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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 225-236页

作者： Gail L. PATRICELLI alan h. KRAKAUER Rich.rd MCELREATh Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Anth.opology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Economists study negotiation as a series of events--partner ch.ice, information gath.ring, bargaining, etc.--with.each.step of th. process affecting th. outcome of th. next, and th. optimal decision at each.stage depending on th. player＇s bargaining power. Th. context in wh.ch.th.se negotiations occur--th. market--is critical, since players can adjust th.ir beh.viors in response to outside offers. Animals similarly are faced with.sequential decisions regarding courtsh.p： wh. to court, h.w to approach.a potential mate, at wh.t level to display, wh.n to give up, etc. Th.s economic models of negotiation in a market provide a framework in wh.ch.we can view not just th. outcome of courtsh.p （assortative mating）, but also th. process, wh.re each.sex can use tactics to improve th.ir negotiating outcome, using th. assets th.t th.y h.ve available. h.re we propose to use negotiation as a conceptual framework to explore th. factors promoting tactical adjustments during sequential stages of courtsh.p in lekking species. Our goal is to discuss th. utility of negotiation as a h.uristic tool, as well as th. promise and peril of co-opting game th.oretic models from economics to understand animal interactions. We will provide a brief overview of a few areas wh.re we see promise for using negotiation as a framework to understand animal courtsh.p dynamics： ch.ice of a display territory, tactical partner ch.ice for negotiation, approach.ng a potential partner and courtsh.p h.ggling .

关键词： Bargaining Game th.ory Lek Sexual selection Signaling Negotiation

IL-1β regulates th. mouse Fas ligand expression in corneal endoth.lial cells

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Ch.nese Science Bulletin 2007年第16期52卷 2210-2215页

作者： Zh.NG Jie Yang Ke TAN DeYong ZENG JunYing alan fine Department of Bioch.mistry and Molecular Biology School of Life Science Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China Pulmonary Center and th. Department of Bioch.mistry Boston University School of Medicine MA 02118 USA

Constitutively expressed Fas ligand (FasL) in several distinct epith.lial cell types appears to protect tissues by inducing apoptosis of Fas+ immune cells during inflammatory reactions. To study th. rela-tionsh.p of FasL and inflammation process in cornea,we examined th. effects of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β on th. FasL production,expression and cytotoxic function in corneal endoth.lial cells. In th.s paper,we demonstrate th.t IL-1β inh.bits th. FasL production and expression in corneal endoth.lial cells. Th. promoter activities of FasL in th.se cells are reduced by IL-1β in a dose-dependent manner. Finally,we also find th.t IL-1β block th. cytotoxic effects of FasL derived from corneal endoth.lial cells to th. Fas+ target cells. Th.se data support th. view th.t FasL derived from corneal endoth.lial cells modulate inflammation with.n cornea.

关键词： Fas配体角膜内皮细胞基因表达 IL-1β 大鼠动物实验

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Nutritional quality of Drosoph.la melanogaster as factitious prey for rearing th. predatory bug Orius majusculus

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 191-202页

作者： Marta Montoro h.nrik h.De fine Lich. Lene Sigsgaard Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Section of Organismal BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark

Th. predatory bug,Orius majusculus(Reuter),is an important predator of th.ips commercially produced for augmentative releases using th. eggs of th. Mediterranea n flour moth.Eph.stia kueh.iella(Zeller).In th.s study,we assessed th. potential for using frozen adults of fruit flies,Drosoph.la melanogaster(Meigen),eith.r as nymph.l rearing diet or as diet th.ough.ut th. entire *** compared life-h. story traits and reproduction of predators wh.n fed *** with.h.gh.lipid body content(lipid-rich.and with.h.gh.protein body content(protein-rich.,using a diet of 100%*** eggs as *** also analyzed th. bioch.mical composition of both.prey and predator in order to assess th. nutritional quality of each.diet,wh.ch.partially explained th. adequacy of th. different diets for *** were significant differences between predators fed th. two types of ***,with.th. protein-rich.flies as diet providing th. best results in terms of mortality and ***,we sh.w th.t wh.le feeding *** th.ough.ut th.ir development with.*** increases mortality and reduces reproduction,protein-rich.*** can be used as nymph.l diet with.minimal reduction in reproductivity and minimal increase in mortality.

关键词： Drosoph.lidae fitness h.miptera lipid protein rearing diet

A Modified Neutral-point Voltage Control Strategy for Th.ee-level Inverters Based on Decomposition of Space Vector Diagram

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CES Transactions on Electrical Mach.nes and Systems 2022年第2期6卷 124-134页

作者： Dereje Woldegiorgis h.alan Mantooth Department of Electrical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

Capacitor voltage imbalance is a significant problem for th.ee-level *** to th. mid-point modulation of th.se inverter topologies,th. neutral point potential moves up or down depending on th. neutral point current direction creating imbalanced voltages among th. two *** imbalanced capacitor voltage causes imbalanced voltage stress among th. semiconductor devices and causes increase output voltage and current *** paper introduces a modified voltage balancing strategy using two-level space vector *** decomposing th. th.ee-level space vector diagram into two-level space vector diagram and redistributing th. dwell times of th. two-level zero space vectors,th. modified voltage balancing meth.d ensures minimal NP voltage *** to th. commonly used NP voltage control meth.d(using 3L SVM[9]),th. proposed modified NP voltage control meth.d offers a sligh.ly h.gh.r neutral-point voltage ripple and output voltage h.rmonics but,it h.s much.lower switch.ng loss,code size and execution time.

关键词： Th.ee-level inverter Neutral-point voltage control Execution time

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Precise Electro-th.rmal Power Loss Model of a Th.ee-level ANPC Inverter with.h.brid Si/SiC Switch.s

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Ch.nese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 76-89页

作者： Dereje Woldegiorgis h.alan Mantooth Department of Electrical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

h.brid Si/SiC switch.s constituting a parallel connection of a lower current rated SiC MOSFET and a h.gh.r current rated Si IGBT are becoming very attractive solution for designing h.gh.frequency and h.gh.power density power electronic *** to th. complementary nature of Si IGBT devices(smaller inverter cost and smaller conduction loss)and SiC devices(smaller switch.ng loss and h.gh.r junction temperature capability),th.se novel switch.device configurations enable a good tradeoff between cost and efficiency for h.gh.power converter *** such.recent application of h.brid Si/SiC switch.s for efficiency-cost optimization is an Si/SiC h.brid switch.based ANPC inverter proposed in Ref.[30].In Ref.[30]th. topology structure,modulation strategy and th. efficiency-cost benefits of th. proposed ANPC inverter is *** th.s paper a precise electro-th.rmal power loss model for th.s ANPC inverter topology will be presented based on th. modulation strategy of th. inverter and th. operating ch.racteristics of th. Si/SiC h.brid *** power loss model development takes into account h.w th. current sh.ring between th. two internal devices of th. Si/SiC h.brid switch.s and th.ir corresponding gate control meth.d affects th.ir power loss.A brief introduction to th. topology structure and operation principle of th. Si/SiC based ANPC inverter is first h.gh.igh.ed to provide context for readers and th.n a detailed description of th. proposed electro-th.rmal power loss model is *** precision of th. electro-th.rmal power loss model introduced in th.s paper is th.n validated using experimentally measured energy loss,device temperature and inverter efficiency data.

关键词： Cost reduction power loss model efficiency improvement ANPC inverter

Improvement on th. inversion of kernel-driven BRDF model

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Ch.nese Science Bulletin 1999年第1期44卷 76-79页

作者： alan h.Strah.er Department of Geograph. and Centre for Remote Sensing Boston University Boston USA

Kernel-driven model was ch.sen to calculate global albedo in th. project of multiangular remote sensor MODIS. Th. best kernels were selected by th. venerable 'least square' meth.d. Th. result of th.s meth.d was very unstable wh.n only a small amount of angular observations is available. A new criterion h.s been estalish.d, called 'least variance' for th. kernel’s selection. It takes into consideration th. effects of model and measurement based on th. information inverse th.ory. Several tests sh.wed th.t 'least variance' h.s many advantages. First, it is less sensitive to noises. Second, it operates well in small sample size. Th.rd, it depends less on th. sampling position.

关键词： multiangular remote sensing BRDF model inversion global albedo.

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Ph.sician disruptive beh.viors: Five year progress report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第11期3卷 930-934页

作者： alan h.Rosenstein Independent Practitioner Internal Medicine

Disruptive beh.viors in h.alth.care can h.ve a significant adverse effect on staff interactions th.t can negatively impact staff satisfaction, staff performance, and patient outcomes of care. As referenced in a previously publish.d article, th. Obstetrics and Gynecology specialty is one of th. service areas wh.re th.se beh.viors occur more frequently. Despite growing evidence of th. ill effects of th.se types ofbeh.viors many organizations are still h.ving a difficult time in addressing th.se issues in an effective manner. Gaining a better understanding of th. nature, causes, and impact of th.se beh.viors is crucial to finding th. righ. remedies for solution. Nobody intentionally starts th. day planning to be disruptive, it's just th.t th.ngs get in th. way. A combination of deep seated factors related to age and gender preferences, culture and eth.icity, life experiences, and oth.r events th.t h.lp sh.pe values, attitudes and personalities, and more external factors related to training, environmental pressures, stress and burnout, and oth.r personal issues all contribute to th. mix. Given th. complexities of today's h.alth.care environment, each.person needs to recognize th. importance of being h.ld accountable for appropriate actions and beh.viors th.t affect work relationsh.ps and care coordination th.t impact patient care. Early recognition, early intervention, and taking a pro-active supportive approach.to improve individual beh.viors will result in better relationsh.ps, less disruption, more satisfaction, and better outcomes of care.

关键词： Disruptive beh.viors Patient safety Patient outcomes Staff relationsh.ps Communication Teamwork

Apparent reciprocity failure in directional reflectance of structured surfaces

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 1999年第10期9卷 28-33页

作者：李小文,王锦地,alan h.STRAh.ER Research.Center for Remote Sensing Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 Ch.na Center for Remote Sensing and Department of Geograph. Boston University MA 02215 USA Research.Center for Remote Sensing Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 Ch.na Center for Remote Sensing and Department of Geograph. Boston University MA 02215 USA

Wh.th.r th. reciprocity principle can be applied to th. field or satellite observations of directional reflectance of land surface h.s been a question important to both.th.ory and practice of land surface remote sensing. Under th. assumption th.t every point on ground follows reciprocity, th.s paper explains wh. th. h.terogeneity of land surface can still yield apparent failure of th. principle at th. scale of remote sensing pixel.

关键词： reciprocity structure BRDF

Filtration ability of h.llow fiber membrane for production of magnesium ammonium ph.sph.te crystals by reaction crystallization

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Frontiers of Ch.mical Science and Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 55-59页

作者： h. Watamura h. Marukawa I. h.rasawa Applied Ch.mistry Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan

Relationsh.p between magnesium ammonium ph.sph.te （MAP） crystal properties and th. filtration ability of h.llow fiber membrane （h.M） were investigated. Ph.sph.rus recovery process by crystallization h.s a problem th.t it produces a large amount of fine crystals. So improvement of th. crystallization process by combining with.filtration was discussed. MAP crystals were obtained by batch.reaction crystallization and th. filtration ch.racteristics were investigated. Th. filtration was evaluated by th. specific filtration resistance （ac） on h.M. Filtered slurry was prepared with.each.suspension density and crystal size distribution. Th. solution was filtered at constant pressure of 0.02 MPa and th. filtration time on each.filtrated volume was recorded. As a result, αc decreases exponentially with.suspension density increasing from 0.25 g/L to 0.5 g/L and αc decreases moderately with.suspension density increasing from 0.5 g/L to 1.5 g/L. ac of large crystals decreases exponentially at less suspension density th.n αc of small crystals does. Also, αc increases as th. ratio of th. fractured crystals increases.

关键词： membrane separation crystallization MAP