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Improving the utility of locally differentially private protocols for longitudinal and multidimensional frequency estimates

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 369-379页

作者： héber h.Arcolezi Jean-François Couchot Bechara al Bouna Xiaokui Xiao Inria andÉcole Polytechnique(IPP) PalaiseauFrance Femto-ST Institute Univ.Bourg.Franche-ComtéUBFCCNRSBelfortFrance TICKET Lab. Antonine University Hadat-BaabdaBaabdaLebanon School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

This paper investigates the problem of collecting multidimensional data throughout time(i.e.,longitudinal studies)for the fundamental task of frequency estimation under Local Differential Privacy(LDP)*** to frequency estimation of a single attribute,the multidimensional aspect demands particular attention to the privacy ***,when collecting user statistics longitudinally,privacy progressively ***,the“multiple”settings in combination(i.e.,many attributes and several collections throughout time)impose several challenges,for which this paper proposes the first solution for frequency estimates under *** tackle these issues,we extend the analysis of three state-of-the-art LDP protocols(Generalized Randomized Response–GRR,Optimized Unary Encoding–OUE,and Symmetric Unary Encoding–SUE)for both longitudinal and multidimensional data *** the known literature uses OUE and SUE for two rounds of sanitization(***),i.e.,L-OUE and L-SUE,respectively,we analytically and experimentally show that starting with OUE and then with SUE provides higher data utility(i.e.,L-OSUE).also,for attributes with small domain sizes,we propose Longitudinal GRR(L-GRR),which provides higher utility than the other protocols based on unary ***,we also propose a new solution named Adaptive LDP for LOngitudinal and Multidimensional FREquency Estimates(alLOMFREE),which randomly samples a single attribute to be sent with the whole privacy budget and adaptively selects the optimal protocol,i.e.,either L-GRR or *** shown in the results,alLOMFREE consistently and considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art L-SUE and L-OUE protocols in the quality of the frequency estimates.

关键词： Local differential privacy Discrete distribution estimation Frequency estimation Multidimensional data Longitudinal studies

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Facies development and sedimentology of the Middle Miocene carbonates of the Raghama Formation, northeastern Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 87-96页

作者： Mansour h.al-hashim Abdelbaset S.El-Sorogy Meshal Wadani Department of Geology and Geophysics College of ScienceKing Saud University2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Ragahama Formation comprises a siliciclastic continental deposits followed by marine carbonates, representing prograding alluvial fans from adjacent high hinterlands seaward into lagoons and fringing reef environments. The present work aimed to document the facies development and sedimentology of the Raghama carbonates exposed along the eastern coastal plain of the Red Sea, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Four stratigraphic sections were measured and sampled(D1–D4) and thin sections and major and trace element analyses were prepared and applied for petrographic and geochemical approaches. The carbonates were subdivided into three successive fore-reef, reef-core, and back-reef depositional facies. Sandy stromatolitic boundstone, microbial laminites, dolomitic ooidal grainstone, bioclastic coralline algal wackestone, sandy bioclastic wackestone, and coral boundstones were the reported microfacies types. Petrographic analysis reveals that the studied carbonates were affected by dissolution, dolomitization, and aggrading recrystallization, which affects both the original micrite matrix and grains or acts as fracture and veinlet filling leading to widespread vuggy and moldic porosity. No evidence of physical compaction, suggesting rapid lithification and recrystallization during early diagenesis and prior to substantial burial and intensive flushing by meteoric waters. Most of the original microstructure of corals were leached and destructed. This is indicated by the higher depletion in Sr and Ca levels and increase in Mg,Na, Fe, and Mn levels, especially in section D1, in comparison with the worldwide carbonates.

关键词： Raghama Formation Miocene Diagenesis Geochemistry Saudi Arabia

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Assessment of plant diversity of endemic species of the Saharo-Arabian region in Egypt

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第7期16卷 1000-1021,I0002-I0044页

作者： Asmaa S ABO hATAB Yassin M al-SODANY Kamal h ShalTOUT Soliman A hAROUN Mohamed M EL-KhalAFY Botany and Microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33511Egypt Botany Department Faculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt

Savanna, semi-deserts, and hot deserts characterize the Saharo-Arabian region, which includes Morocco, Mauretania, algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, southern Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northern India. Its neighboring regions, the Sudano-Zambezian region belonging to the Paleotropical Kingdom and the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions included in the holarctic Kingdom, share a large portion of their flora with the Saharo-Arabian region. Despite the widespread acknowledgment of the region's global importance for plant diversity, an up to date list of the Saharo-Arabian endemics is still unavailable. The available data are frequently insufficient or out of date at both the whole global and the national scales. Therefore, the present study aims at screening and verifying the Saharo-Arabian endemic plants and determining the phytogeographical distribution of these taxa in the Egyptian flora. hence, a preliminary list of 429 Saharo-Arabian endemic plants in Egypt was compiled from the available literature. Indeed, by excluding the species that were recorded in any countries or regions outside the Saharo-Arabian region based on different literature, database reviews, and websites, the present study has reduced this number to 126 taxa belonging to 87 genera and 37 families. Regarding the national geographic distribution, South Sinai is the richest region with 83 endemic species compared with other eight phytogeographic regions in Egypt, followed by the Isthmic Desert(the middle of Sinai Peninsula, 53 taxa). Sahara regional subzone(SS1) distributes all the 126 endemic species, Arabian regional subzone(SS2) owns 79 taxa, and Nubo-Sindian subzone(SS3) distributes only 14 endemics. Seven groups were recognized at the fourth level of classification as a result of the application of the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) to the Saharo-Arabian endemic sp

关键词： endemism phytogeographical regions Saharo-Arabian floristic region Egyptian flora plant diversity two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN)

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A hybrid Classification and Identification of Pneumonia Using African Buffalo Optimization and CNN from Chest X-Ray Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2497-2517页

作者： Nasser alalwan Ahmed I.Taloba Amr Abozeid Ahmed Ibrahim alzahrani ali h.al-Bayatti Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Information System Department Faculty of Computers and InformationAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt Cyber Technology Institute(CTI) De Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK

An illness known as pneumonia causes inflammation in the *** there is so much information available fromvarious X-ray images,diagnosing pneumonia has typically proven *** improve image quality and speed up the diagnosis of pneumonia,numerous approaches have been *** date,several methods have been employed to identify *** Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)has achieved outstanding success in identifying and diagnosing diseases in the fields of medicine and ***,these methods are complex,inefficient,and imprecise to analyze a big number of *** this paper,a new hybrid method for the automatic classification and identification of Pneumonia from chest X-ray images is *** proposed method(ABOCNN)utilized theAfrican BuffaloOptimization(ABO)algorithmto enhanceCNNperformance and *** Weinmed filter is employed for pre-processing to eliminate unwanted noises from chest X-ray images,followed by feature extraction using the Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix(GLCM)*** features are then selected from the dataset using the ABO algorithm,and ultimately,high-performance deep learning using the CNN approach is introduced for the classification and identification of *** results on various datasets showed that,when contrasted to other approaches,the ABO-CNN outperforms them all for the classification *** proposed method exhibits superior values like 96.95%,88%,86%,and 86%for accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,respectively.

关键词： African buffalo optimization convolutional neural network pneumonia X-ray

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Composite Fractional Trapezoidal Rule with Romberg Integration

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第9期140卷 2729-2745页

作者： Iqbal M.Batiha Rania Saadeh Iqbal h.Jebril Ahmad Qazza Abeer A.al-Nana Shaher Momani Department of Mathematics Al Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center(NDRC) Ajman UniversityAjman 346United Arab Emirates Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceZarqa UniversityZarqa13110Jordan Department of Mathematics Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj11942Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics The University of JordanAmman11942Jordan

The aim of this research is to demonstrate a novel scheme for approximating the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral *** would be achieved by first establishing a fractional-order version of the 2-point Trapezoidal rule and then by proposing another fractional-order version of the(n+1)-composite Trapezoidal *** particular,the so-called divided-difference formula is typically employed to derive the 2-point Trapezoidal rule,which has accordingly been used to derive a more accurate fractional-order formula called the(n+1)-composite Trapezoidal ***,in order to increase the accuracy of the proposed approximations by reducing the true errors,we incorporate the so-called Romberg integration,which is an extrapolation formula of the Trapezoidal rule for integration,into our proposed *** numerical examples are provided and compared with a modern definition of the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator to illustrate the efficacy of our scheme.

关键词： Composite fractional Trapezoidal rule Romberg integration

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Linear endoscopic ultrasound:Current uses and future perspectives in mediastinal examination

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第33期30卷 3803-3809页

作者： Eyad Gadour Sarah al Ghamdi Bogdan Miutescu hossam E Shaaban Zeinab hassan Aymen almuhaidb hussein h Okasha Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology King Abdulaziz National Guard HospitalAhsa 36428Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine Zamzam University CollegeSchool of MedicineKhartoum 11113Sudan Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah 3646Saudi Arabia Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Victor Babes University of Medicine and PharmacyTimisoara 300041Romania Advanced Regional Research Center in Gastroenterology and hepatology Victor Babes University of Medicine and PharmacyTimisoara 300041Romania Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology NhtmriCairo 11796Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Stockport Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustManchester SK27JEUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research CenterRiyadh 11211Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyKasr Al-Aini School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt

This editorial elaborates on the current and future applications of linear endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),a substantial diagnostic and therapeutic modality for various anatomical *** scope of endosonographic assessment is broad and,among other factors,allows for the evaluation of the mediastinal anatomy and related pathologies,such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and the staging of central malignant lung ***,EUS assessment has proven more accurate in detecting small lesions missed by standard imaging examinations,such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance *** focus on its current uses in the mediastinum,including lung and esophageal cancer staging,as well as evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy and submucosal *** editorial also explores future perspectives of EUS in mediastinal examination,including ultrasound-guided therapies,artificial intelligence integration,advancements in mediastinal modalities,and improved diagnostic approaches for various mediastinal lesions.

关键词： Linear endoscopic ultrasound Mediastinal examination Lung cancer Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging

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Structural Analysis for Qazzaz Metamorphic Core Complex, Northwestern Arabian Shield, Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期 1187-1201页

作者： Mansour h.al-hAShIM Osama M.K.KASSEM Department of Geology and Geophysics College of Science King Saud University Department of Geology National Research Center

Identifying deformational mechanisms and associated structures at various scales, ranging from regional-scale structures to microscopic fabric, is crucial for the assessment of tectonic development. Thirty-three samples were taken from the Qazzaz metamorphic core complex to estimate the finite strain for felsic and mafic minerals. These samples included gneisses rocks, monzogranite, and metavolcano–sedimentary rocks for both the Thalbah and Bayda groups. Using the Rf/j and Fry methods, the axial ratios(XZ) range about 2.20 to 7.10 and 1.90 to 9.10, respectively. For various rock units, the strain measurements show moderate to highly deformation. Most of the observed samples show shallow WNW dipping along a N to WNW trend of finite strain(X). The short axes(Z) based to be subvertical foliation related with a subhorizontal foliation. The results demonstrate that contacts generated at semi-brittle to ductile deformation and that the strain of magnitude has the same value for different lithologic units. It concluded that nappe generation in orogens results from pure shear deformation.

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high-throughput computational screening and in vitro evaluation identifies 5-(4-oxo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-2-[3-(4-oxo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione(C3),as a novel EGFR—hER2 dual inhibitor in gastric tumors

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Oncology Research 2024年第2期32卷 251-259页

作者： MESFER al ShAhRANI REEM GAhTANI MOhAMMAD ABOhASSAN MOhAMMAD alShAhRANI YASSER alRAEY AYED DERA MOhAMMAD RAJEh ASIRI PRASANNA RAJAGOPalAN Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences College of Applied Medical SciencesKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Gastric cancers are caused primarily due to the activation and amplification of the EGFR or hER2 kinases resulting in cell proliferation,adhesion,angiogenesis,and *** therapies are ineffective due to the intra-tumoral heterogeneity and concomitant genetic ***,dual inhibition strategies are recommended to increase potency and reduce *** this study,we have conducted computational high-throughput screening of the ChemBridge library followed by in vitro assays and identified novel selective inhibitors that have a dual impediment of EGFR/hER2 kinase ***-based high-throughput Virtual Screening(D-hTVS)was used to screen the whole ChemBridge small molecular library against EGFR and *** atomistic molecular dynamic simulation was conducted to understand the dynamics and stability of the protein-ligand ***/hER2 kinase enzymes,KATOIII,and Snu-5 cells were used for in vitro *** atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations followed by solvent-based Gibbs binding free energy calculation of top molecules,identified compound C3(5-(4-oxo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)-2-[3-(4-oxo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-2-yl)phenyl]-1h-isoindole-1,3(2h)-dione)to have a good affinity for both EGFR and *** predicted compound,C3,was promising with better binding energy,good binding pose,and optimum interactions with the EGFR and hER2 residues.C3 inhibited EGFR and hER2 kinases with IC50 values of 37.24 and 45.83 nM,*** GI50 values of C3 to inhibit KATOIII and Snu-5 cells were 84.76 and 48.26 nM,*** on these findings,we conclude that the identified compound C3 showed a conceivable dual inhibitory activity on EGFR/hER2 kinase,and therefore can be considered as a plausible lead-like molecule for treating gastric cancers with minimal side effects,though testing in higher models with pharmacokinetic approach is required.

关键词： Dual inhibitor Drug discovery EGFR/hER2 kinase Gastric cancer high-throughput screening

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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory richard h.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Public knowledge about and attitudes toward organ donation, and public barriers to donate in Jordan: A cross-sectional study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 110-122页

作者： Adham al-Salhi Elham h Othman Faculty of Nursing Applied Science Private UniversityAmman 11962Jordan Department of Nursing Jordan HospitalAmman 11152Jordan

BACKGROUND Organ donation is a critical issue that is receiving greater attention *** Jordan,the public’s knowledge about and attitudes toward organ donation play a significant role in the availability of organs for *** To assess the public knowledge about and attitudes toward organ donation in *** A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 396 Jordanian citizens via an online self-reported *** Overall,396 participants were *** the entire sample,93.9%of the participants had heard about and had sufficient knowledge about organ donation but they had limited knowledge about brain *** most common source of information about organ donation was social media *** were found to score significantly higher than males for *** who had thought about organ donation or registered their names to donate scored signi-ficantly higher in terms of attitudes to donation than their counterparts who had *** most common reasons for limited organ donation practices in Jordan were a lack of awareness programs and insufficient knowledge in *** Greater public understanding of organ donation appears to be associated with more positive attitudes toward organ *** participants responded positively regarding their attitude toward organ donation as they believed that this action could give another person a chance to ***,most agreed that they would donate their organs after their ***,the participants had limited general knowledge about brain death,and most had not registered their names to donate their *** findings indicate the need for public awareness campaigns and educational programs to encourage more people to become organ donors.

关键词： Attitude Barriers Jordan Knowledge Organ donation Public

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