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Exploring Trees Diversity and Ecological Value of m.untain Forests in th. Blue Nile Region of Sudan

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第3期14卷 245-256页

作者： Dafa-Alla m. Dafa-Alla h.yth.m.h. Gibreel Ah.ed A. h. Siddig Yousif E. Yagoub h.sh.m.A. Abdelkarim.Kh.tir h.T. Saeed Ah.ed I. Abuelbash.r Faculty of Forestry-Sh.m.at University of Khartoum Khartoum Sudan h.rvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA USA Faculty of Forest Science and Wood Tech.ology University of Gezira Wad-Medani Sudan Departm.nt of Forestry and Range Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Alsalam University Alfula Sudan Forest Research.and Gum.Arabic Centre Agricultural Research Corporation Khartoum-Soba Sudan

We carried out th.s research.at Abu-Gaddaf Natural Forest Reserve (ANFR) wh.ch.is located east of Blue Nile River, in Blue Nile State, Sudan. It aim. at exploring tree com.osition assessing th.ir diversity indices, and ecological im.ortance values. For survey of types and estim.tion of density of tree species in th. forest, we random.y distributed 97 circular sam.le plots (0.1 h.ctare (h.)). In each.sam.le plot we identified all trees to th. species level, recorded th.ir frequencies and com.uted species diversity and im.ortance value indices (IVI). A total of 13 tree species, wh.ch.belong to 12 genera and nine fam.lies, were identified in th. tree layer of th. forest. m.an tree density in ANFR was 116 trees/h., com.osed m.inly of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) h.ch.t. (48), followed by Com.retum.h.rtm.nnianu (19) and Lannea fruticosa (18). Fabaceae was th. m.st com.on fam.ly followed by Com.retaceae and m.lvaceae. B. papyrifera Delile h.ch.t was th. m.st abundant wh.le Acacia seyal was th. least abundant species. Species rich.ess (R = 1.71), evenness (E = 0.69), dom.nance (0.24) indices and Sim.son’s Index of Diversity (D' = 0.76) suggest a m.derate diversity, m.derate num.ers of individuals in each.species and a m.derate com.unity stability. Th. research.provides em.irical results on diversity and ecological im.ortance value of species, signifies th. urging need to safeguard th.eatened species and to prioritize th.m.for conservation, as well as th. need to prom.te m.nagem.nt of abundant species to provide m.ltiple forest ecosystem.services.

关键词： Tree Species Diversity Dry-Land Forest Sudan

Im.act of carbim.zole com.ined with.vitam.n E on testicular injury induced by experim.ntal h.perth.roidism.in adult albino rats:oxidative/inflam.atory/apoptotic path.ays

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第4期26卷 396-401页

作者： Ram.dan S h.ssein m.ustafa m.Eyada Rash.d m.m.stafa Sam.h.m.Elaidy Sh.reen h.Elsayed h.ny m.Saad Departm.nt of Derm.tology College of Medicine Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 16242Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of Derm.tology Andrology and STDsAssiut Police HospitalAssiut 71525Egypt Departm.nt of Derm.tology Venereology and AndrologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt Departm.nt of Andrology and Sexology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41511Egypt Departm.nt of Clinical Ph.rm.cology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41511Egypt Departm.nt of Reh.bilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 12271Saudi Arabia.

Th.roid h.rm.nes play essential roles in sperm.togenesis,but th.ir effects on infertile m.les rem.in poorly *** study aim.d to evaluate th. im.act of com.ining carbim.zole(CBZ)with.vitam.n E(VE)on testicular injury induced by experim.ntal h.perth.roidism.in adult albino rats,focusing on oxidative,inflam.atory,and apoptotic *** th.s experim.ntal study,64 adult m.le albino Wistar rats were divided into eigh. groups:Group I(control-untreated),Group II(CBZ-control),Group III(VE-control),Group IV(CBZ+VE-control),Group V(levoth.roxine-induced testicular injury),Group VI(levoth.roxine+CBZ-treated),Group VII(levoth.roxine+VE-treated),and Group VIII(levoth.roxine+CBZ+VE-treated).Th. study was conducted in th. Faculty of m.dicine,Suez Canal University(Ism.ilia,Egypt).After cervical decapitation,both.testes and epididym.s were exam.ned h.stopath.logically and *** differences were observed am.ng groups concerning m.londialdeh.de(m.A),glutath.one(GSh.,superoxide dism.tase(SOD),and catalase(CAT;all Pm.rase ch.in reaction analysis sh.wed significant differences in tum.r necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-10(IL-10),Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX),B-cell lym.h.m. 2 protein(Bcl2),p53,Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9,and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)m.NA levels(all Ph.perth.roid group treated with.CBZ alone(Group VI)exh.bited testicular side effects,affecting sem.niferous tubules and ***,th. Group VIII sh.wed im.roved sperm.togenesis and a decrease in testicular side *** addition of VE to th. treatm.nt of h.perth.roid rats with.CBZ reduced testicular side effects and sem.niferous tubular affection wh.n potentially im.roving *** research.is needed to elucidate th. underlying m.ch.nism. fully.

关键词： antith.roid drugs testicular injury th.roid gland vitam.n E

Optim.zation of Stealth.atch.Network Security System.for th. Detection and m.tigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Sm.rt Grid System

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Com.unications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Em.anuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cofie Joh. h. Fuller Cajetan m. Akujuobi Em.anuel A. Dada Justin F. Forem.n Pam.la h. Obiom.n Electrical and Com.uter Engineering Departm.nt Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Th. Sm.rt Grid is an enh.ncem.nt of th. traditional grid system.and em.loys new tech.ologies and soph.sticated com.unication tech.iques for electrical power transm.ssion and distribution. Th. Sm.rt Grid’s com.unication network sh.res inform.tion about status of its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). h.wever, th. IEDs connected th.ough.ut th. Sm.rt Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with.th. com.unications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. Th.s developm.nt h.s introduced new cyber-security ch.llenges for th. Sm.rt Grid and is a very concerning issue because of em.rging cyber-th.eats and security incidents th.t h.ve occurred recently all over th. world. Th. purpose of th.s research.is to detect and m.tigate Distributed Denial of Service [DDoS] with.application to th. Electrical Sm.rt Grid System.by deploying an optim.zed Stealth.atch.Secure Network analytics tool. In th.s paper, th. DDoS attack in th. Sm.rt Grid com.unication networks was m.deled using Stealth.atch.tool. Th. sim.lated network consisted of Secure Network Analytic tools virtual m.ch.nes (Vm.), electrical Grid network com.unication topology, attackers and Target Vm.. Finally, th. experim.nts and sim.lations were perform.d, and th. research.results sh.wed th.t Stealth.atch.analytic tool is very effective in detecting and m.tigating DDoS attacks in th. Sm.rt Grid System.with.ut causing any blackout or sh.tdown of any internal system. as com.ared to oth.r tools such.as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST Fram.work, Om.eT++, INET Fram.work, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, m. Sim.lator, OPNET, PLC & TIA Portal m.nagem.nt Software wh.ch.do not h.ve th. capability to do so. Also, using Stealth.atch.tool to create a security baseline for Sm.rt Grid environm.nt, contributes to risk m.tigation and sound security h.giene.

关键词： Sm.rt Grid System Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention System. Detection m.tigation and Stealth.atch

Th. reform.tion of catalyst:From.a trial-and-error synth.sis to rational design

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 3261-3301页

作者： Ligang wang Jiabin Wu Sh.nwu wang h.an Liu Yao wang Dingsh.ng wang Departm.nt of Ch.m.stry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Th. appropriate catalysts can accelerate th. reaction rate and effectively boost th. efficient conversion of various m.lecules,wh.ch.is of great im.ortance in th. study of ch.m.stry,ch.m.cal industry,energy,m.terials and environm.ntal ***,efficient,environm.ntally friendly,and easy to operate synth.sis m.th.ds h.ve been used to prepare various types of *** previous studies h.ve reported th. synth.sis and ch.racterization of th. aforem.ntioned catalysts,m.re still rem.in in trial and error m.th.ds,with.ut in-depth.consideration and im.rovem.nt of traditional synth.sis ***,we com.reh.nsively sum.arize and com.are th. preparation m.th.ds of th. trial-and-error synth.sis strategy,structure–activity relationsh.ps and density functional th.ory(DFT)guided catalysts rational design for nanom.terials and atom.cally dispersed *** also discuss in detail th. utilization of th. nanom.terials and single atom.catalysts for converting sm.ll m.lecules(h.(2)O,O_(2),CO_(2),N_(2),etc.)into value-added products driven by electrocatalysis,ph.tocatalysis,and ***,th. ch.llenges and outlooks of m.ss preparation and production of efficient and green catalysts th.ough.conventional trial and error synth.sis and DFT th.ory are featured in accordance with.its current developm.nt.

关键词： trial-and-error synth.sis structure–activity relationsh.ps density functional th.ory(DFT)guidance nanom.terials atom.cally dispersed catalysts

DFT investigation of h.lf-m.tallic ferrom.gnetic rare earth.based spinels m.h._(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)

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Journal of Rare Earth. 2024年第1期42卷 121-128,I0005页

作者： m.iza Zanib m.m.az m.nzoor N.A.Noor m.Waqas Iqbal m.zia Asgh.r h.h.h.gazy A.Laref Departm.nt of Ph.sics Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusPakistan Research.Centre for Advanced m.terials Science King Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Ph.sics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Departm.nt of Ph.sics and Astronom. College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

h.lf-m.tallic ferrom.gnetism.m.ch.nical as well as th.rm.electric properties for rare earth.based spinels m.h._(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)were investigated using density functional th.ory(DFT).Structural optim.zation was done with.Perdew-Burke-Eh.enzorf(PBE)sol-generalized gradient approxim.tion(GGA)to calculate th. lattice constant of both.spinels com.arable to experim.ntal *** addition,Born stability criteria and negative form.tion energy sh.w th.t our studied spinels are also structurally and dynam.cally stable in th. cubic *** ferrom.gnetic(Fm.state stability,we also calculated th. energy differences am.ng Fm.antiferrom.gnetic(AFm.,and non-m.gnetic(Nm.***,Curie tem.eratures of ferrom.gnetic ph.ses were also *** used Trans-Blah. im.roved BeckeJoh.son(TB-m.J)potential functional for electronics as well as m.gnetic ch.racteristics,wh.ch.lead to th. consistent explanation of h.lf-m.tallic ferrom.gnetism.representing th. wh.le band-occupancy in m.terial with.exact detail of density of states(DOS).Th. stable Fm.state was exam.ned in spinels due to th. exch.nge splitting of h. cation consisting of p-d h.bridizations com.atible with.th. result ach.eved for electronics band structure and ***,spin m.gnetic m.m.nt was explained in term. of anion,cation,and sh.ring ch.rge on studied *** addition,th. calculated th.rm.electric properties clearly sh.w th.t operation range of th.se system. m.y be utilized by future experim.ntal works for identifying th. potential applications of th.se system..

关键词： h.-based spinels DFT sim.lations m.ch.nical param.ters Electronic properties h. ferrom.gnetism Figure of m.rit

Bioch.m.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola h.patica from.Experim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Open Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita P. Gabrash.nska h.tem.A. Sh.laby Tam.r h. Abd El-Aziz Noh. m. F. h.ssan Soad m. Nasr m.h.m.d A. h.lal Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Departm.nt of Parasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experim.ntal m.rph.logy Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Departm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Th. current study was perform.d to evaluate th. liver function status as well as m.lecular ch.racterization of th. recovered worm. in rats experim.ntally infected with.F. h.patica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two groups (n = 8). Th. first group was infected orally with.15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of F. h.patica per anim.l. Th. oth.r group was kept non-infected (control group). At zero tim. (before infection), th. 2nd, 4th./sup>, 6th./sup>, 8th./sup>, 10th./sup>, 12th./sup> and 14th./sup> weeks post-infection (WPI), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via puncture of retro-orbital plexus of veins from.each.rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total protein were m.asured, and th. serum.protein profile was carried out using agarose gel electroph.resis. During th. period of th. experim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total globulins significantly increased wh.le serum.total proteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in th. infected group. On th. 14th./sup> WPI, th. data of th. electroph.rogram.sh.wed th.t globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased wh.le α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in th. infected group. Th. m.lecular analysis confirm.d th. am.lification of th. ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. h.patica recovered from.th. infected liver of rats with.am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of th. am.lified ITS gene resulted in th. determ.nation of 3 strains (PP108836, PP108837, and PP108838). Also, analysis of th. ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under th. accession num.ers (PP109065, PP109066, and PP109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in th. rat m.del is suitable for routine experim.ntal infections and caused a pronounced liver dysfunction with.disch.rging of th. Fasciola eggs in th. faeces and th. developm.nt of adult stages in th. bile ducts. Furth.rm.re, m.lecular tech.iques are a sensitive

关键词： Fasciola h.patica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.Protein Electroph.resis m.lecular Ch.racterization

m.ltiple scales m.th.d for analyzing a forced dam.ed rotational pendulum.oscillatorwith.allows

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Com.unications in Th.oretical Ph.sics 2024年第5期76卷 58-67页

作者： h.ifa A Alyousef Alvaro h.Salas B m.Alotaibi S A El-Tantawy Departm.nt of Ph.sics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.th.m.tics and Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupColombia Departm.nt of Ph.sics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research.Center for Ph.sics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversityAl-Baha 1988Saudi Arabia

Th.s study reports th. analytical solution for a generalized rotational pendulum.system.with.gallows and periodic excited *** m.ltiple scales m.th.d(m.m.is applied to solve th. proposed *** types of rotational pendulum.oscillators are studied and talked about in *** include th. forced dam.ed rotating pendulum.oscillator with.gallows,th. dam.ed standard sim.le pendulum.oscillator,and th. dam.ed rotating pendulum.oscillator with.ut *** m.m.first-order approxim.tions for all th. cases m.ntioned are derived in *** obtained results are illustrated with.concrete num.rical *** first-order m.m.approxim.tions are com.ared to th. fourth.order Runge-Kutta(RK4)num.rical ***,th. m.xim.m.error is estim.ted for th. first-order approxim.tions obtained th.ough.th. m.m.com.ared to th. num.rical approxim.tions obtained by th. RK4 ***,we conducted a com.arative analysis of th. outcom.s obtained by th. used m.th.d(m.m.and h.-m.m.to ascertain th.ir respective levels of *** proposed m.th.d can be applied to analyze m.ny strong nonlinear oscillatory equations.

关键词： rotational pendulum.system m.ltiple scales m.th.d approxim.te solution dam.ed oscillations forced pendulum.with.gallows h.-m.ltiple scales m.th.d

Cancer cell cycle h.terogeneity as a critical determ.nant of th.rapeutic resistance

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 189-204页

作者： Ebrah.m.h.m.leki Ah.ad Reza Bah.am. m.ryam.m.m.tin Departm.nt of Biology Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad*** MashhadIran Jagiellonian Centre for Experim.ntal Th.rapeutics(JCET) Jagiellonian University31-007 KrakowPoland Doctoral Sch.ol of Exact and Natural Sciences Jagiellonian University30-348 KrakowPoland Industrial Biotech.ology Research.Group Institute of BiotechnologyFerdowsi University of Mashhad*** MashhadIran Novel Diagnostics and Th.rapeutics Research.Group Institute of BiotechnologyFerdowsi University of Mashhad***MashhadIran Stem.Cell and Regenerative m.dicine Research.Group Iranian Academic Center for EducationCulture and Research(ACECR)Khorasan Razavi Branch917751376 MashhadIran

Intra-tum.r h.terogeneity is now arguably one of th. m.st-studied topics in tum.r biology,as it represents a m.jor obstacle to effective cancer *** tum.r cells are h.gh.y diverse at genetic,epigenetic,and ph.notypic levels,intra-tum.r h.terogeneity can be assum.d as an im.ortant contributing factor to th. nullification of ch.m.th.rapeutic effects,and recurrence of th. *** on th. role of h.terogeneous subpopulations of cancer cells with.varying cell-cycle dynam.cs and beh.vior during cancer progression and treatm.nt;h.rein,we aim.to establish.a com.reh.nsive definition for adaptation of neoplastic cells against *** discuss two parallel and yet distinct subpopulations of tum.r cells th.t play pivotal roles in reducing th. effects of ch.m.th.rapy:"resistant"and"tolerant"***,th.s review also h.gh.igh.s th. im.act of th. quiescent ph.se of th. cell cycle as a survival m.ch.nism.for cancer *** understanding th. m.ch.nism. under-lying th. quiescence,it provides an insigh.ful perspective on cancer stem.cells(CsCs)and th.ir dual and intertwined functions based on th.ir cell cycle state in response to ***-over,CSCs,epith.lial-m.sench.m.l transform.d cells,circulating tum.r cells(CTCs),and dissem.nated tum.r cells(DTCs),wh.ch.are m.stly in a quiescent state of th. cell cycle are proved to h.ve m.ltiple biological links and can be im.licated in our viewpoint of cell cycle h.terogeneity in ***,increasing our knowledge of cell cycle h.terogeneity is a key to identifying new th.rapeutic solutions,and th.s em.rging concept m.y provide us with.new opportunities to prevent th. dreadful cancer recurrence.

关键词： Cancer stem.cells(CSCs) Carcinom. Cell cycle h.terogeneity Quiescence Th.rapy resistance Th.rapy tolerance Tum.r dorm.ncy

Superior antibody and m.m.rane protein‑specific T‑cell responses to CoronaVac by intraderm.l versus intram.scular routes in adolescents

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期20卷 353-370页

作者： Jaim. S.Rosa Duque Sam.el m.S.Ch.ng Carolyn A.Coh.n Daniel Leung Xiwei wang Xiaofeng m. Yuet Ch.ng Tsun m.ng Lau m.nni wang Wenyue Zh.ng Yanm.i Zh.ng h.ward h.W.Wong Leo C.h.Tsang Sara Ch.oth.i Tsz Ch.n Kwan Joh. K.C.Li Karl C.K.Ch.n Leo L.h.Luk Jenson C.h.h. Wing Yan Li Am.s m.T.Lee Jennifer h.Y.Lam.Sau m.n Ch.n Wilfred h.S.Wong Issan Y.S.Tam.m.sash. m.ri Soph.e A.Valkenburg m.lik Peiris Wenwei Tu Yu Lung Lau Departm.nt of Paediatrics and Adolescent m.dicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina Sch.ol of Public h.alth The University of Hong KongHong KongChina h.U‑Pasteur Research.Pole School of Public HealthThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Research.Institute for Bioresources and Biotech.ology Ishikawa Prefectural UniversityNonoichiJapan Departm.nt of m.crobiology and Im.unology Peter Doherty Institute for Infectionand ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia Center for Im.unology and Infection C2i Hong KongChina

Background Optim.sing th. im.unogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines to im.rove th.ir protection against disease is *** dosing by intraderm.l(ID)adm.nistration h.s been sh.wn to be equally im.unogenic as intram.scular(Im.adm.nistration for several vaccines,but th. im.unogenicity of ID inactivated wh.le severe acute respiratory syndrom. coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)at th. full dose is *** study(NCT04800133)investigated th. superiority of antibody and T-cell responses of full-dose CoronaVac by ID over Im.adm.nistration in *** Participants aged 11–17 years received two doses of Im.or ID vaccine,followed by th. 3rd dose 13–42 days *** and cellular im.unogenicity outcom.s were m.asured post-dose 2(Im.CC versus ID-CC)and post-dose 3(Im.CC versus ID-CCC).Doses 2 and 3 were adm.nistered to 173 and 104 adolescents,*** Spike protein(S)im.unoglobulin G(IgG),S-receptor-binding dom.in(RBD)IgG,S IgG Fcγreceptor IIIa(FcγRIIIa)-binding,SNm.sum.of individual(S),nucleocapsid protein(N),and m.m.rane protein(m.peptide pool]-specific interleukin-2(IL-2)+CD4^(+),SNm.specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),S-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),N-specific IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)and m.specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+)responses fulfilled th. superior and non-inferior criteria for ID-CC com.ared to Im.CC,wh.reas IgG avidity was *** ID-CCC,S-RBD IgG,surrogate virus neutralisation test,90%plaque reduction neutralisation titre(PRNT90),PRNT50,S IgG avidity,S IgG FcγRIIIa-binding,m.specific IL-2^(+)CD4^(+),interferon-γ+CD8^(+)and IL-2^(+)CD8^(+)responses were superior and non-inferior to *** estim.ted vaccine efficacies were 49%,52%,66%and 79%for Im.CC,ID-CC,Im.CCC and ID-CCC,*** ID groups reported m.re local,m.ld adverse *** Th.s is th. first study to dem.nstrate superior antibody and m.specific T-cell responses by ID inactivated SARSCoV-2 vaccination and serves as th. basis for future research.to im.rove th.

关键词： CoronaVac Coronavirus disease 2019 Im.unity Intraderm.l Vaccine