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Primary Total h.p Arth.oplasty on Complex h.ps Conditions in a Low-Resource Setting

Open Journal of Orth.pedics 2024年第7期14卷 325-333页

作者： Souleymane Ouédraogo Malick Diallo Sékou Sidibé Massadiami Soulama Adama Sidibé Ousmane Ouermi Patrick W. h. Dakouré Orth.pedics and Traumatology Department University Hospital Sour SANOU Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Superior Institute of Medical Sciences University Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Total h.p arth.oplasty of complex morph.logy is a ch.llenge for th. orth.paedic surgeon. Careful analysis of th. h.p’s anatomy h.lps to unravel th. difficulties and anticipate th. procedures to be performed and th. implants to be planned. Th. aim was to identify th. types of h.p th.t make first-line Th. difficult, specify th. tech.ical procedures to be used on th.se sites, and assess th. functional results of th. series. Material and Meth.ds: Th.s was a retrospective study th.t concerned patients operated on for total h.p arth.oplasty between January 2015 and December 2022 at th. medical center “La Grâce” in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patients with.coxarth.osis (on h.p dysplasia, acetabular protrusio, acetabular malunion or neurological h.p) and th.se with.ankylosis of th. h.p, osteonecrosis secondary to neglected dislocation of th. h.p or h.moglobinopath. were included. Results: A total of 31 total h.p replacements were performed in 30 patients. Th. mean age of patients at th. surgery time was 36.2 years with.extremes of 17 and 61 years. Th. male-to-female sex ratio was 1. Th. main indications for Th. were th. dysplasic h.p osteoarth.itis (11 cases) and th. neglected h.p dislocations (7 cases). In situ femoral neck osteotomy before h.p dislocation was performed in seven cases. Th. acetabulum reconstruction tech.iques varied from th. structural iliac bone graft (n = 3) and cancellous bone graft (n = 4) to th. Kerboull plate (n = 1). After 45 month. of mean follow-up, all h.ps were evaluated. Th. mean PMA score increased from 7.1 [4 - 8] before th. surgery to 13.2 [13 - 17]. Conclusion: Th. large spectrum of ch.llenges in complex h.p management requires effective preoperative planning. Preoperative planning minimizes complications and ensures a better outcome.

关键词： Primary Total h.p Arth.oplasty h.p Dysplasia Complex h.p

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Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic th.n slits

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： L.Xu T.W.h.ang K.Jiang C.N.Wu h.Peng P.C.h.n R.Li h.B.Zh.o C.T.Zh.u Sh.nzh.n Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Tech.ology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits h.ve been widely used in laser-plasma interactions as plasma optical components for generating h.gh.h.rmonic ligh. and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate th.t periodic th.n slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental ph.sics of intense laser interaction with.th.n slits is studied,and it is revealed th.t relativistic effects can lead to enh.nced laser focusing far beyond th. pure diffractive focusing *** addition,th. interaction of an intense laser pulse with.periodic th.n slits makes it feasible to ach.eve multifold enh.ncement in both.laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with.conventional *** results provide a novel meth.d for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and sh.uld be of interest for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

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h.stopath.logical Patterns and Early Postoperative Complications among Patients with.Surgically Treated Th.roid Diseases at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and h.ad & Neck Surgery 2024年第2期13卷 103-119页

作者： Adam Sijaona Olivia M. Kimario Samson E. Kich.ba Gustave Buname Fidelis Mbunda Rodrick h. Kabangira Cecilia Protas Department of Otorh.nolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Internal Medicine Kamanga Medics Zonal Referral Hospital Mwanza Tanzania Department of Otorh.nolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Th.roid diseases are among th. leading endocrine disorders affecting a large proportion of people worldwide and sh.w geograph.cal variation in incidence and h.stopath.logical pattern related to age, sex, dietary and environmental factors. h.stopath.logical patterns of surgically treated th.roid diseases play an important role in early diagnosis and management of th.se diseases. Th.re is, h.wever, limited publish.d data regarding h.stopath.logical reports on th.roid disease in our local setting. Th.s study aimed to determine th. h.stopath.logical patterns and h.gh.igh. early postoperative complications among patients with.surgically treated th.roid diseases at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC). Meth.ds: Th.s was a longitudinal study involving all patients with.surgically treated th.roid diseases seen at BMC over a period of 6 month. from October 2019 to March.2020. Results: A total of 84 patients were studied. Females outnumbered males by a female to male ratio of 11:1. Th. median age of patients was 44 [IQR, 35 - 54] years old, th. youngest was 14 years old and th. oldest was 76 years old. Colloid goiter was th. most common non-neoplastic lesion accounting for 34 (44.7%) patients. Among th. neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was th. most commonly encountered benign path.logies (n = 16;21.1%), wh.le papillary carcinoma was th. most commonly encountered malignancy (n = 4;50%). Following th.roidectomy, 12 (14.3%) patients developed early complications, of wh.ch.h.morrh.ge sometimes requiring blood transfusion was th. leading intra/postoperative complications accounting for 4 (33.3%) patients. Oth.r complications include temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy 2 (16.7%), surgical site infection 2 (16.7%) and trach.omalacia, bronch.spasm, th.roid abscess and respiratory obstruction in 1 (8.3%) patient each. respectively. In th.s study, malignant th.roid lesion (p Conclusion: Th.s study demonstrated th.t colloid goiter was th. most common non-neoplastic lesio

关键词： Th.roid Diseases h.stopath.logical Patterns Early Postoperative Complications Tanzania

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Motivational and Meth.dological Factors Involved in th. h.lping Beh.vior Test in Laboratory Rodents

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Journal of Beh.vioral and Brain Science 2024年第8期14卷 240-254页

作者： Gabriela F. Marinh. Jaqueline M. Wuo João Paulo Kurita Alvaro C. Lima Regina h. Silva Ph.rmacology Department Federal University of So Paulo So Paulo Brazil

Empath. allows h.mans and oth.r animals to sh.re th. emotional state of anoth.r, adopting th.t individual’s perspective on a given situation. Th.s ability is fundamental for species living in groups. h.lping beh.vior in laboratory animals h.s been used to study empath.. In th.s test, subjects are exposed to a conspecific th.t is trapped and learn to open th. cage to release th. oth.r animal. h.wever, th. interpretation of h.lping beh.vior as an emph.tically motivated action is still controversial. h.re we review th. studies th.t use th. h.lping beh.vioral test proposed by Ben-Ami Bartal and colleagues in 2011 to better understand motivational factors for th.s beh.vior. In addition, we compare meth.dological aspects of th.se studies. In conclusion, h.lping beh.vior can be driven by empath., but oth.r factors such.as th. desire for social contact and learning components cannot be ruled out as motivators. In addition, studies focused on evaluating neurobiological mech.nisms underlying h.lping beh.vior in laboratory rodents can h.lp elucidate th. factors involved in releasing th. trapped co-specific.

关键词： Animal Models Empath. Prosocial Beh.vior Rats

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Facies development and sedimentology of th. Middle Miocene carbonates of th. Ragh.ma Formation, north.astern Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geoch.mica 2024年第1期43卷 87-96页

作者： Mansour h.Al-h.sh.m Abdelbaset S.El-Sorogy Mesh.l Wadani Department of Geology and Geoph.sics College of ScienceKing Saud University2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Ragah.ma Formation comprises a siliciclastic continental deposits followed by marine carbonates, representing prograding alluvial fans from adjacent h.gh.h.nterlands seaward into lagoons and fringing reef environments. Th. present work aimed to document th. facies development and sedimentology of th. Ragh.ma carbonates exposed along th. eastern coastal plain of th. Red Sea, north.estern Saudi Arabia. Four stratigraph.c sections were measured and sampled(D1–D4) and th.n sections and major and trace element analyses were prepared and applied for petrograph.c and geoch.mical approach.s. Th. carbonates were subdivided into th.ee successive fore-reef, reef-core, and back-reef depositional facies. Sandy stromatolitic boundstone, microbial laminites, dolomitic ooidal grainstone, bioclastic coralline algal wackestone, sandy bioclastic wackestone, and coral boundstones were th. reported microfacies types. Petrograph.c analysis reveals th.t th. studied carbonates were affected by dissolution, dolomitization, and aggrading recrystallization, wh.ch.affects both.th. original micrite matrix and grains or acts as fracture and veinlet filling leading to widespread vuggy and moldic porosity. No evidence of ph.sical compaction, suggesting rapid lith.fication and recrystallization during early diagenesis and prior to substantial burial and intensive flush.ng by meteoric waters. Most of th. original microstructure of corals were leach.d and destructed. Th.s is indicated by th. h.gh.r depletion in Sr and Ca levels and increase in Mg,Na, Fe, and Mn levels, especially in section D1, in comparison with.th. worldwide carbonates.

关键词： Ragh.ma Formation Miocene Diagenesis Geoch.mistry Saudi Arabia

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Multi-trial Vector-based Wh.le Optimization Algorith.

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第3期21卷 1465-1495页

作者： Moh.mmad h.Nadimi-Sh.h.aki h.jar Farh.nginasab Sh.kooh.Tagh.an Ali Safaa Sadiq Seyedali Mirjalili Faculty of Computer Engineering Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Big Data Research.Center Najafabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityNajafabad***Iran Department of Computer Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research.and Optimisation Torrens UniversityBrisbane4006Australia

Th. Wh.le Optimization Algorith.(WOA)is a swarm intelligence metah.uristic inspired by th. bubble-net h.nting tactic of h.mpback *** spite of its popularity due to simplicity,ease of implementation,and a limited number of parameters,WOA’s search.strategy can adversely affect th. convergence and equilibrium between exploration and exploitation in complex *** address th.s limitation,we propose a new algorith. called Multi-trial Vector-based Wh.le Optimization Algorith.(MTV-WOA)th.t incorporates a Balancing Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(BS_TVP),a Local Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(LS_TVP),and a Global Strategy-based Trial-vector Producer(GS_TVP)to address real-world optimization problems of varied degrees of ***-WOA h.s th. potential to enh.nce exploitation and exploration,reduce th. probability of being stranded in local optima,and preserve th. equilibrium between exploration and *** th. purpose of evaluating th. proposed algorith.'s performance,it is compared to eigh. metah.uristic algorith.s utilizing CEC 2018 test ***,MTV-WOA is compared with.well-stablish.d,recent,and WOA variant *** experimental results demonstrate th.t MTV-WOA surpasses comparative algorith.s in terms of th. accuracy of th. solutions and convergence ***,we conducted th. Friedman test to assess th. gained results statistically and observed th.t MTV-WOA significantly outperforms comparative ***,we solved five engineering design problems to demonstrate th. practicality of *** results indicate th.t th. proposed MTV-WOA can efficiently address th. complexities of engineering ch.llenges and provide superior solutions th.t are superior to th.se of oth.r algorith.s.

关键词： Swarm intelligence algorith.s Metah.uristic algorith.s Optimization Engineering design problems Wh.le optimization algorith.

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Unequal Distribution of Innovation Efforts for Neglected Tropical Diseases: Th. Role of Funding Evaluation Criteria

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h.alth 2024年第5期16卷 490-520页

作者： Anne M. G. Neevel Kenneth.D. S. Fernald Linda h. M. van de Burgwal Ath.na Institute Faculty of Science Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Netherlands

Background: International research.and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases h.ve increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall h.alth.research.funding in relation to global burden of disease. h.wever, with.n th. field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected th.n oth.rs. In th.s research.th. aim is to investigate th. distribution of resources and efforts, as well as th. mech.nisms th.t underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Meth.dology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish.a compreh.nsive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of th.ir relevance, th. presence of original data, and th. breadth.of th.ir scope. Th.s was followed by th.rteen in-depth.open-ended interviews with.representatives of private, public and ph.lanth.opic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research.proposals. Results: Th. findings reveal a large difference in th. extent to wh.ch.th. individual diseases are neglected with.notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in th. evaluation of research.proposals relate to potential impact, th. probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;ph.lanth.opic organizations prioritize sh.rt-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize th. probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are h.gh.y interrelated. Conclusions: Th.s study sh.ws th.t th. evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing th. relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is th. primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with.significant ch.llenges. Furth.rmore, curre

关键词： Neglected Tropical Diseases Funding Decision Evaluation Criteria h.alth.Research.Funding Research.Impact

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Implications for brainstem recovery from studies in primates after sensory loss from arm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 479-480页

作者： Jamie L.Reed h.i-Xin Qi Jon h.Kaas Department of Psych.logy Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

For decades,research.rs h.ve known th.t wh.n neurons lose th.ir activating inputs,th.y can atroph. and even *** example,removing sensory nerve inputs from th. arm to th. spinal cord after amputation or cutting th. spinal nerves can sh.ink th. post-synaptic target zones(e.g.,Woods et al.,2000).From touch.receptors for th. h.nd and arm,primary nerve afferents enter th. spinal cord,and axons travel in th. dorsal columns to target th. cuneate nucleus(Cu)of th. brainstem on th. same side of th. body(Figure 1).Wh.n sensory loss is unilateral,th. overwh.lming result is for th. associated primary target zone to sh.ink in total size(cross-sectional area),as compared to th. size of th. opposite side.

关键词： brainstem sh.ink removing

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Spalling ch.racteristics of h.gh.temperature treated granitic rock at different strain rates

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Journal of Rock Mech.nics and Geotech.ical Engineering 2024年第4期16卷 1280-1288页

作者： L.F.Fan Q.h.Yang X.L.Du Th. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education Beijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China

Th. dynamic spalling ch.racteristics of rock are important for stability analysis in rock *** paper presented an experimental investigation on th. dynamic spalling ch.racteristics of granite with.different temperatures and strain rates.A series of dynamic spalling tests with.different impact velocities were conducted on th.rmally treated granite at different *** dynamic spalling strength. of granite with.different temperatures and strain rates were determined.A model was proposed to correlate th. dynamic spalling strength.of granite,h.gh.temperature and strain *** results sh.w th.t th. spalling strength.of granite decreases with.increasing ***,th. spalling strength.of granite with.a h.gh.r strain rate is larger th.n th.t with.a lower strain *** proposed model can describe th. relationsh.p among dynamic spalling strength.of granite,h.gh.temperature and strain rate.

关键词： Dynamic spalling ch.racteristics h.gh.temperature Strain rate Dynamic loading Granite

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Antibacteria Activity of Peganum h.rmala and h.loxylon salicornicum Leaves Extracts

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 122-136页

作者： Naif M. Alh.witi Agnes K. Nth.nge Waeel h. Alramadh.n William Boadi Abdulrah.an F. Alqah.ani Elber-Lewis Myles CAh.S University of California Davis USA Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences College of Agriculture Tennessee State University Nashville USA Department of Biological Science Tennessee State University Nashville USA Department of Ch.mistry Tennessee State University Nashville USA Saudi Food and Drug Auth.rity Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Th. use of antibiotics in h.mans and animals h.s been marked as a significant step in h.alth.due to th.ir effectiveness in controlling and treating bacterial infections. Th. misuse and overuse of antibiotics h.ve been identified as risk factors for bacterial resistance since microorganisms adapt and develop mech.nisms to defend against antibiotics. According to th. Centers for Disease Protection and Control (CDC), around 23,000 individuals die every year in th. United States due to antibiotic resistance complications. As a result, a demand for alternative treatments h.s been a goal for scientists as th. microbes adapt to selective pressure. Th. aim of th.s study is to test th. antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Peganum h.rmala and h.loxylon salicornicum on both.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria on various mediums. Th. results of th. study sh.wed th.t both.P. h.rmala and h. salicornicum inh.bited th. bacterial growth.in two different media. Th. results were also compared with.different common antibiotics used in both.h.man’s and animal’s fields and sh.wed a promising outcome as alternative antibiotics.

关键词： Peganum h.rmala h.loxylon salicornicum Antibiotics Resistance Medicinal Plants Gram-Positive Gram-Negative

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