssenGermany 同济医科大学附属同济医院

急性心肌梗塞病人的溶栓治疗临床上已很成熟,该方法临床运用时的危险性、适应证和禁忌证已众所周知。而对缺血性卒中的病人作溶栓治疗则处于开始阶段。本文将要介绍在急性缺血性梗塞时所常用的几个溶栓制剂。急性缺血性梗塞使用溶栓... 详细信息

急性心肌梗塞病人的溶栓治疗临床上已很成熟,该方法临床运用时的危险性、适应证和禁忌证已众所周知。而对缺血性卒中的病人作溶栓治疗则处于开始阶段。本文将要介绍在急性缺血性梗塞时所常用的几个溶栓制剂。急性缺血性梗塞使用溶栓治疗的目的在于尽早恢复脑血流,以减少由缺血引起的脑组织损害。

关键词：中风溶栓疗法疗效

托吡酯对偏头痛的长期预防作用:Pivotal试验的开放标记扩展研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册) 2006年第12期 52-53页

作者： Rapoport A. Mauskop A. diener h.-C. 朱振中 Dr.New England Center for headache PC778 Long Ridge RoadStamfordCT 06902-1251United States

Objective.-To demonstrate that topiramate is an effective and generally well-tolerated migraine preventive therapy when used for up to 14 ***.-Topiramate 100 and 200 mg/d significantly reduced mean monthly migraine frequency during 2 large,26-week,randomized,placebo-controlled *** a small number of clinical trials have examined the long-term(≥1 year)effectiveness and safety of migraine preventive ***.-Five hundred sixty-seven patients with an established history of migraine with or without aura were enrolled in this 8-month,open-label extension of 2 large(49 US and 52 US and Canadian medical centers),randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel group,26-week trials of identical *** be eligible for the open-label extension,patients were required to have either completed the double-blind phase of the 2 pivotal migraine prevention trials or withdrew after 4 weeks due to lack of *** eligible patients,regardless of type or dose of study medication(topiramate or placebo)received in the double-blind phase,were titrated to a clinically effective dose of open-label topiramate based on physician judgment of patient *** of topiramate was measured as the change in mean monthly migraine ***.-The mean topiramate dose during the open-label extension phase was 124.7 mg/d and 150.3 mg/d for patients on placebo(n = 159)or topiramate(n = 408),respectively,during the double-blind phase(N = 567,91%female,mean age 39.4 years).Patients on topiramate for up to 14 months had 2.2 ±2.4(mean ±SD)migraines per month after completion of the open-label extension phase(3.4 ±2.6 at double-blind endpoint).Patients on topiramate during the open-label extension phase only(placebo during the double-blind phase)had 3.0 ±2.9 migraines per month at open-label extension endpoint(4.9 ±3.0 migraines per month at double-blind endpoint).Discontinuation rates due to adverse events during the double-blind phase were 22.2%for pa

关键词：偏头痛患者脑病托吡酯妥泰 Pivotal

氯吡格雷单用及与阿司匹林联用对新发缺血性脑卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作高危患者的影响:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 4-5页

作者： diener P.h.-C. Bogousslavsky P.J. Brass P.L.M. 黄卫东 Department of Neurology University of Essen Hufelandstrasse 55 45122 Essen Germany

Background Clopidogrel was superior to aspirin in patients with previous manifestations of atherothrombotic disease in the CAPRIE study and its benefit was amplified in some high risk subgroups of patients. We aimed to assess whether addition of aspirin to clopidogrel could have a greater benefit than clopidogrel alone in prevention of vascular events with potentially higher bleeding risk. Methods We did a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial to compare aspirin (75 mg/day) with placebo in 7599 high risk patients with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack and at least one additional vascular risk factor who were already receiving clopidogrel 75 mg/day. Duration of treatment and follow up was 18 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death, or rehospitalisation for acute ischaemia (including rehospitalisation for transient ischaemic attack, angina pectoris, or worsening of peripheral arterial disease). Analysis was by intention to treat, using logrank test and a Cox’ s proportional hazards model. Findings 596 (15.7% ) patients reached the primary endpoint in the group receiving aspirin and clopidogrel compared with 636 (16.7% ) in the clopidogrel alone group (relative risk reduction 6.4% , [95% CI - 4.6 to 16.3]; absolute risk reduction 1% [- 0.6 to 2.7]). Life threatening bleedings were higher in the group receiving aspirin and clopidogrel versus clopidogrel alone (96 vs 49 ; absolute risk increase 1.3% [95% CI 0.6 to 1.9]). Major bleedings were also increased in the group receiving aspirin and clopidogrel but no difference was recorded in mortality. Interpretation Adding aspirin to clopidogrel in high risk patients with recent ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack is associated with a non significant difference in reducing major vascular events. however, the risk of life threatening or major bleeding is increased by the addition of aspirin.

关键词：缺血性脑卒中安慰剂对照绝对危险性血栓性疾病出血发生率致命性大出血外周动脉疾病相对危险性黄卫东急性缺血

对舒马普坦治疗反应的预测:舒马普坦和那拉曲坦集合患者数据库

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第1期1卷 54-54页

作者： Christoph.diener h. Ferrari M. Mansbach h. 高方 Dept. of Neurology University of Essen Hufelandstr. 55 45147 Essen Germany Dr.

Objective: The efficacy and tolerability profiles of sumatriptan and other 5hT1B/1D agonists (triptans) have been well established. however, the determinants for optimal response to sumatriptan are unknown. The Sumatriptan Naratriptan Aggregate Patient (SNAP) database contains data from 128 clinical trials including 28,407 migraine sufferers treating over 130,000 attacks. The authors analyzed these data to identify factors predicting response (headache relief and pain free response) to sumatriptan. Methods: The authors assessed 24 possible univariate predictors of headache response in 3,706 patients (18 years and older) receiving sumatriptan tablets 100 mg or placebo in a double blind study using recursive partitioning and logistic regression techniques. Results: The authors found seven predictors of headache relief 2 hours postdose. Moderate pain at baseline was the strongest predictor (adjusted p = 3.32× 10- 18), followed by absence of a disability requiring bedrest (adjusted p = 3.11 × 10- 18). Other predictors included absence at baseline of vomiting, pulsating pain, nausea, or photophobia/ phonophobia, and onset of headache during daytime hours. Logistic regression confirmed that treatment with sumatriptan was the strongest predictor of headache relief, with significant baseline covariates being pain severity, level of disability, and presence or absence of vomiting. A similar pattern of results was reported for predictors of pain free response 2 hours after taking sumatriptan. Conclusions: Pretreatment pain seve rity is themost important predicting factor for response to sumatriptan in migraine attacks: the lower baseline severity, the better.

关键词：舒马普坦拉曲递归分区受体激动剂临床试验偏头痛患者痛反应色胺基线水平双盲试验

阿莫曲坦治疗口服舒马曲坦疗效差的偏头痛患者:一项双盲随机试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 26-26页

作者： diener h.-C. Gendolla A. Gebert I. Beneke M. 邓剑平 Dr.Department of Neurology University Essen Hufelandstr 55 D-45122 Essen Germany

Objective. -To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of almotriptan 12.5 mg in migraine patients who respond poorly to sumatriptan 50 mg. Background. -Poor response to sumatriptan therapy for acute migraine attacks has been documented in the literature, but few controlled trials have investigated the efficacy of an alternative triptan in this subgroup of patients. Methods. -Patients with an International headache Society diagnosis of migraine who self-described as experiencing at least two unsatisfactory responses to sumatriptan treated their first migraine attack with open-label sumatriptan 50 mg. Patients who did not achieve 2-hour pain relief (improvement of headache from moderate/severe to mild/no headache) were then randomized to treat their second attack with almotriptan 12.5 mg or placebo under double-blind conditions. Results. -In the first attack, 221 of 302 participants (73%) did not achieve 2-hour pain relief with sumatriptan and were randomized to treatment of their second attack with almotriptan 12.5 mg or placebo. Of the 198 sumatriptan nonresponders who treated their second attack (99 almotriptan; 99 placebo), 70%had severe headache pain at baseline. Two-hour pain-relief rates were significantly higher with almotriptan compared to placebo (47.5%vs 23.2%; P hours (33.3%vs 14.1%; P he second attack, 7.1%of patients in the almotriptan group experienced adverse events compared to 5.1%in the placebo group (P=.77). Conclusions. -Almotriptan 12.5 mg is an effective and well-tolerated alternative for patients who respond poorly to sumatriptan 50 mg. A poor response to one triptan does not predict a poor response to other agents in that class.

关键词：偏头痛患者舒马曲坦莫曲曲坦类药物双盲随机国际头痛协会安慰剂疼痛率严重头痛疼痛缓解率