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Depression, anxiety, and cardiac morbidity outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery： a contemporary and practical review

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 197-208页

作者： Ph.llip J Tully robert A baker Department of Surgery Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University of South Australia 3 Flinders Drive Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia Sch.ol of Psych.logy University of Adelaide Hughes Building North Terrace Adelaide SA 5005 Australia Discipline of Psych.atry The University of Adelaide Eleanor Harold Building Frome Road Adelaide SA 5005 Australia h.art Failure Self Management Program Ambulatory and Primary Healthcare Directorate Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre 207 Hampstead Road Northfield SA 5085 Australia

Research.to date indicates th.t th. number of coronary artery bypass graft （CABG） surgery patients affected by depression （i.e., major, minor, dysth.mia） approximates between 30% and 40% of all cases. A longstanding empirical interest on psych.social factors in CABG surgery patients h.gh.igh.s an association with.increased risk of morbidity in th. sh.rt and longer term. Recent evidence suggests th.t both.depression and anxiety increase th. risk for mortality and morbidity after CABG surgery independent of medical factors, alth.ugh.th. beh.vioral and biological mech.nisms are poorly understood. Th.ugh.neith.r depression nor anxiety seem to markedly affect neuropsy- ch.logical dysfunction, depression confers a risk for incident delirium. Following a compreh.nsive overview of recent literature, practical advice is described for clinicians taking into consideration possible screening aids to improve recognition of anxiety and depression among CABG surgery patients. An overview of contemporary interventions and randomized, controlled trials are described, along with.suggestions for future CABG surgery research.

关键词： Depression Depressive disorder Coronary artery bypass Coronary artery disease Antidepressive agents Anxiety

Novel approach.s for th. molecular classification of prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第5期12卷 620-622页

作者： robert h. Getzenberg Department of Urology James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore 21287 MD USA

Among th. urologic cancers, prostate cancer is by far th. most common, and it appears to h.ve th. potential to affect almost all men th.ough.ut th. world as th.y age. A number of studies h.ve sh.wn th.t many men with.prostate cancer will not die from th.ir disease, but rath.r with.th. disease but from oth.r causes. Th.se men h.ve a form of prostate cancer th.t is described as ＂very low risk＂ and h.s often been called indolent.

关键词： Prostate Cancer (genus) Neoplasms Men Beers Aluminium Classification

h.perexcitable neurons and altered non-neuronal cells in th. compressed spinal ganglion

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 597-602页

作者： robert h. LaMotte Ch.o MA Department of Anesth.siology Yale University School of Medicine 333 Cedar Street New Haven CT 06510 USA

Th. cell body or soma in th. dosal root ganglion(DRG) is normally excitable and th.s excitability can increase and persist after an injury of periph.ral sensory *** a rat model of radicular pain,an intraforaminal implantation of a rod th.t ch.onically compressed th. lumbar DRG("CCD" model) resulted in neuronal somal h.perexcitability and spontaneous activity th.t was accompanied by h.peralgesia in th. ipsilateral h.nd *** th. 5th.day after onset of CCD,th.re was a novel upregulation in neuronal expression of th. ch.mokine,monocyte ch.moattractant protein-1(MCP-1 or CCL2) and also its receptor,*** neurons developed,in response to topically applied MCP-1,an excitatory response th.t th.y normally do not *** also activated non-neuronal cells including,for example,th. endoth.lial cells as evidenced by angiogenesis in th. form of an increased number of capillaries in th. DRG after 7 days.A working h.poth.sis is th.t th. CCD induced ch.nges in neurons and non-neuronal cells th.t may act togeth.r to promote th. survival of th. injured *** release of ligands such.as CCL2,in addition to possibly activating nociceptive neurons(maintaining th. pain),may also act to preserve injured cells in th. face of isch.mia and h.poxia,for example,by promoting ***,somal h.perexcitability,as often said of inflammation,may represent a double edged sword.

关键词：神经元非神经细胞脊神经节临床分析

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Interview of robert ***

Science Ch.na Ch.mistry 2011年第12期54卷 2018-2020页

作者： Xue, Ziling Grubbs, robert h. Univ Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA CALTECh Pasadena CA 91125 USA Stanford Univ Stanford CA 94305 USA

robert h. Grubbs is a Nobel Laureate and th. Victor and Eliza-beth.Atkins Professor of Ch.mistry at th. California Institute of Tech.ology, USA. h. grew up in th. State of Kentucky,

关键词：诺贝尔奖获得者采访加州理工学院肯塔基州

Subtypes of functional dyspepsia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第17期12卷 2667-2671页

作者： Georgina baker robert J Fraser Graeme Young Department of Gastroenterology Repatriation General h.spital and Flinders Medical Centre Australia

Functional dyspepsia is a common clinical condition ch.racterised by ch.onic or recurrent upper abdominal pain or discomfort commonly associated with.a variety of associated gastrointestinal symptoms and a normal endoscopy. To standardise research.based approach.s, an initial categorisation of into sub groups was agreed to, based on clusters of symptoms. h.wever th. early expectation th.t th.se subgroups would be associated with.distinct path.ph.siologies amenable to specific th.rapy h.s not been realised. A classification based on th. most troublesome symptom h.s been suggested but th. utility of th.s is also unclear. More recent data suggest th.t some of th. path.ph.siologic dysfunctions may be associated with.specific symptoms and so provide a better tool for grouping patients. But th.s approach.remains incomplete as current insigh.s into th. path.genesis are still too limited for th.s to be satisfactory. In conclusion, no classification provides for an adequate treatment-based approach.to th. syndrome of functional dyspepsia. As a consequence treatment remains largely empiric.

关键词： Functional dyspepsia Classification Subtypes Symptoms Path.ph.siology Management

Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis th. opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 633-639页

作者： robert J Aitken Mark A baker Brett Nixon Priority Research.Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia.

Th.s ch.pter explores th. possibility th.t capacitation and apoptosis are linked processes joined by th.ir common dependence on th. continued generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. According to th.s model capacitation is initiated in spematozoa following th.ir release into th. female reproductive tract as a consequence of intracellular ROS generation, wh.ch.stimulates intracellular cAMP generation, inh.bits tyrosine ph.sph.tase activity and enh.nces th. formation of oxysterols prior to th.ir removal from th. sperm surface by albumin. Th. continued generation of ROS by capacitating populations of spermatozoa eventually overwh.lms th. limited capacity of th.se cells to protect th.mselves from oxidative stress. As a result th. over-capacitation of spermatozoa leads to a state of senescence and th. activation of a truncated intrinsic apoptotic cascade ch.racterized by enh.nced mitoch.ndrial RO$ generation, lipid peroxidation, motility loss, caspase activation and ph.sph.tidylserine externalization. Th. latter may be particularly important in instructing ph.gocytic leukocytes th.t th. removal of senescent, moribund spermatozoa sh.uld be a silent process unaccompanied by th. generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Th.se observations reveal th. central role played by redox ch.mistry in defining th. life and death.of spermatozoa. A knowledge of th.se mech.nisms may h.lp us to engineer novel solutions to both.support and preserve th. functionality of th.se h.gh.y specialized cells.

关键词： apoptosis reactive oxygen species sperm capacitation

Th. importance of depression and alcoh.l use in coronary artery bypass graft surgery patients：risk factors for delirium and poorer quality of life

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第1期13卷 51-57页

作者： Joanne M h.mph.eys Linley A Denson robert A baker Ph.llip J Tully Sch.ol of Psych.logy Faculty of Health Sciences University of Adelaide Australia Cardiac Surgery Research Department of Surgery School of Medicine Flinders University of South Australia Australia University of Bordeaux Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France INSERM Department of Neuroepidemiology Bordeaux France Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's h.alth Discipline of Medicine School of Medicine University of Adelaide Australia

ObjectiveToinvestigate wh.th.r depression, anxiety and stress increase th. risk for delirium and poor quality of life （QOL） after co-ronary artery bypass （CABG） *** total of 180 CABG patients （mean age of 63.5 ± 10.1 years, 82.2% males） completed baseline and postoperative self-report questionnaires to assess distress and QOL. Incident delirium was diagnosed postoperatively with.a structured clinical interview and patients were monitored every day post-operatively for confusion and disturbance in *** Delirium developed in 63 persons （35% of sample）. After adjustment for covariates, delirium was significantly associated with.depression [odds ratio （OR）： 1.08; 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.03-1.13,P = 0.003], anxiety （OR： 1.07; 95% CI： 1.02-1.13,P= 0.01） and stress （OR： 1.05; 95% CI： 1.00-1.09,P= 0.03）. Preoperative depression scores were associated with.poorer QOL including bodily pain （β =-0.39,P = 0.013）, vitality （β=-0.32,P = 0.020）, social functioning （β=-0.51,P≤0.001）, emotional role function （β=-0.44,P = 0.003） and general h.alth.（β=-0.33,P = 0.038）. Among th. covariates, h.rmful levels of alcoh.l use was consistently associated with.poorer *** Depression and h.rmful levels of alcoh.l use were consistently associated with.poorer QOL wh.reas depression, anxiety and stress were associated with.delirium risk. Th.se findings point to furth.r research.examining depression and h.rmful levels of alcoh.l use in coronary h.art disease populations undergoing coronary revascularization.

关键词： Coronary artery bypass grafts Coronary h.art disease Delirium Depression Quality of life

Proteomic ch.nges in mammalian spermatozoa during epididymal maturation

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 554-564页

作者： R. Joh. Aitken Brett Nixon Minjie Lin Adam J. Koppers Yun h. Lee Mark A. baker Th. ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotech.ology and Development University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308Australia Discipline of Biological Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

Epididymal maturation is associated with.th. activation of a cAMP-induced tyrosine ph.sph.rylation cascade, wh.ch.is ultimately associated with.th. expression of capacitation-dependent sperm functions, such.as h.peractivated movement and acrosomal exocytosis. As spermatozoa progress th.ough.th. epididymis th.y first acquire th. capacity to ph.sph.rylate tyrosine on targets on th. principal piece, followed by th. midpiece. By th. time th.se cells h.ve reach.d th. cauda epididymidis th.y can ph.sph.rylate th. entire tail from neck to endpiece. Th.s particular pattern of ph.sph.rylation is associated with.th. ontogeny of fully functional spermatozoa th.t are capable of fertilizing th. oocyte. Proteomic analyses indicate th.t th.s ch.nge is associated with.th. ph.sph.rylation of several mitoch.ndrial proteins, creation of a mitoch.ndrial membrane potential and activation of mitoch.ndrial free radical generation. At least in rodent species, activation of sperm mitoch.ndria appears to be a particularly important part of epididymal maturation. （Asian J Androl 2007 July; 9： 554-564）

关键词： epididymis mitoch.ndria spermatozoa tyrosine ph.sph.rylation

On-ch.p detection of a single nucleotide polymorph.sm with.ut polymerase amplification

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Nano Research 2014年第9期7卷 1302-1310页

作者： Jinh.e h.n Matth.w Tan Laksh.ana Sudh.endra robert h. Weiss Ian M. Kennedy Department of Mech.nical and Aerospace Engineering University of California Davis California 95616 USA Division of Neph.ology Department of Internal Medicine University of California Davis California 95616 USA Medical Service Sacramento VA Medical Center Sacramento California 95655 USA

A nanoparticle-assembled ph.tonic crystal （PC） array was used to detect single nucleotide polymorph.sm （SNP）. Th. assay platform with.PC nanostructure enh.nced th. fluorescent signal from nanoparticle-h.bridized DNA complexes due to ph.se match.ng of excitation and emission. Nanoparticles coupled with.probe DNA were trapped into nanowells in an array by using an electroph.retic particle entrapment system. Th. PC/DNA assay platform was able to identify a 1 base pair （bp） difference in synth.sized nucleotide sequences th.t mimicked th. mutation seen in a feline model of h.man autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease （PKD） with.a sensitivity of 0.9 fg/mL （50 aM）-sensitivity, wh.ch.corresponds to 30 oligos/array. Th. reliability of th. PC/DNA assay platform to detect SNP in a real sample was demonstrated by using genomic DNA （gDNA） extracted from th. urine and blood of two PKD-wild type and th.ee PKD positive cats. Th. standard curves for PKD positive （PKD＋） and negative （PKD-） DNA were created using two feline-urine samples. An additional th.ee urine samples were analyzed in a similar fash.on and sh.wed satisfactory agreement with.th. standard curve, confirming th. presence of th. mutation in affected urine. Th. limit of detection （LOD） was 0.005 ng/mL wh.ch.corresponds to 6 fg per array for gDNA in urine and blood. Th. PC system demonstrated th. ability to detect a number of genome equivalents for th. PKD SNP th.t was very similar to th. results reported with.real time polymerase ch.in reaction （PCR）. Th. favorable comparison with.quantitative PCR suggests th.t th. PC tech.ology may find application well beyond th. detection of th. PKD SNP, into areas wh.re a simple, ch.ap and portable nucleic acid analvsis is desirable.

关键词： ph.tonic crystal array single nucleotidepolymorph.sms DNA polycystic kidney disease real time polymerasech.in reaction (PCR)