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A comprehensive study on the processing of Co:ZnO nanostructured ceramics:defect chemistry engineering and grain growth kinetics

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第7期138卷 221-232页

作者： R.T.da Silva J.M.Morbec G.Rahman h.b.de carvalho Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto-UFOP Ouro PretoMG 35400-000Brazil School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Keele UniversityKeele ST55BGUnited Kingdom department of Physics Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad 45320Pakistan Universidade Federal de Alfenas-UNIFAL Alfenas 37130-000Brazi

In this report,we present a systematic study on the preparation of Co:ZnO ceramics via a standard solid-state route from different Co precursors(Co_(3)O_(4),CoO,and metallic Co)and atmospheres(O_(2)and Ar).Particular emphasis is given to defect chemistry engineering and the sintering growth kinetics.First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are employed to determine the formation en-ergy of the main point defects in ZnO and Co:ZnO systems.based on the theoretical results,a set of chemical reactions is proposed.detailed microstructural characterization is also performed to determine the degree of Co incorporation into the ZnO lattice.The samples prepared in Ar atmosphere and metal-lic Co present the highest Co solubility limit(lower apparent Co incorporation activation energy)due to the incongruent ZnO decomposition.determination of the parameters of the sintering growth kinetics reveals that Co_(3)O_(4)is the best sintering additive to achieve larger grain sizes,and possible higher densi-ties,in both sintering atmospheres,while metallic Co is the best to achieve the smallest grain size with higher Co concentration and homogeneous spatial distribution for a subsequent reduction of dimension-ality.The results show that the sintering in O_(2)effectively promotes zinc vacancies in the ZnO structure,while the sintering in Ar promotes zinc interstitial defects.Our findings contribute to understanding the preparation of Co-doped ZnO ceramics and the sintering growth kinetics,which may improve the state of the art in processing the material at both bulk and nanometric scales.

关键词： Multifunctionality Zinc oxide defect engineering Growth kinetics

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URbIETA bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio de TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William Douglas carvalho Programa de Pós-Graduação em biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIbC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main parasites.however,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network structures.here,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host sexes.We captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the brazilian Amazon.despite female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically significant.The pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 compartments.The total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,respectively.Connectance values were very low for the pooled network and for all subnetworks.Our results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry season.Moreover,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male subnetwork.Therefore,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network structure.Future studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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determination of critical state line(CSL)for silty-sandy iron ore tailings subjected to low-high confining pressures

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第5期16卷 1684-1695页

作者： Nilo Cesar Consoli João Vítor de Azambuja carvalho Alexia Cindy Wagner hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho Inácio carvalho Pedro Pazzoto Cacciari João Paulo de Sousa Silva Civil Engineering Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreRS90035-190Brazil Exploration and Mineral Projects-Mineral development Centre VALE S.A.Santa LuziaMG33040-900Brazil department of Civil Geological and Mining EngineeringPolytechnique MontrealQuebecH3C 3A7Canada

The disposal of filtered tailings in high dry stacks can induce particle breakage,changing the material's behaviour during the structure's lifetime.The grading changes influence material properties at the critical state,and this is not mature for intermediate artificial soils(tailings)in a broad range of confining pressures.In this paper,it aims to describe the behaviour of iron ore tailings in a spectrum of confining pressures broader than the reported in previous studies.A series of consolidated drained(CD)triaxial tests was carried out with confining pressures ranging from 0.075 MPa to 120 MPa.These results show that the amount of breakage plays an essential role in the response of iron ore tailings.The existence of curved critical state line(CSL)in both specific volume(ν)-logarithm of mean effective stress(p′)and deviatoric stress(q)-mean effective stress(p′)planes,and different responses in the deviatoric stress-axial strain-volumetric strain curves were verified.An inverse S-shaped equation was proposed to represent the silty-sandy tailings'behaviour up to high pressures onν-lnp′plane.The proposed equation provides a basis for enhancing constitutive models and considers the evolution of the grading up to severe loading conditions.The adjustment considered three regions with different responses associated with particle breakage at different pressure levels.

关键词： Tailings Iron ore tailings dry stacking Silty-sandy material Critical state soil mechanics high confining pressures Particle breakage

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Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： Charles h.Nelson Udai b.Pandey department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Children’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-binding protein.As the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent protein.Although many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder,considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its discovery.In this review,we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM,focusing on the structure,function,and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder itself.Additionally,we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of study.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atrophy GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

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blockade of Rho-associated kinase prevents inhibition of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced by anti-ganglioside antibodies

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： Andrés berardo Cristian R.bacaglio bárbara b.báez Rubén Sambuelli Kazim A.Sheikh Pablo h.h.Lopez Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba departamento de Química biológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química biológica de Córdoba(CIQUIbIC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antibodies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-barrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon regeneration.Cross-linking of cell surface gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies triggers inhibition of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon regeneration.These effects involve the activation of the small GTPase Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stablished inhibitors of axon regeneration described so far.The aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhibitor of ROCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b was previously reported to exert a potent inhibitory effect on regeneration of both myelinated and unmyelinated fibers.Our results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of Y-27632.Treatment with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody-mediated inhibition of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fibers to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous sensitivity.In contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated fibers.Interestingly,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody in the absence of toxicity in animals exposed to only Y-27632.Overall,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of Rho A/ROCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhibition of axon regeneration induced by anti-GD1a/GT1b monoclonal antibody.Our findings open the possibility of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting Rho A/Rock pathway in immune neuropathies associated wi

关键词： anti-ganglioside antibodies anti-glycan antibodies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-barrésyndrome nerve repair ROCK Y-27632

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design multifunctional Mg–Zr coatings regulating Mg alloy bioabsorption

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第4期12卷 1461-1478页

作者： Zohra benzarti Sandesh Itani JoséDavid Castro Sandra carvalho Ana Sofia Ramos University of Coimbra CEMMPREARISEDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringRua Luís Reis Santos3030-788CoimbraPortugal Laboratory of Multifunctional Materials and Applications(LaMMA) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Sciences of SfaxUniversity of SfaxSoukra Road km 3.5B.P.1171Sfax3000Tunisia

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used for temporary bone implants due to their favorable biodegradability,cytocompatibility,hemocompatibility,and close mechanical properties to bone.however,rapid degradation and inadequate strength limit their applicability.To overcome this,the direct current magnetron sputtering technique is employed for surface coating in Mg-based alloys using various zirconium(Zr)content.This approach presents a promising strategy for simultaneously improving corrosion resistance,maintaining biocompatibility,and enhancing strength without compromising osseointegration.by leveraging Mg’s inherent biodegradability,it has the potential to minimize the need for secondary surgeries,thereby reducing costs and resources.This paper is a systematic study aimed at understanding the corrosion mechanisms of Mg–Zr coatings,denoted Mg-xZr(x=0–5 at.%).Zr-doped coatings exhibited columnar growth leading to denser and refined structures with increasing Zr content.XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the Mg(00.2)basal plane,shifting towards higher angles(1.15°)with 5 at.%Zr doping due to lattice parameter changes(i.e.,decrease and increase of“c”and“a”lattice parameters,respectively).Mg–Zr coatings exhibited“liquidphilic”behavior,while Young’s modulus retained a steady value around 80 GPa across all samples.however,the hardness has significantly improved across all samples’coating,reaching the highest value of(2.2±0.3)GPa for 5 at.%Zr.Electrochemical testing in simulated body fluid(SbF)at 37℃ revealed a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for Mg–Zr coatings containing 1.0–3.4 at.%Zr.Compared with the 5 at.%Zr coating which exhibited a corrosion rate of 32 mm/year,these coatings displayed lower corrosion rates,ranging from 1 to 12 mm/year.This synergistic enhancement in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,achieved with 2.0–3.4 at.%Zr,suggests potential ability for reducing stress shielding and controlled degradation performance,and consequently,promising functional biodegradable materials f

关键词： Mg-Zr coatings Magnetron sputtering Nanoindentation Corrosion resistance bone implants

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Exploring Variability in Sea Level at a Tide Gauge Station through Control Charts

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2024年第1期6卷 11-18页

作者： h.bâkiİz Independent Scholar Boca Raton Florida33496USA

Monitoring temporal changes in sea level is important in assessing coastal risk.Sea level anomalies at a tide gauge station,if kinematically conceived,include systematic variations such as trend,acceleration,periodic oscillations,and random disturbances.Among them,the non-stationary nature of the random sea level variations of known or unknown origin at coastal regions has been long recognized by the sea level community.This study proposes the analyses of subgroups of random residual statistics of a rigorously formulated kinematic model solution of tide gauge variations using X-bar and S control charts.The approach is demonstrated using Key West,Florida tide gauge records.The mean and standard errors of 5-year-long subgroups of the residuals revealed that sea level changes at this location have been progressively intensifying from 1913 to the present.Increasing oscillations in sea level at this locality may be attributed partly to the thermal expansion of seawater with increasing temperatures causing larger buoyancy-related sea level fluctuations as well as the intensification of atmospheric events including wind patterns and the impact of changes in inverted barometer effects that will alter coastal risk assessments for the future.

关键词： Climate change Sea level variance X-bar S control charts

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Multiple scales method for analyzing a forced damped rotational pendulum oscillatorwithgallows

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第5期76卷 58-67页

作者： haifa A Alyousef Alvaro h Salas b M Alotaibi S A El-Tantawy department of Physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia department of Mathematics and Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupColombia department of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research Center for Physics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversityAl-Baha 1988Saudi Arabia

This study reports the analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum system with gallows and periodic excited forces.The multiple scales method(MSM)is applied to solve the proposed problem.Several types of rotational pendulum oscillators are studied and talked about in detail.These include the forced damped rotating pendulum oscillator with gallows,the damped standard simple pendulum oscillator,and the damped rotating pendulum oscillator without gallows.The MSM first-order approximations for all the cases mentioned are derived in detail.The obtained results are illustrated with concrete numerical examples.The first-order MSM approximations are compared to the fourth-order Runge-Kutta(RK4)numerical approximations.Additionally,the maximum error is estimated for the first-order approximations obtained through the MSM,compared to the numerical approximations obtained by the RK4 method.Furthermore,we conducted a comparative analysis of the outcomes obtained by the used method(MSM)and he-MSM to ascertain their respective levels of precision.The proposed method can be applied to analyze many strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.

关键词： rotational pendulum system multiple scales method approximate solution damped oscillations forced pendulum with gallows he-multiple scales method

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Spatiotemporal dynamics in butterfly hybrid zones

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 328-353页

作者： Ananda R.Pereira Martins Natalie b.Warren W.Owen McMillan Rowan D.h.barrett Redpath Museum McGill University859 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebecCanada Smithsonian Tropical ResearchInstitute GamboaPanama CityPanama

Evaluating whether hybrid zones are stable or mobile can provide novelinsights for evolution and conservation biology. butterflies exhibit high sensitivity to envi-ronmental changes and represent an important model system for the study of hybrid zoneorigins and maintenance. here, we review the literature exploring butterfly hybrid zones,with a special focus on their spatiotemporal dynamics and the potential mechanisms thatcould lead to their movement or stability. We then compare different lines of evidenceused to investigate hybrid zone dynamics and discuss the strengths and weaknesses ofeach approach. Our goal with this review is to reveal general conditions associated withthe stability or mobility of butterfly hybrid zones by synthesizing evidence obtained us-ing different types of data sampled across multiple regions and spatial scales. Finally, wediscuss spatiotemporal dynamics in the context of a speciation/divergence continuum, therelevance of hybrid zones for conservation biology, and recommend key topics for futureinvestigation.

关键词： butterflies human impacts hybrid zones movement spatiotemporaldynamics stability

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Response Evaluation Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for Unresectable Advanced hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Plus Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy

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Ultrasound in Medicine and biology 2024年第1期50卷 142-149页

作者： Zhao C.-K. Guan X. Pu Y.-Y. Zhou b.-Y. Wang L.-F. Sun Y.-K. Yin h.-h. Xia h.-S. Wang X. han h. Xu h.-X. department of Ultrasound Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai China Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging Shanghai China Central Laboratory and department of Medical Ultrasound Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in response evaluation for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (hCC) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) plus anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody therapy. Methods: A prospective cohort of consecutive patients with hCC who received combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody treatment for unresectable hCC between January 2022 and October 2022 was included in this study. The patients underwent unenhanced ultrasound (US) and CEUS examinations before treatment and at follow-up. Changes in the largest diameters of the target tumor on unenhanced US and the largest diameters of the enhancing target tumors on CEUS were evaluated. Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1 with unenhanced US and magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography (MRI/CT) and modified RECIST (mRECIST) with CEUS and CEMRI/CT were used to assess treatment response. Results: A total of 24 hCC patients (23 men and 1 woman; mean age: 56.5 ± 8.5 y; barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C, 62.5%; 29 intrahepatic target tumors) were studied. Calculations of degree of necrosis in the target tumors revealed no significant differences between CEUS and CEMRI/CT (44.5 ± 36.2% vs. 45.3 ± 36.8%, p = 0.862). As for the differentiation of responders from non-responders, the agreement between RECIST version 1.1 of unenhanced US and mRECIST-CEUS was poor (κ coefficient = 0.233). Meanwhile, there was a high degree of concordance between mRECIST-CEUS and mRECIST-CEMRI/CT (κ coefficient = 0.812). Conclusion: CEUS proved to be superior to baseline US and is comparable to CEMRI/CT in defining treatment outcome for combined TKI/anti-PD-1 antibody therapy. © 2023 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & biology

关键词： Anti-angiogenic therapy Anti-PD-1 antibody Contrast-enhanced ultrasound hepatocellular carcinoma

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