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Modeling West Nile Virus transmission in birds and humans:Advantages of using a cellular automata approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第1期9卷 278-297页

作者： baki Cissé David R.Lapen KChalvet-Monfray Nicholas h.Ogden Antoinette Ludwig Public health Sciences Division National Microbiology LaboratoryPublic Health Agency of CanadaSt-HyacintheCanada Groupe de Recherche enÉpidémiologie des Zoonoses et SantéPublique(GREZOSP) Facultéde Médecine VétérinaireUniversitéde MontréalSaint-HyacintheQuébecCanada Ottawa Research and Development Centre Science and Technology BranchAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaK1A 0C6Canada Universitéde Lyon INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIAMarcy l’EtoileFrance UniversitéClermont Auvergne INRAEVetAgro SupUMR EPIASaint-Genès-ChampanelleFrance

In Canada,the periodic circulation of West Nile Virus(WNV)is difficult to predict and,beyond climatic factors,appears to be related to the migratory movements of infected birds from the southern United *** hypothesis has not yet been explored in a spatially distributed *** main objective of this work was to develop a spatially explicit dynamic model for the transmission of WNV in Canada,that allows us to explore non-climate related hypotheses associated with WNV transmission.A Cellular Automata(CA)approach for multiple hosts(birds and humans)is used for a test region in eastern Ontario,*** tool is designed to explore the role of host and vector spatial heterogeneity,host migration,and vector feeding *** developed a spatialized compartmental SEIRDS-SEI model for WNV transmission with a study region divided into 4 rectangular *** used 2010–2021 bird data from the eBird project and 2010–2019 mosquito data collected by Ontario Public health to mimic bird and mosquito seasonal *** considered heterogeneous bird densities(high and low suitability areas)and homogeneous mosquito and human *** high suitability areas for birds,we identified 5 entry points for WNV-infected *** compared our simulations with pools of WNV-infected field collected *** and sensitivity analyses were performed using MATLAB *** results showed good correspondence between simulated and observed epidemics,supporting the validity of our model assumptions and *** analysis showed that a 5%increase or decrease in each parameter of our model except for the biting rate of bird by mosquito(c^(B,M)and mosquito natural mortality rate(d^(M)),had a very limited effect on the total number of cases(newly infected birds and humans),prevalence peak,or date of *** demonstrate the utility of the CA approach for studying WNV transmission in a heterogeneous landscape with multiple hosts.

关键词： Cellular automata Mosquito-borne diseases SEIRDS-SEI modeling West Nile Virus

The rigorous adjustment of the global mean sea level budget during 2005-2015

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2021年第3期12卷 175-180页

作者： h.Bâki iz T.Y.Yang C.K.Shum Division of Geodetic Science School of Earth SciencesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA

Global mean sea level budget is rigorously adjusted during the period *** emphasis is to provide the best estimates for the linear rates of changes(trends)of the global mean sea level budget components during this period subject to the constraint:Earth’s hydrosphere conserves *** newly simultaneously adjusted trends of the budget components suggest a larger correction for the global mean sea level trend implicated by the other budget components’trends under the budget *** simultaneous estimation of the linear trends of the budget components subject to the constraint for closure improves their uncertainties and enables a holistic assessment of the global mean sea budget,which has implications for future sea level science studies,including the future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Assessment Reports,and the US Climate Assessment Reports.

关键词： Climate change Misclosure Global mean sea level Rigorous adjustment

ThE STOChASTIC ESTIMATION OF SATELLITE CLOCK CORRECTION INFORMATION IN WADGPS

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2000年第1期3卷 66-69页

作者： hseyin Bki iz GE Maorong Esmond Mok

Using autocorrelation information of the pseudorange errors generated by se- lective availability (SA) frequency dithering, we have constructed a simple first order stochas- tic model for SA effects. This model has been used in a Kalman filter to account for the stochastic behavior of SA dithering in estimating satellite clock information in wide area dif- ferential GPS. We have obtained fifteen percent improvement in the user positioning using the correlation information on the satellite clock information in a Kalman filter, when comparing the results obtained using a regular least square estimation.

关键词： stochastic model wide area differential GPS(WADGPS) selective availability

Cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of naringenin-oxime relative to naringenin on normal and cancer cell lines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 872-880页

作者： Abdurrahim Kocyigit Ismail Koyuncu Murat Dikilitas Fatemeh Bahadori baki Turkkan Department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Bezmialem Vakif University Department of Biology Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harran University Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture Harran University Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Bezmialem Vakif University Department of Chemistry Faculty of Arts and Sciences Harran University

Objective: To assess and compare the cytotoxic, genotoxic, apoptotic and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generating effects of naringenin(NG) and its new derived compound naringenin-oxime(NG-Ox) on MCF-7, hT-29, PC-12 cancer and L-929 normal cell ***: The cells were incubated with different doses of NG-Ox and NG(50–1 000 mmol/L) for 24 h. The cell viability was assessed based on ATP cell viability *** accumulation of ROS was determined using the fluorescent probes 2070-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay(comet assay) and, the apoptotic effect was evaluated by acridine orange staining at below the IC50 ***: Both NG-Ox and NG exhibited cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects and resulted in increased ROS values in a dose-dependent manner. The effects were more pronounced on cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic effects of NG-Ox were higher than that of NG in all cell lines. Significant correlations were observed between cell viability, DNA damage, apoptosis and ROS, in all cell lines exposed to either NG-Ox or ***: This study showed that both NG-Ox and NG possess cytotoxic, genotoxic and apoptotic activities through the production of ROS on cells, NG-Ox being the more effective one. Therefore, derived compound of NG might be used as antiproliferative agents for the treatment of cancer.

关键词： Naringenin Naringenin-oxime Cytotoxic Genotoxic Apoptosis Reactive oxygen species Comet assay

Assessment of glass fiber-reinforced polyester pipe powder in soil improvement

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 742-753页

作者： baki BAGRIACIK Ahmet BEYCIOGLU Szymon TOPOLINSKI Emre AKMAZ Sedat SERT Esra Deniz GUNER Department of Civil Engineering Çukurova UniversityAdana 01330Turkey Department of Civil Engineering Adana Alparslan TürkeşScience and Technology UniversityAdana 01250Turkey Department of Civil Engineering UTP Science and Technology UniversityBydgoszcz 85796Poland Geoenvironmental Infrastructure(SGI)Research Group George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Department of Civil Engineering Sakarya UniversitySakarya 54187Turkey Department of Environmental Engineering Çukurova UniversityAdana 01330Turkey

This study investigates the use of glass fiber-reinforced polyester(GRP)pipe powder(PP)for improving the bearing capacity of sandy *** a series of direct share tests,the optimum PP addition for improving the bearing capacity of soils was found to be 12%.Then,using the optimum PP addition,the bearing capacity of the soil was estimated through a series of loading tests on a shallow foundation model placed in a test *** bearing capacity of sandy soil was improved by up to 30.7%.The ratio of the depth of the PP-reinforced soil to the diameter of the foundation model(h/D)of 1.25 could sufficiently strengthen sandy soil when the optimum PP ratio was *** analyses showed that the increase in the bearing capacity can be attributed to the chopped fibers in the PP and their multiaxial distribution in the *** improving the engineering properties of soils,using PP as an additive in soils would reduce the accumulation of the industrial waste,thus providing a twofold benefit.

关键词： shallow foundation sandy soil bearing capacity soil improvement pipe powder

Evidence for particle acceleration approaching PeV energies in the W51 complex

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期69卷 2833-2841页

作者： LhAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao F.Aharonian Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi W.Bian A.V.Bukevich Q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.Chen E.S.Chen h.X.Chen Liang Chen Lin Chen Long Chen M.J.Chen M.L.Chen Q.h.Chen S.Chen S.h.Chen S.Z.Chen T.L.Chen Y.Chen N.Cheng Y.D.Cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.h.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.Q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang J.h.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng h.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng Y.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao Q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong Q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.Q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han M.hasan h.h.he h.N.he J.Y.he Y.he Y.K.hor B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu Q.hu S.C.hu D.h.huang T.Q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.Y.huang Y.huang X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang I.Karpikov D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li C.M.Li Cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li S.D.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu D.B.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu Q.Luo Y.Luo h.K.Lv B.Q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri h.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov L.J.Ou P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei J.C.Qi M.Y.Qi B.Q.Qiao J.J.Qin A.Raza D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz M.Saeed D.Semikoz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su D.X.Sun Q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun J.Takata P.h.T.Tam Q.W.Tang R.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.C.Wang Kai Wang Kai Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.R.Wu Q.W.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.Q.Xi J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.R.Xiong Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang C.Y.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang W.X.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao L.Q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu Q.Yuan h.Yue h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang h.Zhang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 103980Heidelberg 69029Germany School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute for Nuclear Research of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 117312Russia hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Research Center for Astronomical Computing Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 311121China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275GuangdongChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC UniversitéParis Cité

Theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex is widely acknowledged to be attributed to the interaction between the cosmic rays(CRs)accelerated by the shock of supernova remnant(SNR)W51C and the dense molecular clouds in the adjacent star-forming region,***,the maximum acceleration capability of W51C for CRs remains *** on observations conducted with the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LhAASO),we report a significant detection ofγrays emanating from the W51 complex,with energies from 2 to 200 *** LhAASO measurements,for the first time,extend theγ-ray emission from the W51 complex beyond 100 TeV and reveal a significant spectrum bending at tens of *** combining the"π^(0)-decay bump"featured data from Fermi-LAT,the broadbandγ-ray spectrum of the W51 region can be well-characterized by a simple pp-collision *** observed spectral bending feature suggests an exponential cutoff at~400 TeV or a power-law break at~200 TeV in the CR proton spectrum,most likely providing the first evidence of SNRs serving as CR accelerators approaching the PeV ***,two young star clusters within W51B could also be theoretically viable to produce the most energeticγrays observed by *** findings strongly support the presence of extreme CR accelerators within the W51 complex and provide new insights into the origin of Galactic CRs.

关键词： UhE c-ray Cosmic rays SNR W51C Star clusters

Optimization of performance of the KM2A full array using the Crab Nebula

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 169-178页

作者：曹臻 F.Aharonian 安琪阿西克古白云翔包逸炜 D.Bastieri 毕效军毕玉江蔡金庭曹晴曹文羽曹喆常进常劲帆陈尚明陈恩生陈亮陈林陈龙陈明君陈玛丽陈起辉陈素弘陈天禄陈阳程宁程耀东崔明阳崔树旺崔晓红崔昱东戴本忠代洪亮戴子高单增罗布 D.della Volpe 董绪强段凯凯樊军辉范一中方军方堃冯存峰封莉冯少辉丰晓婷冯有亮 S.Gabici 高博高川东高林青高启高卫高伟康葛茂茂耿利斯 G.Giacinti 龚光华苟全补顾旻皓郭福来郭晓磊郭义庆郭莹莹韩毅昂何会海贺昊宁何佳银何新波何钰 M.heller 贺远强侯博文侯超侯贤胡红波胡铨胡世聪黄代绘黄天奇黄文俊黄性涛黄晓渊黄勇黄志成季筱璐贾焕玉贾康江琨姜晓巍姜泽军金敏康明铭柯通 D.Kuleshov.K.Kurinov 李兵兵李澄李骢李丹李飞李海波李会财李华阳李军李剑李捷李凯李文龙李文莲李秀荣李昕李一卓李哲黎卓梁恩维梁云峰林苏杰刘冰刘成刘栋刘虎刘海东刘佳刘江来刘金艳刘茂元柳若愚刘四明刘伟刘怡刘以农鲁睿罗晴吕洪魁马伯强马玲玲马欣华毛基荣闵振 W.Mitthumsiri 穆慧君南云程 A.Neronov 区子维庞彬宇 P.Pattarakijwanich 裴致远齐孟尧祁业情乔冰强秦家军 D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz 邵澄宇邵琅 O.Shchegolev 盛祥东舒富文宋慧超 Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov 苏扬孙秦宁孙晓娜孙志斌谭柏轩唐庆文唐泽波田文武王超王昌贝王广威王洪光王惠惠王建成汪凯王利苹王玲玉王培汉王冉王为王祥高王祥玉王阳王玉东王岩谨王忠海王仲翔王振王铮韦大明魏俊杰魏永健文韬吴超勇吴含荣武莎吴雪峰吴雨生席邵强夏捷夏君集项光漫肖迪泫肖刚辛广广辛玉良邢祎熊峥徐东莲徐仁峰徐仁新徐伟立薛良闫大海颜景志颜田杨朝文杨帆杨冯帆杨何文杨佳盈杨莉莉杨明洁杨睿智杨深邦姚玉华姚志国叶一锰尹丽巧尹娜游晓浩游智勇于艳红袁强岳华曾厚敦曾婷轩曾玮查敏张彬彬张丰张海明张恒英张建立张丽霞张力张鹏飞张佩佩张瑞张少博张少如张寿山张潇张笑鹏张云峰张毅张勇赵兵赵静赵雷赵立志赵世平郑福周斌周浩周佳能周猛周平周荣周勋秀祝成光祝凤荣朱辉朱科军左雄 LhAASO Collaboration Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Tianfu Cosmic Ray Research Center Chengdu 610000China Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics P.O.Box 10398069029 HeidelbergGermany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou 510006China hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000&Guangzhou 510275China School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Facultéde SciencesUniversitéde Genève24 Quai Ernest Ansermet1211 GenevaSwitzerland Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China APC Universit'e Paris Cit'eCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservat

The full array of the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LhAASO)has been in operation since July *** its kilometer-square array(KM2A),we optimized the selection criteria for very high and ultrahigh energyγ-rays using data collected from August 2021 to August 2022,resulting in an improvement in significance of the detection in the Crab Nebula of approximately 15%,compared with that of previous *** the implementation of these new selection criteria,the angular resolution was also significantly improved by approximately 10%at tens of *** aspects of the full KM2A array performance,such as the pointing error,were also calibrated using the Crab *** resulting energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range of 10-1000 TeV are well fitted by a log-parabola model,which is consistent with the previous results from LhAASO and other experiments.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula significance

由超拍电子伏特加速器产生的超高能伽马射线气泡

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 449-457页

作者： LhAASO Collaboration Zhen Cao Chuandong Gao Cong Li Ruo-Yu Liu Ruizhi Yang 不详 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China

We report the detection of aγ-ray bubble spanning at least 100deg2 in ultra-high energy(UhE)up to a few PeV in the direction of the star-forming region Cygnus X,implying the presence super PeVatron(s)accelerating protons to at least 10 PeV.A log-parabola form with the photon indexΓ(E)=(2.71±0.02)+(0.11±0.02)×log10(E/10 TeV)is found fitting the gamma-ray energy spectrum of the bubble *** sources,“hot spots”correlated with very massive molecular clouds,and a quasi-spherical amorphousγ-ray emitter with a sharp central brightening are observed in the *** the core of~0.5°,spatially associating with a region containing massive OB association(Cygnus OB2)and a microquasar(Cygnus X-3),as well as previously reported multi-TeV sources,an enhanced concentration of UhEγ-rays is observed with 2 photons at energies above 1 *** general feature of the bubble,the morphology,and the energy spectrum,are reasonably reproduced by the assumption of a particle accelerator in the core,continuously injecting protons into the ambient medium.

关键词： Cosmic rays γ-rays Interstellar medium Star cluster

Power Doppler Vocal Fremitus Breast Sonography: Differential Diagnosis with a New Classification Scheme—Power Doppler Vocal Fremitus Examination of Breast Lesions

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第2期2卷 243-252页

作者： Duzgun Yildirim Bengi Gurses baki Ekci Ahmet Kaur 不详

Purpose: In this study, unlike the previous studies, and Power Doppler vocal fremitus test (PDVFT) is utilized and is evaluated in subcategories to assess its role in the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Materials and Methods Thorough the 161 lesions of 147 patients are included in this prospective study. During PDVFT, it is determined that eight different fremitus patterns have broken out according to the colour aliasing during patient’s vocal phonation. It is also grouped as, according to the lesion color aliasing pattern during vibration: (c) for central, (p) for peripheral, (d) for perilesional-desmoplastic, (e) for eccentric, (h) for heterogenous-hierarchic, (s) for septal, (t) for total, (z) for absent-zero. Thereafter, the patterns and histopathological results of the lesions are correlated and analysed statistically. Results Out of 161 lesions, (benign: 133 and malignant, 28 cases) totally 189 patterns are encountered. None of the patterns z, t, s or e was detected in any of the malignant lesions. Specific values for different patterns have been obtained which changing between 29% and 100%. After adding the PDVFT finding, the newly generated BIRADS scheme has the accuracy value as high 91%. Conclusion When it is classified according to the colour aliasing pattern(s) of lesion in PDVFT;the “p” pattern is seen about the same ratio in both malign lesion and benign lesion (nonspecific patterns);“c, d, h” patterns mostly related with malignancy, whereas “e, s, t, z” patterns related with benignity. With adding the PDVFT findings;accuracy of well known BIRADS categorization and lesion demarcation were also improved successfully.

关键词： Breast Ultrasonography Doppler