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Implications of de Facto Reuse on Future Regulatory Developments for Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Auth.rity in Okatie, South.Carolina, USA

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第2期15卷 173-192页

作者： Tricia h. Kilgore Sh.bh.sh.ni Oza Jeremy h.tfield Kath.rine Y. Bell Department of Tech.ology and Innovation Beaufort-Jasper Water & Sewer Authority Okatie SC USA Department of Research.and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Charlotte NC USA Department of Digital Solutions Brown and Caldwell Cleveland OH USA Department of Research.and Innovation Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

A significant portion of th. national water supply can be attributed to de facto or unplanned potable reuse, th.ugh.th. extent of its contribution is difficult to estimate. Fortunately, th. contribution of Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF) effluent to waters th.t supply drinking water treatment plants h.s been documented by some communities. In th. United States (US), among th. top 25 most impacted drinking water treatment plants by upstream WRRF, 16% of th. influent flow to th. drinking water treatment plant under average streamflow and up to 100% under low-flow conditions is WRRF effluent. Currently, th. full extent of de facto reuse in th. US may be much.h.gh.r because of population growth. Th. scenario is no different for Beaufort-Jasper Water and Sewer Auth.rity (BJWSA) in South.Carolina, US, with.contributions to th. Savannah.River originating from numerous WRRF and oth.r upstream disch.rgers. South.Carolina coastal utilities such.as BJSWA are considering direct and indirect potable reuse options, driven by disposal limitations and ch.llenges. Currently, South.Carolina does not h.ve a framework, guidelines, or regulations for reuse, but discussions h.ve started among th. regulated community. In addition to understanding th. extent of de facto reuse, th. state will need to develop standards and best practices to enable future adoption of planned potable reuse solutions to water resources ch.llenges. Such.guidance sh.uld address h.man h.alth.risk management and tech.ical considerations regarding treatment in addition to oth.r factors, including source control, storage, fail-safe operation, monitoring, non-cost factors, and public acceptance. Th.s study conducted a mapping assessment specific to BJWSA, sampled at four locations on Savannah.River, and observed th.t de facto reuse is approximately 4.6% to 5.9% during low-flow month. and is with.n th. range generally observed nationwide. Wh.n coupled with.evidence th.t planned potable reuse can improve h.man h

关键词： Water Reuse De Facto Reuse Planned Potable Reuse Water Recycling Wastewater Derived Contaminants

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Processes involving soil CO_(2)dynamic in a sector of Ch.co-Pampean plain,Argentina:An isotope geoch.mical approach

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Acta Geoch.mica 2024年第5期43卷 947-958页

作者： Sanci Romina Panarello h.ctor Instituto de Geociencias Básicas Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires(IGEBA)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón IIPiso 1C1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina Instituto de Geocronología y Geología Isotópica(INGEIS) Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresCABAIntendente Güiraldes 2160Pabellón INGEISC1428EGA Ciudad UniversitariaArgentina

Th. magnitude and spatial variability of CO_(2)surface emissions and processes involving CO_(2)released to th. atmosph.re from th. soils are relevant issues in th. context of climate *** work evaluated CO_(2)fluxes and^(13)C/^(12)C ratio of vegetation,organic matter,and soil gases from no disturbed soils of Ch.co Pampean Plain(Argentina)with.different soil properties and environmental conditions(PL and PA units).Soil organic decomposition from individual layers was accompanied byδ^(13)C of total organic carbon(δ^(13)C-TOC)values more enrich.d to depth.δ^(13)C-TOC values in th. upper soil profile~ca.0–15 cm were like th. plant community of th.s area(~−33 to−29‰)wh.leδ^(13)CTOC varied stronger bellow h.rizon A,till~−24‰.Both.^(13)C-TOC and soilδ^(13)C-CO_(2)were similar(~−24 to 26‰)at deeper h.rizons(~50–60 cm).Toward th. superficial layers,δ^(13)C-TOC andδ^(13)C-CO_(2)sh.wed more differences(till~4‰),due influence of th. diffusion *** A layer(~0–20 cm)from both.PL and PA units contained th. most enrich.dδ^(13)C-CO_(2)values(~−15–17‰)because atmosph.ric CO_(2)permeated th. soil air.A simple two-component mixing model between sources(atmosph.ricδ^(13)C-CO_(2)and soil CO_(2))confirmed th.t ***,CO_(2)fluxes reflected th. biodegradation of C3 plants(source),diffusive transport,and CO_(2)exch.nge(atmosph.re/soil).Soil moisture content appeared as a determining factor in th. diffusion process and th. magnitude of CO_(2)surface emissions(12–60 g·m^(−2)·d^(−1)).Th.t condition was confirmed by CO_(2)diffusion coefficients estimated by air-filled porosity parameters and soil radon gradient model.

关键词： Soil CO_(2) Carbon isotopes Isotope fractionation Radon gases

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Well-Posedness of Stoch.stic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Ch.nese Annals of Math.matics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： Luca GALIMBERTI Kenneth.h.KARLSEN Department of Math.matical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of math.matics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

Th. auth.rs analyze continuity equations with.Stratonovich.stoch.sticity,■ρ+divh.ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth.closed Riemannian manifold M with.metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth.spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with.divh.u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,wh.re d is th. dimension of M(th.y do not assume div_(h. u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully ch.sen noise vector fields ai(and th. number N of th.m),th.y sh.w th.t th. initial-value problem is well-posed in th. class of weak L^(2) solutions,alth.ugh.th. problem can be ill-posed in th. deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of th.s“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,wh.ch.is obtained by a duality meth.d,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stoch.stic continuity equation Riemannian manifold h.perbolic equa-tion Non-smooth.velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

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Optimization of Stealth.atch.Network Security System for th. Detection and Mitigation of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack: Application to Smart Grid System

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Communications and Network 2024年第3期16卷 108-134页

作者： Emmanuel S. Kolawole Penrose S. Cofie Joh. h. Fuller Cajetan M. Akujuobi Emmanuel A. Dada Justin F. Foreman Pamela h. Obiomon Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Prairie View A&M University Prairie View TX USA

Th. Smart Grid is an enh.ncement of th. traditional grid system and employs new tech.ologies and soph.sticated communication tech.iques for electrical power transmission and distribution. Th. Smart Grid’s communication network sh.res information about status of its several integrated IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Devices). h.wever, th. IEDs connected th.ough.ut th. Smart Grid, open opportunities for attackers to interfere with.th. communications and utilities resources or take clients’ private data. Th.s development h.s introduced new cyber-security ch.llenges for th. Smart Grid and is a very concerning issue because of emerging cyber-th.eats and security incidents th.t h.ve occurred recently all over th. world. Th. purpose of th.s research.is to detect and mitigate Distributed Denial of Service [DDoS] with.application to th. Electrical Smart Grid System by deploying an optimized Stealth.atch.Secure Network analytics tool. In th.s paper, th. DDoS attack in th. Smart Grid communication networks was modeled using Stealth.atch.tool. Th. simulated network consisted of Secure Network Analytic tools virtual mach.nes (VMs), electrical Grid network communication topology, attackers and Target VMs. Finally, th. experiments and simulations were performed, and th. research.results sh.wed th.t Stealth.atch.analytic tool is very effective in detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks in th. Smart Grid System with.ut causing any blackout or sh.tdown of any internal systems as compared to oth.r tools such.as GNS3, NeSSi2, NISST Framework, OMNeT++, INET Framework, ReaSE, NS2, NS3, M5 Simulator, OPNET, PLC & TIA Portal management Software wh.ch.do not h.ve th. capability to do so. Also, using Stealth.atch.tool to create a security baseline for Smart Grid environment, contributes to risk mitigation and sound security h.giene.

关键词： Smart Grid System Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems Detection Mitigation and Stealth.atch

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Organic X-Ray Image Sensors Using a Medium Bandgap Polymer Donor with.Low Dark Current

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ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS 2024年第6期7卷 230-237页

作者： h., Jong-Woon Eom, Seung h.n Ch., Bo Kyung Song, Seyeong Eun, h.eong Ju Kim, Jong h. Park, Jong Mok Kim, Bongsoo Park, Byoungwook Ko, Seo-Jin Yoon, Sung Ch.ol Lee, Ch.ngjin Jung, In h.an h.ang, Do-h.on Pusan Natl Univ Chem Inst Funct Mat Dept Chem Busan 46241 South Korea Korea Res Inst Ch.m Tech.ol KRICT Div Adv Energy Mat Res Ctr Daejeon 34114 South Korea Korea Electrotech.ol Res Inst KERI Electromed Device Res Ctr Ansan 15588 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Tech.ol UNIST Grad Sch Carbon Neutral Sch Energy & Chem Engn Ulsan 44919 South Korea Ajou Univ Dept Mol Sci & Technol Suwon 16449 South Korea Korea Res Inst Ch.m Tech.ol Res Ctr Adv Specialty Chem Ulsan 44412 South Korea Ulsan Natl Inst Sci & Tech.ol UNIST Dept Chem Ulsan 44919 South Korea h.nyang Univ Dept Organ & Nano Engn Human Tech Convergence Program 222 Wangsimni Ro Seoul 04763 South Korea

Th. development of portable X-ray detectors is necessary for diagnosing fractures in unconscious patients in emergency situations. h.wever, th.s is quite ch.llenging because of th. h.avy weigh. of th. scintillator and silicon ph.todetectors. Th. weigh. and th.ckness of X-ray detectors can be reduced by replacing th. silicon layer with.an organic ph.todetectors. Th.s study presents a novel bith.enopyrroledione-based polymer donor th.t exh.bits excellent ph.todetection properties even in a th.ck ph.toactive layer (similar to 700 nm), owing to th. symmetric backbone and h.gh.y soluble molecular structure of bith.enopyrroledione. Th. ability of bith.enopyrroledione-based polymer donor to strongly suppress th. dark current density (J(d) similar to 10(-10) A cm(-2)) at a negative bias (-2.0 V) wh.le maintaining h.gh.responsivity (R = 0.29 A W-1) even at a th.ckness of 700 nm results in a maximum sh.t-noise-limited specific detectivity of D-sh. = 2.18 x 10(13) Jones in th. organic ph.todetectors. Printed organic ph.todetectors are developed by slot-die coating for use in X-ray detectors, wh.ch.exh.bit D-sh. = 2.73 x 10(12) Jones with.clear rising (0.26 s) and falling (0.29 s) response times upon X-ray irradiation. Detection reliability is also proven by linear response of th. X-ray detector, and th. X-ray detection limit is 3 mA.

关键词： low dark current low detection limit organic ph.todetector printable X-ray DETECTORS Ph.TOCONDUCTORS SENSITIVITY

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Membrane-coated nanoparticles as a biomimetic targeted delivery system for tumour th.rapy

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Biomaterials Translational 2024年第1期5卷 33-45页

作者： Guo h. Guo M. Xia Z. Sh.o Z. Department of Orth.paedic Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Department of Orth.paedic Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Fourth Medical College of Peking University Beijing China National Center for Orth.paedics Beijing China Department of Orth.paedics Affiliated Hospital of NCO School of Army Medical University Hebei Province Shijiazhuang China Centre for Nanoh.alth ILS2 Medical School Swansea University Swansea United Kingdom Department of Orth.paedics Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Province Wuhan China

Drug th.rapy towards tumours often causes adverse effects because of th.ir non-specific nature. Membrane-coated tech.ology and membrane-coated nanoparticles provide an advanced and promising platform of targeted and safe delivery. By camouflaging th. nanoparticles with.natural derived or artificially modified cell membranes, th. nano-payloads are bestowed with.properties from cell membranes such.as longer circulation, tumour or inflammation-targeting, immune stimulation, augmenting th. performance of traditional th.rapeutics. In th.s review, we review th. development of membrane coating tech.ology, and summarise th. tech.ical details, ph.sicoch.mical properties, and research.status of membrane-coated nanoparticles from different sources in tumour treatment. Finally, we also look forward to th. prospects and ch.llenges of transforming membrane coating tech.ology from experiment into clinical use. Taken togeth.r, membrane-coated nanoparticles are bound to become one of th. most potential anti-tumour strategies in th. future. © 2024, Ch.nese Medical Multimedia Press Co Ltd. All righ.s reserved.

关键词： biomimetic targeted delivery system membrane-coated nanoparticles membrane-coated tech.ology tumour th.rapy

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An Adaptive Data-driven Meth.d Based on Fuzzy Logic for Determining Power System Voltage Status

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 707-718页

作者： Sirwan Sh.zdeh.h.min Golpîra h.ssan Bevrani th. SMGRC University of KurdistanSanandajIran Power Systems Modeling&Simulation Lab Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of KurdistanKurdistanSanandaj 66177-15175Iran

Th.s paper proposes an adaptive meth.d based on fuzzy logic th.t utilizes data from ph.sor measurement units(PMUs) to assess and classify generating-side voltage trajectories. Th. voltage variable and its associated derivatives are used as th. input variables of a fuzzy-logic block. In addition, th. voltage trajectory is compared with.th. pre-selected pilot-bus voltage to make a reliable decision about th. voltage operational state. Different types of sh.rt-term voltage dynamics are considered in th. proposed meth.d. Th. fuzzy membersh.p functions are determined using a systematic meth.d th.t considers th. current situation of th. voltage trajectory. Finally, th. voltage status is categorized into four classes to determine appropriate remedial actions. Th. proposed meth.d is validated on a IEEE 73-bus power system in a MATLAB environment.

关键词： Fuzzy logic fault-induced delayed voltage recovery ph.sor measurement unit(PMU) sh.rt-term voltage stability situational awareness voltage classification

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Bridging digital and electromagnetic realms for enh.nced wireless communication: current space

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 9-10页

作者： Qammer h.Abbasi James Watt Sch.ol of Engineering University of Glasgow

Digital, coding, and programmable metasurfaces h.ve attracted widespread attention in wireless communication fields owing to th.ir distinguish.d capability in manipulating electromagnetic (EM)waves [1]. Metasurfaces consist of planar subwavelength.meta-atoms and are a twodimensional form of metamaterials [2].Th.se engineered surfaces can flexibly control th. properties of EM waves, such.as magnitude, ph.se, and polarization. In particular, coding metasurfaces provide a bridge between th. digital world and th. ph.sical world. Accordingly, modeling and analyzing th. coding metasurfaces from th. perspective of information th.ory h.s become one of th. most important research.focuses of th. scientific community [3,4].

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Predicting th. Stitch.Density of Finish.d Fabrics Using Weft Blended Grey Knit Fabrics

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Journal of Textile Science and Tech.ology 2024年第3期10卷 51-63页

作者： Kazi Md. Elias Moh.mmad Obaidur Rah.an h. M. Zakir h.ssain Department of Ph.sics Jahangirnagar University Savar Bangladesh Jute Textile Wing Bangladesh Jute Research Institute Dhaka Bangladesh

Stitch.density is one of th. critical quality parameters of knit fabrics. Th.s parameter is closely related to oth.r ph.sical quality parameters like fabric weigh., fabric tigh.ness factor, fiber types, blend ratio, yarn diameter and linear density, and fabric structure. Selecting stitch.density (wales per inch. course per inch. is essential to getting th. appropriate fabric weigh. and desired quality. Usually, no rules or assumptions exist to get th. desired stitch.density in th. finish.d fabric stage. Fifteen types of blended knit fabrics were prepared to conduct th. study. Th. varying percentages of cotton, polyester, and elastane are incorporated in th. blends. Regression analysis and regression ANOVA tests were done to predict th. stitch.density of finish.d fabrics. A suitable regression equation is establish.d to get th. desired results. Th. study also found th.t th. stitch.density value in th. finish.d stage fabric decreases by approximately 15% compared to th. stitch.density in th. grey fabric stage. Th.s study will h.lp th. fabric manufacturers get th. finish.d fabric stitch.density in advance by utilizing th. grey fabric stitch.density data set. Th. auth.r expects th.s research.to benefit th. knitting and dyeing industry, new research.rs, and advanced research.rs.

关键词： Wales per Inch Course per Inch Stitch.Density Blended Knit Fabric

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不朽与现代性

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世界哲学 2024年第2期 113-126页

作者： [美]h.约纳斯方秋明(译) 林伟毅(译) 不详苏州科技大学政治系福建师范大学马克思主义学院

文章批判了自古以来的两种不朽观,分别为经验性的不朽,包括英名不朽和影响不朽;非经验性的不朽,包括灵魂不朽和实体不朽。这些都被现代性否定了,契合现代性的不朽观是行动不朽,它是自我超越领域的不朽,是指我们存在的某种东西可能通达... 详细信息

文章批判了自古以来的两种不朽观,分别为经验性的不朽,包括英名不朽和影响不朽;非经验性的不朽,包括灵魂不朽和实体不朽。这些都被现代性否定了,契合现代性的不朽观是行动不朽,它是自我超越领域的不朽,是指我们存在的某种东西可能通达了不死性,也就是说我们的世俗行为对超越领域发生影响而产生的不朽。受犹太教中的生命册和诺斯替宗教中上帝的终极形象的启发,文章在这两种象征方式的基础上提出了非全能的上帝形象这个“试验性神话”,认为人类的行为会建构或伤害上帝的形象,只有通过向善的责任行为,维护受到威胁的人类存在,完善上帝的不朽形象,才能获得自身的不朽。

关键词：英名不朽影响不朽灵魂不朽实体不朽行动不朽

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