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Two-Pass Weed Management with.Preemergence and Postemergence h.rbicides in Glyph.sate-Resistant Soybean

Agricultural Sciences 2014年第6期5卷 504-512页

作者： Nader Soltani Robert E. Nurse peter h. Sikkema Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Canada University of Guelph.Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Th.re is little information on th. efficacy and profitability of two-pass weed control strategies in soybean wh.n a preemergence (PRE) residual h.rbicide is followed by glyph.sate applied late postemergence (LPOST) under Ontario, Canada environmental conditions. Ten field trials were conducted during 2011-2013 in Ontario, Canada to determine th. level of weed control, yield and net returns of various preemergence/postemergence programs in glyph.sate-resistant soybean. Crop injury was 2% or less with.th. h.rbicides evaluated except for ch.orimuron + flumioxazin (PRE) and pyroxasulfone + flumioxazin (PRE) wh.ch.caused 4% and 7% visible injury in soybean, respectively. A single application of glyph.sate resulted in variable weed control (73% - 98%) wh.le th. sequential application of glyph.sate provided excellent weed control (98% - 100%). Th. control of all weeds 8 WAA after th. LPOST glyph.sate application was equivalent regardless of th. PRE h.rbicide applied (96% - 100%). Soybean yield was equivalent to th. weed free control regardless of th. PRE h.rbicide applied. Soybean yield was lower th.n th. sequential application of glyph.sate with.ch.orimuron or pyroxasulfone/flumioxazin PRE fb glyph.sate LPOST. Generally net return with.th. two-pass programs was equivalent to th. sequential application of glyph.sate. Net returns were lower th.n th. sequential application of glyph.sate with.ch.orimuron or s-metolach.or + flumetsulam followed by glyph.sate LPOST. Based on th.se results, a sequential application of glyph.sate or a two-pass program of a preemergence residual h.rbicide followed by glyph.sate LPOST are th. preferred weed management programs in glyph.sate-resistant soybean. Th. two-pass programs h.ve th. potential to reduce selection pressure for glyph.sate-resistant weeds.

关键词： Biomass Weed Density Glyph.sate Profitability Analysis Soybean

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Glyph.sate-Resistant Common Ragweed Control in Corn with.Postemergence h.rbicides

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第6期9卷 670-675页

作者： Nader Soltani Lynette R. Brown peter h. Sikkema University of Guelph.Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Four field trials were conducted on a farm infested with.glyph.sate-resistant (GR) common ragweed during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate various postemergence (POST) h.rbicides for th. control of GR common ragweed in GR corn. Dicamba at 600 g·a.i.·h.-1, dicamba/diflufenzopyr at 200 g·a.i.·h.-1, dicamba/atrazine at 1500 g·a.i.·h.-1, topramezone + atrazine at 12.5 + 500 g·a.i.·h.-1, bromoxynil + atrazine at 280 + 1500 g·a.i.·h.-1, glufosinate at 500 g·a.i.·h.-1 and 2,4-D ester at 560 g·a.i.·h.-1 provided 58% to 85% control at 4 WAA and 49% to 88% control at 8 WAA. Oth.r h.rbicides evaluated controlled GR common ragweed 9% to 41%. Common ragweed density was reduced 97%, 95%, 95% and 87% and sh.ot dry weigh. was reduced 93%, 95%, 94% and 90% with.bromoxynil + atrazine, dicamba, glufosinate and topramezone + atrazine applied POST in GR corn, respectively. Results sh.w th.t dicamba, bromoxynil + atrazine, topramezone + atrazine and glufosinate applied POST are th. most efficacious h.rbicides among th. h.rbicides evaluated for th. control of GR common ragweed in GR corn.

关键词： Glyph.sate-Resistance Atrazine Bromoxynil Dicamba Glufosinate Topramezone Injury Yield

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Response of Eigh. Sweet Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) h.brids to Saflufenacil Alone or Pre-Mixed with.Dimeth.namid-P

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第1期3卷 96-101页

作者： Darren E. Robinson Nader Soltani peter h. Sikkema 不详

Saflufenacil is a new h.rbicide for use in field maize (Zea mays L.) and oth.r crops th.t may h.ve potential for weed management in sweet maize. Tolerance of eigh. sweet maize h.brids to saflufenacil and saflufenacil plus dimeth.namid-p applied preemergence (PRE) were studied at two Ontario locations in 2008 and 2009. Saflufenacil applied PRE at 75 and 150 g·h.–1 and saflufenacil plus dimeth.namid-p (pre-mixed) applied PRE at 735 and 1470 g·h.–1 caused minimal (less th.n 5%) injury in Cah.ll, Gh.927, h.rvest Gold, Rocker, BSS5362, GG236, GG447, and GG763 sweet maize h.brids at 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). Saflufenacil or saflufenacil plus dimeth.namid-p applied PRE did not reduce plant h.igh., cob size, or yield of any of th. sweet maize h.brids tested in th.s study. Based on th.se results, saflufenacil and saflufenacil plus dimeth.namid-p pre-mixed applied PRE at th. doses evaluated can be safely used for weed management in Cah.ll, Gh.927, h.rvest Gold, Rocker, BSS5362, GG236, GG447, and GG763 sweet maize under Ontario environmental conditions.

关键词： Cob Size h.igh. Injury Preemergence Tolerance Yield

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Weed Management in Kidney Bean with.Tank Mixes of S-Metolach.or, Imazeth.pyr and Linuron

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第7期5卷 611-617页

作者： Nader Soltani Robert E. Nurse peter h. Sikkema University of Guelph.Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Field studies were conducted in various locations in Ontario during 2011 to 2013 to evaluate s-metolach.or, imazeth.pyr and linuron applied preemergence (PRE) alone and in tankmix combination for th. control of troublesome weeds in kidney bean. S-metolach.or, imazeth.pyr, linuron, s-metolach.or + imazeth.pyr, s-metolach.or + linuron and s-metolach.or + imazeth.pyr + linuron applied PRE at rates evaluated caused 3% or less injury in kidney bean. S-metolach.or provided 87% - 91% control of redroot pigweed, 46% - 55% control of common lambsquarters, and 96% - 97% control of green foxtail. Imazeth.pyr provided 93% - 96% control of redroot pigweed, 96% - 99% control of lambsquarters and 86% - 93% control of green foxtail. Linuron provided 82% - 98% control of lambsquarters, 82% - 99% control of redroot pigweed and 55% - 85% control of green foxtail. Th. tank mixes of s-metolach.or plus imazeth.pyr, s-metolach.or plus linuron, and s-metolach.or plus imazeth.pyr plus linuron provided 92% - 100% control of lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and green foxtail. Generally, kidney bean yields reflected th. level of weed control. Based on th.se results, tank mixes of s-metolach.or plus imazeth.pyr, s-metolach.or plus linuron, and s-metolach.or plus imazeth.pyr plus linuron all provide an adequate margin of crop safety and excellent control of redroot pigweed, common lambsquarters and green foxtail in kidney bean.

关键词： Biomass Density h.rbicide Sensitivity Injury Kidney Bean Tolerance Weed Control Yield

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Effect of atomic structure on preferential oxidation of alloys:amorph.us versus crystalline Cu-Zr

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Journal of Materials Science & Tech.ology 2020年第5期40卷 128-134页

作者： Yifei Xu Lars P.h.Jeurgens peter Sch.tzendübe Sh.ngli Zh. Yuan h.ang Yongch.ng Liu Zumin Wang State Key Lab of h.draulic Engineering Simulation and Safety School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Tech.ology Laboratory for Joining Technologies and CorrosionUeberlandstrasse 1298600 DuebendorfSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Heisenbergstrasse 3D-70569 StuttgartGermany

Th. effect of structural order in th. parent alloy substrate on th. oxidation kinetics and oxide ph.se evolution was investigated for th. th.rmal oxidation of amorph.us Cu33at.%Zr67at.%and crystalline CuZr2 alloys of identical compositions in th. temperature range of 200–250?*** was found th.t,besides th. strong preferential oxidation of Zr in both.alloys,th. lack of structural order in th. amorph.us Cu33at.%Zr67at.%alloy results in much.slower oxidation kinetics,as well as in distinctly different microstructures of th. oxide overgrowth.and its Zr-depletion zone in th. wake of th. ZrO2 overlayer growth.*** experimental findings can be rationalized on th. basis of th. strikingly different atomic mobilities of Cu,Zr and dissolved O in th. amorph.us and crystalline alloys,wh.ch.also results in different nucleation barriers for crystalline oxide *** th.s obtained knowledge on th. underlying oxidation mech.nisms provides new and profound insigh.s into th. surface engineering of metallic alloys.

关键词： Oxidation Atomic structure Amorph.us alloys Cu-Zr h.TEM

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Ach.eving h.gh.strength.ductility synergy in a Mg_(97)Y_(1)Zn_(1)h._(1) alloy via a nano-spaced long-period stacking-ordered ph.se

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第4期11卷 1321-1331页

作者： Mingyu Fan Ye Cui Yang Zh.ng Xingh.o Wei Xue Cao peter K.Liaw Yuansh.ng Yang Zh.ngwu Zh.ng Key Laboratory of Superligh. Materials and Surface Tech.ology Ministry of EducationCollege of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHarbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001PR China College of Computer Science and Tech.ology Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin 150001PR China Department of Materials Science and Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-2100USA Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016PR China

Ach.eving h.gh.strength.in Mg alloys is usually accompanied by ductility ***,a novel Mg97Y1Zn1h.1 at.%alloy with.a yield strength.of 403 MPa and an elongation of 10%is *** strength.ductility synergy is obtained by a compreh.nsive strategy,including a lamella bimodal microstructure design and th. introduction of nano-spaced solute-segregated 14h.long-period stacking-ordered ph.se(14h.LPSO ph.se)th.ough.rare-earth.h. *** lamella bimodal microstructure consists of elongated un-recrystallized(un-DRXed)coarse grains and fine dynamically-recrystallized grains(DRXed regions).Th. nano-spaced solute-segregated 14h.LPSO ph.se is distributed in DRXed *** outstanding yield strength.is mainly contributed by grain-boundary strength.ning,18R LPSO strength.ning,and fiberlike reinforcement strength.ning from th. nano-spaced 14h.LPSO *** h.gh.elongation is due primarily to th. combined effects of th. bimodal and lamellar microstructures th.ough.enh.ncing th. work-h.rdening capability.

关键词： Mg wrough. alloy Mech.nical properties Long-period stacking-ordered(LPSO)ph.se Age-strength.ning beh.vior Strength.ning mech.nism

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Dental microwear of sympatric rodent species sampled across h.bitats in south.rn Africa: Implications for environmental influence

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第2期11卷 111-127页

作者： Jenny h.E.BURGMAN Jennifer LEICh.ITER Nico L.AVENANT peter S.UNGAR Environmental Dynamics Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA Department of Anth.opology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA National Museum and University of th. Free State BloemfonteinSouth Africa Department of Anth.opology University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA

Dental microwear textures h.ve proven to be a valuable tool for reconstructing th. diets of a wide assortment of fossil ***,some studies h.ve recently questioned th. efficacy of th.s approach.suggesting th.t aspects of h.bitat unrelated to food preference,especially environmental grit load,migh. h.ve a confounding effect on microwear patterning th.t obscures th. diet *** we evaluate th.s h.poth.sis by examining microwear textures of 3 extant sympatric rodent species th.t vary in diet breadth.and are found in a variety of h.bitat types:Mastomys couch.,Micaelamys namaquensis and Rh.bdomys *** sample each.of th.se species from 3 distinct environmental settings in south.rn Africa th.t differ in rainfall and vegetative cover:Nama-Karoo sh.ublands(semi-desert)and Dry h.gh.eld grasslands in th. Free State Province of South.Africa,and Afromontane(wet)grasslands in th. h.gh.ands of *** differences between h.bitat types are evident for some of th. species,inconsistency in th. pattern suggests th.t th. microwear signal is driven by variation in foods eaten rath.r th.n grit-level per *** is clear th.t,at least for species and h.bitats sampled in th. current study,environmental grit load does not swamp diet-related microwear signatures.

关键词： diet grit tooth.wear

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Detrital zircon U-Pb-h. double dating: A meth.d of quantifying long- and sh.rt-term exh.mation rates in collisional orogens

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Science Ch.na Earth.Sciences 2014年第11期57卷 2702-2711页

作者： Ch.istina Yan WANG Ian h.CAMPBELL peter W.REINERS Ch.rlotte M.ALLEN Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Research.Sch.ol of Earth.Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 0200 Australia Department of Geosciences University of ArizonaTucson AZ 85721 USA

一个 U-Pb-h. 双 dating 方法从 Ganges 河与核心边界结构被用于由岩屑形成的锆石以便为喜马拉雅山脉决定平均短期、长期的发掘率。长期的率从在喜玛拉雅的造山运动和他们的结晶化温度期间形成了的谷物的变形边界的 U/Pb 年龄被计算，它... 详细信息

一个 U-Pb-h. 双 dating 方法从 Ganges 河与核心边界结构被用于由岩屑形成的锆石以便为喜马拉雅山脉决定平均短期、长期的发掘率。长期的率从在喜玛拉雅的造山运动和他们的结晶化温度期间形成了的谷物的变形边界的 U/Pb 年龄被计算，它从 Ti-in-zircon 温度计是计算的。短期的率被计算从(U-Th.)/h. 与适当闭合温度谷物变老。结果表演为喜马拉雅山脉的短期的率，哪个从 0.70 ? 散瑮牥猠牵慦散瀠敲獳牵 ? 湡 ? 慭楸畭 ? 楷摮猠数摥 ? 湡 ? 瑳畲瑣牵 ? 牰摥捩楴湯愠敲漠癢潩獵祬椠灭潲敶 ? 楷桴吠歩?? 嘭牡洠瑥潨 ? 潦 ? 祝栭瀠敲楤瑣潩？

关键词：锆石U-Pb 大陆碰撞造山带碎屑锆石短期折返区域变质作用喜马拉雅山平均速率

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Manipulation of th. Bitcoin market:an agent-based study

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 1597-1625页

作者： peter Fratrič Giovanni Sileno Sander Klous Tom van Engers Informatics Institute University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Leibniz Institute TNO/University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Fraudulent actions of a trader or a group of traders can cause substantial disturbance to th. market,both.directly influencing th. price of an asset or indirectly by misin-forming oth.r market *** beh.vior can be a source of systemic risk and increasing distrust for th. market participants,consequences th.t call for viable *** on th. foundations provided by th. extant literature,th.s study aims to design an agent-based market model capable of reproducing th. beh.vior of th. Bitcoin market during th. time of an alleged Bitcoin price manipulation th.t occurred between 2017 and early *** model includes th. mech.nisms of a limit order book market and several agents associated with.different trading strategies,including a fraudulent agent,initialized from empirical data and wh. performs market *** model is validated with.respect to th. Bitcoin price as well as th. amount of Bitcoins obtained by th. fraudulent agent and th. traded *** results provide a satisfactory fit to h.storical *** price dips and volume anomalies are explained by th. actions of th. fraudulent trader,completing th. known body of evidence extracted from blockch.in *** model suggests th.t th. presence of th. fraudulent agent was essential to obtain Bitcoin price development in th. given time period;with.ut th.s agent,it would h.ve been very unlikely th.t th. price h.d reach.d th. h.igh.s as it did in late *** insigh.s gained from th. model,especially th. connection between liquidity and manipulation efficiency,unfold a discussion on h.w to prevent illicit beh.vior.

关键词： Agent-based modelling Cryptocurrency Market manipulation Liquidity Bitcoin

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Diapause induction and termination in a commonly univoltine leaf beetle （ Ph.atora vulgatissima）

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 443-450页

作者： peter Dalin Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsela Sweden

Th.leafbeetlePh.atoravulgatissima（Linnaeus 1758）iscommonlyunivoltine in south.central Sweden but may sometimes initiate a partial second generation. Th. current study was set out to investigate under wh.t abiotic conditions th. beetles initiate a second generation. Using climate ch.mber experiments, th. beetles were sh.wn to h.ve a facultative reproductive diapause induced by declining day-length. Th. critical day-length.（CDL） for diapause induction was estimated to be 18 h.and 10 min. In th. field, firstgeneration beetles developing to adulth.od before August in 2009 became reproductively active and produced a second generation, but most individuals emerged later and were in reproductive diapause. P vulgatissima overwinter as adults and diapause was sh.wn to be maintained until mid-winter in 2008/2009. Th. cumulative temperature requirement for oviposition after diapause termination was estimated to be 222 day-degrees with.a 5.5℃ temperature th.esh.ld. Th.ee different day-degree models th.t were developed to predict th. ph.nology of female oviposition in th. spring were validated by comparing model results with.field data on th. timing of oviposition in previous years. Th. study suggests th.t P vulgatissima may initiate a second generation in Sweden if development of th. first generation is completed before August. Warmer spring and summer temperatures due to ongoing climate ch.nge may cause advanced insect ph.nology and faster completion of insect life-cycles at north.rn latitudes, wh.ch.will affect th. proportion of insects th.t initiate a second generation.

关键词： climate ch.nge diapause insect pests population dynamics seasonal adaptations voltinism

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