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Clinical and Evolutive Aspects of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children Aged 0 - 59 Months at Maroua Regional hospital in Cameroon’s Far North Region

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 700-711页

作者： Palma haoua Abouame selangai hélène kamo Sime Tchouamo Arielle Annick Fernando Kemta lepka Daniel nemsi Sadjo Salihou Aminou haman Soureya Yolande Feudjo Ulrich Dama Félicitée Nguefack Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Maroua Regional hospital Maroua Cameroon Garoua General hospital Garoua Cameroon Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetrics hospital Yaounde Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Douala General hospital Douala Cameroon Department of health Sciences Catholic University of Central Africa Yaounde Cameroon University of lisala Lisala Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaounde Cameroon

Introduction: Severe acute malnutrition remains one of the most important causes of under-five mortality. In Cameroon, the northern regions have the highest prevalence, with 1.4% in the Far North in 2021. These children are managed at the Internal therapeutic and Nutrional Centre, one of which is located at Maroua Regional hospital, the third level referral hospital. We therefore proposed to carry out a study on the clinical and evolutive aspects of these children. Materials and Methods: it was a descriptive, cross-sectional study from January 2020 to December 2022, at the ITNC (CNTI) of Maroua Regional hospital. The sample size was obtained from the lorentz formula. Patient records were used for data collection. We excluded all incomplete records and patients with less than 24 hours of admission. Results: Out of the 873 patients we recruited, the prevalence of severe malnutrition was estimated at 18 %. The average age was 14 months, with a male predominance. The main reasons for consultation were fever (42%) and diarrhoea (35%). Marasmus was the predominant clinical form. The major medical complications were sepsis (32.9%) and malaria (16.8%). hIV prevalence was 2.5% and tuberculosis was 4.9%. Most patients had haemoglobin levels between 7 and 10g/dl. 79.3% were cured and 6.5% died. The main causes of death were sepsis and malaria. Conclusion: Severe acute malnutrition remains a major problem in the Far North region. Several joint actions are needed to break this cycle.

关键词： Severe Acute Malnutrition Children Far North Cameroon

DPY19l3 promotes vasculogenicmimicry by its C-mannosyltransferase activity

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Oncology Research 2024年第4期32卷 607-614页

作者： hASSAN BAYDOUN YUJI KATO hIROKI kamo ANNA hÜSCh hAYATO MIZUTA RYOTA KAWAhARA SIRO SIMIZU Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Science and TechnologyKeio UniversityYokohama223-8522Japan Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingen72074Germany

C-mannosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs intracellularly in the endoplasmic *** humans,biosynthesis of C-mannosylation in proteins containing thrombospondin type 1 repeat is catalyzed by the DPY19 family;nonetheless,biological functions of protein C-mannosylation are not yet fully understood,especially in tumor *** mimicry(VM)is the formation of fluid-conducting channels by highly invasive and genetically deregulated tumor cells,enabling the tumors to form matrix-embedded vasculogenic structures,containing plasma and blood cells to meet the metabolic demands of rapidly growing *** this study,we focused on DPY19l3,a C-mannosyltransferase,and aimed to unravel its role in *** of DPY19l3 inhibited the formation of VM in hT1080 human fibrosarcoma ***-expression of wild-type DPY19l3 recovered VM formation;however,DPY19l3 isoform2,an enzymatic activity-defect mutant,did not restore it,suggesting that the C-mannosyltransferase activity of DPY19l3 is crucial to its ***,the knockdown of DPY19l3 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells hindered its network formation ***,our findings suggest that DPY19l3 is required for VM formation and stipulate the relevance of C-mannosylation in oncogenesis.

关键词： C-mannosylation Vasculogenic mimicry DPY19l3

Epidemiological, Clinical, and Evolutionary Profile of Children Admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Maroua Regional hospital, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第5期14卷 878-888页

作者： Soureya haman kamo Selangaï héléne Enyama Dominique Abouame Palma haoua Salihou Sadjo Mekone Nkwele Isabelle Nguefack Félicitée Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Garoua General hospital Garoua Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Introduction: Pediatric emergencies in developing countries are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The Maroua Regional hospital (MRh) is one of the referral centers for pediatric emergencies in the Far north region of Cameroon. Pediatric emergencies are frequent in Maroua and are associated with significant mortality. The aim of our study is to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary profile of children admitted to the pediatric emergency department of the hRM. Methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study over a period from April 10, 2023 to April 10, 2024, focusing on the records of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency department of the MRh. The variables studied included epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics. Data analysis was performed using CSPro version 8.01 and SPSS version 27.0. Results: We included 1027 patients;the sex ratio was 1.2 infants under 2 years represented 54.33%. The main reasons for consultation were fever (62.22%) and seizures (30.18%). The most frequently prescribed additional test was the Complete Blood Count (CBC), performed in 97.37% of cases. The most common pathologies were severe malaria (45.18%), broncho-pulmonary infections (15.48%), and bacterial meningitis (12.26%). At admission, 32.9% were transfused. There were 68 deaths, representing 6.67%, and 86% of the deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. The leading cause of death was severe malaria, with 28 (41.17%) cases. Conclusion: Febrile illnesses were the main reason for consultation, and mortality was linked to severe malaria. Therefore, in addition to the other preventive methods already used against malaria, it is recommended to consider the use of the malaria vaccine.

关键词： Pediatric Emergencies Malaria Cameroon

Diagnosis of CAh in a Sub Saharan Country: Visible Part of Iceberg

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 227-233页

作者： Suzanne Sap Ritha Mbono hélène kamo Jocelyn Tony Charlotte Eposse Jeannette Epée Isabelle Mekone Adele Bodieu Gaelle Ntsoli Paul Olivier Koki Mother and Child Center of the Chantal Biya Foundation University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon laquintinie hospital University of Douala Douala Cameroon Genral hospital of Garoua University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon human Reproductive Center and Research on Fertility of Yaoundé University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde General hospital University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Yaounde Central hospital Yaoundé Cameroon laquintiinie hospital Douala Cameroon

Introduction :Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAh) is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency. It is a rare monogenic recessive disorder. In African setting in absence of neonatal screening, the diagnosis is still late, based on a clinical approach. During this clinical enquiry, information from past history or pedigree of the patient is of a huge importance and may revealed surprises. Patients and Methods: In this observational study, we retrospectively included all patients with a diagnosis of CAh. The diagnosis of CAh was retained based on a high 17 hydroxyprogesterone level in addition to clinical and morphological findings. From patients’ files, we extracted data on family history of disease, pedigree, clinical findings and genetics when available of 39 patients from two endocrinopeadiatric centers. Results: In 13 (30%) families, we found 20 reported deaths of infant less than 12 months. In these 13 families, half of the patients followed had 21 hydroxylase deficiencies and had 11 hydroxylase deficiencies. Unsurprisingly, we suspected adrenal insufficiency in these patients at verbal autopsy even in families with a patient with 11 hydroxylase deficiency. Other non DSD malformations or genetic disorders with apparently no link with CAh were reported in 3 families. The father of a patient reported to have hypospadias. Conclusion: Each diagnosis of CAh made in our context is visible part of an iceberg. Behind a diagnosis of CAh made in our setting, is a long course of care, a dramatic past history revealing access to appropriate care disparity. neonatal screening should thus be considered as an emergency.

关键词： Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia

Acceptance and Experience of hIV-Infected Adolescents in Two hospitals in Yaoundé

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 435-443页

作者： Isabelle Mekone Nkwele nelly Kamgaing Pierrette Amanda Emah Manga Jeannette Épée Ngoué hélène kamo Sélangai Claude Audrey Meguieze Nsoh Ndeh-Fofang Serge Tchoukoua Jean-Baptiste Fotso Djemo Paul Koki Ndombo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé de Bangangté Université des Montagnes Bangangté Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon

Introduction: Access to antiretroviral drugs has improved the survival of children infected with the human Immunodeficiency Virus (hIV). As they reach adolescence, they are confronted with various constraints related to the infection and its treatment, in addition to those of the growth period they are going through. The main aim of the study was to assess the acceptance and describe the experience of hIV infection by infected adolescents but also to investigate the factors associated with good acceptance and a positive experience. Methodology: The cross-sectional analytic study concerned hIV-infected adolescents aged 15 to 19 followed up at the Chantal Biya Foundation-Mother and Child Centre (CME-FCB) and the Yaoundé University hospital Centre (ChUY) between February 2020 and June 2020. The study saw participants complete a questionnaire containing socio-demographic data and assessing acceptance and experience with the infection. Data analysis was accomplished using Epi info software version 7.***.2.6. Results: One hundred and thirteen hIV-infected adolescents were included in the study. The sex ratio was 0.68 and the mean age was 17 years. More than half of the adolescents had a good acceptance and positive experience with the infection. Related factors were the adolescent’s perception of good health and participation in an association with other infected adolescents. Conclusion: Emphasizing the psychological and educational follow-up of infected adolescents and encouraging their participation in associations for adolescents living with hIV could reduce the consequences of poor acceptance and ensure a better transition to adulthood. .

关键词： hIV Adolescent Acceptance Experience

Predictors and Complications of Prematurity in Two health Facilities in Fako Division, Southwest Region, Cameroon

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 630-644页

作者： Naiza Monono Verla Sissi kamo helen Nguepong Vianney Nana Njamen Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon Regional hospital limbe Southwest Region Cameroon Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Background: Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal mortality. Most preterm births can be associated to an identifiable risk factor. In Cameroon, especially in the Southwest Region, there is limited data regarding prematurity associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and complications of prematurity in two health facilities in the Fako division, the BRh and Rhl. Methods: A hospital based retrospective case control study was done from the 1st of January 2021 to 28th of February 2022. We assessed the gestational ages at which preterm birth occurred and their short-term outcome using a structured pretested questionnaire to collect data from files. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: The minimum sample size was 137 preterms. 45.5% of cases were born between 34 and increased the risk of having a preterm birth meanwhile being married (AOR: 0.410;95% CI: 0.217 - 0.773;p = 0.006) decreased the risk. hospital complications were neonatal infection 103 (51.5%), respiratory distress 79 (39.5%) and neonatal jaundice 61 (30.50%). Among the cases, 97 (48.50%) stayed in the hospital for 2 to 4 weeks and 177 (88.5%) were discharged alive. Conclusions: Modifiable factors that increased the risk of prematurity were advanced maternal age, secondary level of education, rural residence, and prenatal alcohol consumption. Being married decreased the risk. The most common hospital complications in both the cases and controls were neonatal infection, respiratory distress syndrome and neonatal jaundice.

关键词： Prematurity Gestational Age Risk Factors Complications Outcome

Cardiac Malformations in Congenital hypothyroidism: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 279-284页

作者： Suzanne Sap Gaelle Ntsoli Jocelyn Tony Ritha Mbono helene kamo David Chelo Mother and Child Center of Chantal Biya Foundation Yaounde Cameroon University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon laquintinie hospital University of Douala Douala Cameroon General hospital of Garoua University of Garoua Garoua Cameroon

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is the most common causes of preventable mental retardation. It is associated with other births defects like cardiac malformations. Descriptions in Sub Saharan Africa are rare, justifying the present report. Case Report: We reported the cases of 3 female patients, diagnosed with hypothyroidism, presenting in addition pulmonary stenosis. The diagnosis was late in all the patients and we noticed clinical improvement under levothyroxine. Conclusion: Association congenital hypothyroidism and cardiac defect is not rare. Our patients are female with no history of consanguinity, presenting congenital hypothyroidism with a gland in situ associated with pulmonary stenosis. Systematic screening of other births defects is thus recommended in affected patients.

关键词： Congenital hypothyroidism Cardiac Malformations Children

Cardiac Tolerance of hydroalcoholic Extract of Bark of Terminalia mantaly h. Perrier (hAEBTM) in Wistar Rats

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第3期14卷 126-137页

作者： Irié lou Bohila Emilie kamo Kouakou Serge Kouassi Virginie Atto Allico Joseph Djaman Jean David N’guessan Mireille Dosso Department of Microbiology Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Biology and health laboratory Flix Houphout-Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Medical and Fundamental Biochemistry Institut Pasteur of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Terminalia mantaly h. Perrier is a plant used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various pathologies. however, Terminalia mantaly h. Perrier could present potential health effects on patients. In order to determine the possible cardiotoxic effects of the hydro-alcoholic extract of the bark of Terminalia mantaly h. Perrier, (hAEBTM) forty (40) rats distributed randomly into 4 groups, including 10 animals per group (5 males and 5 females) were used. Animals in group 1 received distilled water and were used as a control group. On the other hand, groups 2, 3, 4 received oral administration a volume of the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia mantaly h. Perrier corresponding to 1 ml/100g of body weight at 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, respectively. The extract was administered daily at the same time for 28 days and serum was collected once a week to evaluate cardiac biochemical markers using spectrophotometric methods using a Cobas C311 hITAChI biochemistry system. After one month of study, all rats were euthanized by overdose of ether, and the hearts of the rats were removed for gross morphological and histopathological analysis. Results were analysed using variance analysis (ANOVA) to compare outcomes as a function of doses administered and treatment times. The biochemical parameters AlT, lDh, CPK, CPKMB showed no significant change (p Terminalia mantaly showed no lesions, edema and necrosis. These results suggest that the hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia mantaly did not interfere with the functioning or alter the integrity of the heart.

关键词： Terminalia mantaly Bio Cardiac Tolerance Biochemical Markers histopathology

CT-Scan Presentations of Brain Malformations in Children: About Three Cases in Regional hospital of Ngaoundere-Cameroon

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Open Journal of Radiology 2018年第2期8卷 74-83页

作者： neossi Guena Mathurin Alapha Florent Doka kamo héléne Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Science The University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Medical Imaging Center of Ngaoundere Regional hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon Peadiatric Department of Ngaoundere Regional hospital Ngaoundere Cameroon

Brain malformations are rare, difficult to diagnose and have unpredictable evolution. They are the major causes of epilepsy, psychomotor development abnormalities and other neurological disorders. The neuroimaging technique of choice for diagnosis of these malformations is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but unfortunately MRI is expensive, and is not available in a poor resource country like Cameroon. CT scan associated to clinical signs can help to suspect or to confirm a malformation. The authors report here three cases of malformations discovered during cranial CT scan at the regional hospital of Ngaoundéré. They are Dandy Walker malformation, Sturge Weber’s disease and hemimegalencephaly. These cases contribute to the knowledge of this rare event, and emphasize the importance of CT scan on their diagnosis in the absence of MRI.

关键词： Brain Malformations Cerebral CT-Scan Dandy Walker Sturge Weber Diseases hemimegalencephaly Poor Resource Country