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Usage of Potential Teratogenic Chemical Preparations among Mothers of Children Attending the Multidisciplinary Cleft Clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2014年第1期4卷 11-15页

作者： Alexander Acheampong Oti gyikua plange-rhule Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Daniel Kwasi Sabbah Peter Donkor Dental School Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Medical School Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the usage of potential teratogenic chemicals among cleft lip and palate mothers attending a multidisciplinary cleft clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH). Method: This is a retrospective study based on records of consecutive patients attending the multidisciplinary cleft clinic at KATH. Mothers of children with cleft lip and palate formed the study sample. Information on the use of chemical agents by the mothers either before or during the first three months of pregnancy was collected on to a specially designed form. The study period was from January 2006 to December 2012. Setting: The study was carried out in a multidisciplinary cleft clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. The clinic is the main referral centre for the northern sector of Ghana for cleft lip and palate care. Results: Chemical preparations usage ranged from 0.2% for tobacco to 25.3% for skin lightening creams. Other agents used include, enema, non-proprietary concoctions and prednisolone tablets. 2.1% of the mothers ingested alcohol during pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a high level of usage of potentially teratogenic chemicals among cleft mothers attending the multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate clinic at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Further studies are, however, required to clarify any relationship this may have with the development of orofacial clefts.

关键词： Cleft Lip Palate Chemical Teratogenic

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Immunisation Status of Children Born with Orofacial Clefts Who Visited the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Multidisciplinary Cleft Clinic

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Open Journal of Immunology 2016年第4期6卷 148-153页

作者： Alexander Oti Acheampong Alex Ansah Owusu Ama Amuasi Philippe Pare Sandra Oyakhilome Baffour Gyau-Darko gyikua plange-rhule Peter Donkor Dental School Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana

Background: The Ghana Expanded Programme on Immunisation recommends that children receive Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) at birth;three doses of Penta vaccine and OPV at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age;and measles vaccine at 9 months of age. Aim/Objective: To evaluate the immunisation status of children born with orofacial clefts who visited the KATH multidisciplinary Cleft clinic. Methodology/Statistics: The study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The methodology consisted of in-person interviews of mothers of children born with cleft lip and palate reporting at KATH Cleft clinic. Interview guides were used for mothers who could not read. Mothers who were literate and as such could answer the questions directly were given questionnaires to fill. Result: It was reported that of the 83 children included, 47 (57%) had been fully vaccinated and on time, 24 (29%) had been fully vaccinated but delayed and 12 (14%) had not been vaccinated at all. Children with isolated cleft palate and macrostomia were fully vaccinated on time (77.3% and 100%, respectively) as compared to those with combined cleft lip and palate (43.3%) and isolated cleft lip (50.0%). The majority (77%) of the mothers who either had not vaccinated their children or had delayed in vaccinating them attributed stigmatisation as the main cause. Most of the mothers (95%) had knowledge of immunisation. About two-thirds of the mothers (65%) agreed that establishing an immunisation centre at the cleft clinic is the best way to improve immunisation rate among children with orofacial clefts. Conclusion: The study showed that the percentage of children with orofacial cleft who visited the KATH Cleft Clinic and were vaccinated on time was above the national average. Cleft palates were more vaccinated and on time than cleft lips. According to the children’s mothers, lack of timely vaccination was mainly due to the stigma associated with clefts in their societies.

关键词： Cleft Lip Cleft Palate Combined Cleft Lip and Palate Immunisation Vaccination Stigma

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Non-Random Distribution of Human Orofacial Clefts in Ghana: Gene-Environment Interactions

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2018年第2期8卷 35-52页

作者： Lord Jephthah Joojo Gowans Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Alexander Acheampong Oti Fareed Kow Nanse Arthur Peter Twumasi Pius Agbenorku gyikua plange-rhule Peter Donkor Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dental School KNUST Kumasi Ghana Cleft-Craniofacial Clinic Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences KNUST Kumasi Ghana Department of Child Health School of Medical Sciences KNUST Kumasi Ghana

Human orofacial clefts (OFCs) are congenital anomalies that result from the breakdown of normal mechanisms that regulate the formation of the human face. They could be syndromic or non-syndromic, with a global incidence of 1:700 per live births. Environmental and genetic factors are thought to play various roles in the aetiology of OFCs. This study seeks to establish the diversity, distribution and pattern of inheritance of OFCs as well as environmental and other risk factors associated with OFCs in a Ghanaian population. A family-based, descriptive cross-sectional study that employed an interview-based survey questionnaire was used to obtain information from 467 families with history of OFCs. We employed chi-square statistics to analyse the data and used graphs to interpret the data. All previously reported subphenotypes of OFCs were observed by the present study. Clinically, about 12% of clefts in the study population were syndromic. The most common syndromic forms observed were Pierre Robin Sequence, cleft-with-club foot abnormalities and Van der Woude Syndrome. Only about 5% of clefts in the study cohort were familial. The study also established that lower level of education of parents, poverty, late antenatal care and dietary folate deficiency are major environmental factors associated with clefts in the Ghanaian population. In conclusion, OFCs are non-randomly distributed in Ghana and folate deficiency could likely be a source of genetic mutations and “epimutations” that cause OFCs, since folate is essential for DNA methylation, replication and repair as well as histone modification.

关键词： Orofacial Clefts (OFCs) Folate Deficiency Low Socio-Economic Status Non-Random Distribution Pattern of Inheritance

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