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hepatitis B virus genotypes in precision medicine of hepatitis Brelated hepatocellular carcinoma:Where we are now

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1103页

作者： caecilia h c Sukowati Sri Jayanti Turyadi Turyadi David h Muljono claudio Tiribelli Eijkman Research center for Molecular Biology Research Organization for HealthNational Research and Innovation Agency of IndonesiaJakarta 10340Indonesia Liver cancer Unit Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUSTrieste 34149Italy Faculty of Medicine Hasanuddin UniversityMakassar 90245South SulawesiIndonesia Faculty of Medicine and health University of SydneySydney 2050Australia

hepatitis B virus(hBV)infection is a major player in chronic hepatitis B that may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma(hcc).hBV genetics are diverse where it is classified into at least 9 genotypes(A to I)and 1 putative genotype(J),each with specific geographical distribution and possible different clinical outcomes in the patient.This diversity may be associated with the precision medicine for hBV-related hcc and the success of therapeutical approaches against hcc,related to different pathogenicity of the virus and host response.This Editorial discusses recent updates on whether the classification of hBV genetic diversity is still valid in terms of viral oncogenicity to the hcc and its precision medicine,in addition to the recent advances in cellular and molecular biology technologies.

关键词： hepatitis B virus hepatocellular carcinoma Genotypes Pathogenesis Precision medicine

construction of conservative Numerical Fluxes for the Entropy Split Method

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communications on Applied Mathematics and computation 2023年第2期5卷 653-678页

作者： Björn Sjögreen h.c.Yee Multid Analyses AB GothenburgSweden NASA Ames Research center Moffett FieldCA 94035USA

The entropy split method is based on the physical entropies of the thermally perfect gas Euler equations.The Euler flux derivatives are approximated as a sum of a conservative portion and a non-conservative portion in conjunction with summation-by-parts(SBP)difference boundary closure of(Gerritsen and Olsson in J comput Phys 129:245-262,1996;Olsson and Oliger in RIAcS Tech Rep 94.01,1994;Yee et al.in J comp Phys 162:33-81,2000).Sj?green and Yee(J Sci comput)recently proved that the entropy split method is entropy conservative and stable.Stand-ard high-order spatial central differencing as well as high order central spatial dispersion relation preserving(DRP)spatial differencing is part of the entropy stable split methodol-ogy framework.The current work is our first attempt to derive a high order conservative numerical flux for the non-conservative portion of the entropy splitting of the Euler flux derivatives.Due to the construction,this conservative numerical flux requires higher oper-ations count and is less stable than the original semi-conservative split method.however,the Tadmor entropy conservative(Ec)method(Tadmor in Acta Numerica 12:451-512,2003)of the same order requires more operations count than the new construction.Since the entropy split method is a semi-conservative skew-symmetric splitting of the Euler flux derivative,a modified nonlinear filter approach of(Yee et al.in J comput Phys 150:199-238,1999,J comp Phys 162:3381,2000;Yee and Sj?green in J comput Phys 225:910934,2007,high Order Filter Methods for Wide Range of compressible flow Speeds.Proceedings of the IcOSAhOM09,June 22-26,Trondheim,Norway,2009)is proposed in conjunction with the entropy split method as the base method for problems containing shock waves.Long-time integration of 2D and 3D test cases is included to show the com-parison of these new approaches.

关键词： Finite-difference method Entropy conservation Entropy splitting Shock capturing

Laser additive manufacturing of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications: A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第4期10卷 915-937页

作者： c.L.Wu W.J.Xie h.c.Man Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Metallic implants are widely used in internal fixation of bone fracture in surgical treatment.They are mainly used for providing mechanical support and stability during bone reunion,which usually takes a few months to complete.conventional implants made of stainless steels,Ti-based alloys and cocrMo alloys have been widely used for orthopedic reconstruction due to their high strength and high corrosion resistance.Such metallic implants will remain permanently inside the body after implantation,and a second surgery after bone healing is needed because the long-term presence of implant will lead to various problems.An implant removal surgery not only incurs expenditure,but also risk and psychological burden.As a consequence,studies on the development of biodegradable implants,which would degrade and disappear in vivo after bone reunion is completed,have drawn researchers’attention.In this connection,Mg-based alloys have shown great potentials as promising implant materials mainly due to their low density,inherent biocompatibility,biodegradability and mechanical properties close to those of bone.however,the high degradation rate of Mg-based implants in vivo is the biggest hurdle to overcome.Apart from materials selection,a fixation implant is ideally tailor-made in size and shape for an individual case,for best surgical outcomes.Therefore,laser additive manufacturing(LAM),with the advent of sophisticated laser systems and software,is an ideal process to solve these problems.In this paper,we reviewed the progress in LAM of biodegradable Mg-based alloys for biomedical applications.The effect of powder properties and laser processing parameter on the formability and quality was thoroughly discussed.The microstructure,phase constituents and metallurgical defects formed in the LAMed samples were delineated.The mechanical properties,corrosion resistance,biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of the LAMed samples were summarized and compared with samples fabricated by traditional processes.In addition,we have made s

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing Magnesium alloys Implant Biomedical applications Mechanical properties Biodegradability

A stable cS-FEM for the static and seismic stability of a single square tunnel in the soil where the shear strength increases linearly with depth

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第4期14卷 1253-1265页

作者： h.c.Nguyen L.Nguyen-Son Department of civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonUK Department of civil Engineering and Industrial Design University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK Faculty of civil Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology(HUTECH)Ho Chi Minh CityViet Nam

A numerical procedure using a stable cell-based smoothed finite element method(cS-FEM)is presented for estimation of stability of a square tunnel in the soil where the shear strength increases linearly with depth.The kinematically admissible displacement fields are approximated by uniform quadrilateral elements in conjunction with the strain smoothing technique,eliminating volumetric locking issues and the singularity associated with the Mohrecoulomb model.First,a rich set of simulations was performed to compute the static stability of a square tunnel with different geometries and soil conditions.The presented results are in excellent agreement with the upper and lower bound solutions using the standard finite element method(FEM).The stability charts and tables are given for practical use in the tunnel design,along with a newly proposed formulation for predicting the undrained stability of a single square tunnel.Second,the seismic stability number was computed using the present numerical approach.Numerical results reveal that the seismic stability number reduces with an increasing value of the horizontal seismic acceleration(a_(h)),for both cases of the weightless soil and the soil with unit weight.Third,the link between the static and seismic stability numbers is described using corrective factors that represent reductions in the tunnel stability due to seismic loadings.It is shown from the numerical results that the corrective factor becomes larger as the unit weight of soil mass increases;however,the degree of the reduction in seismic stability number tends to reduce for the case of the homogeneous soil.Furthermore,this advanced numerical procedure is straightforward to extend to three-dimensional(3D)limit analysis and is readily applicable for the calculation of the stability of tunnels in highly anisotropic and heterogeneous soils which are often encountered in practice.

关键词： Tunnels Stability Limit analysis cell-based smoothed finite element method (cS-FEM) Second-order cone programming(SOcP)

The use of the node-based smoothed finite element method to estimate static and seismic bearing capacities of shallow strip footings

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 180-196页

作者： h.c.Nguyen T.Vo-Minh Department of civil and environmental engineering imperial college londonuk Department of civil engineering and industrial design university of liverpoolliverpooluk Faculty of civil engineering ho chi minh city university of technology(hutech)ho chi minh cityviet nam

The node-based smoothed finite element method(NS-FEM)is shortly presented for calculations of the static and seismic bearing capacities of shallow strip footings.A series of computations has been performed to assess variations in seismic bearing capacity factors with both horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations.Numerical results obtained agree very well with those using the slip-line method,revealing that the magnitude of the seismic bearing capacity is highly dependent upon the combinations of various directions of both components of the seismic acceleration.An upward vertical seismic acceleration reduces the seismic bearing capacity compared to the downward vertical seismic acceleration in calculations.In addition,particular emphasis is placed on a separate estimation of the effects of soil and superstructure inertia on each seismic bearing capacity component.While the effect of inertia forces arising in the soil on the seismic bearing capacity is non-trivial,and the superstructure inertia is the major contributor to reductions in the seismic bearing capacity.Both tables and charts are given for practical application to the seismic design of the foundations.

关键词： Limit analysis Node-based smoothed finite element method(NS-FEM) Second-order cone programming(SOcP) Seismic bearing capacity Strip footing

Model-based adaptive locomotion and clustering control of microparticles through ultrasonic topological charge modulation

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2023年第4期44卷 623-640页

作者： h.S.LEE h.X.cAO D.JUNG c.S.KIM School of Mechanical Engineering Chonnam National UniversityGwangju 61186South Korea Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics Gwangju 61011South Korea

We present a novel motion control technique for microrobot clusters to exploit the characteristics of the ultrasonic field.The method comprises two steps,i.e.,introducing an ultrasonic actuation(UA)linear model for three-dimensional(3D)locomotion and controlling the topological charge(Tc)in the ultrasonic vortex for microrobot clustering.here,the Tc is a controllable parameter for the expansion and contraction of the pressure null space inside the vortex.We present a Tc control method to cluster sporadically distributed microrobots in a specific workspace.To validate the concept,a UA system composed of 30 ultrasonic transducers with 1 Mhz frequency is fabricated,and the characteristics of the generated acoustic pressure field are analyzed through simulations.Subsequently,the performances of the adaptive controller for precise 3D locomotion and the Tc control method for clustering are evaluated.Finally,the UA technology,which performs both clustering and locomotion in a complex manner,is validated with a gelatin phantom in an in-vitro environment.

关键词： ultrasonic actuation(UA) topological charge(Tc) adaptive control particle manipulation

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商务英语热点专题阅读100篇

A numerical study on the influence of grain boundary oxides on dwell fatigue crack growth of a nickel-based superalloy

丛书名：白领英语手边书丛书

2012年

作者： Elliott bernstein 刘佳静

本书选取的100篇文章，涉及国际商务的各个领域，涵盖了管理、营销、贸易、财会、人力资源、法律等20多个主题，每个主题下有四五篇文章，体现了各个主题较有代表性的单词和词组。

ISBN: (纸本)9787565606939

关键词：商务

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第9期104卷 224-235页

作者： c.Z.Fang h.c.Basoalto M.J.Anderson h.Y.Li S.J.Williams P.Bowen Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldMappin StSheffield S13JDUK School of Metallurgy and Materials University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK Institute of Structural Materials Swansea UniversitySwansea SA18ENUK

A theoretical treatment on the oxide-controlled dwell fatigue crack growth of aγ'strengthened nickelbased superalloys is presented.In particular,this study investigates the influence of an externally applied load and variations in theγ'dispersion on the grain boundary oxide growth kinetics.A dislocation-based viscoplastic constitutive description for high temperature deformation is used to simulate the stress state evolution in the vicinity of a crack at elevated temperature.The viscoplastic model explicitly accounts for multimodalγ'particle size distributions.A multicomponent mass transport formulation is used to simulate the formation/evolution of an oxide wedge ahead of the crack tip,where stress-assisted vacancy diffusion is assumed to operate.The resulting set of constitutive and mass transport equations have been implemented within a finite element scheme.comparison of predicted compositional fields across the matrix/oxide interface are compared with experiments and shown to be in good agreement.Simulations indicate that the presence of a fineγ'size distribution has a strong influence on the predicted ow stress of the material and consequently on the relaxation in the vicinity of the crack-tip/oxide wedge.It is shown that a unimodal dispersion leads to reduced oxide growth rates(parabolic behavior)when compared to a bimodal one.Stability conditions for oxide formation are investigated and is associated with the prediction of compressive stresses within the oxide layer just ahead of the crack tip,which become progressively negative as the oxide wedge develops.however,mechanical equilibrium requirements induce tensile stresses at the tip of the oxide wedge,where failure of the oxide is predicted.The time taken to reach this critical stress for oxide failure has been calculated,from which dwell crack growth rates are computationally derived.The predicted rates are shown to be in good agreement with available experimental data.

关键词： Nickel based superalloy Dwell crack growth Gamma prime creep Oxidation Dislocation-based modeling Multicomponent diffusion Finite element method

Data and subject heterogeneity and data sharing:keys to translational success in spinal cord injury research?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1730-1731页

作者： Karim Fouad Olivia h.Wireman John c.Gensel Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Physical TherapyNeuroscience and Mental Health InstituteUniversity of AlbertaAlbertaCanada Spinal cord and Brain Injury Research center(ScoBIRc) Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Kentucky College of MedicineLexingtonKYUSA

Spinal cord injury(ScI)is a highly devastating and com plex inj u ry with many seconda ry consequences.Finding a treatment for ScI has been a rollercoaster ride through exciting peaks and sobering valleys.As a matter ... 详细信息

关键词： damage treatment ScI