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Expectations and Perspectives of Users with the Screening Program for Cervical Cancer

Open Journal of Nursing 2016年第8期6卷 565-572页

作者： gutiérrez enríquez sandra olimpia Gaytán Hernández Darío Martínez Martínez Rosa Adriana Gallegos García Verónica Terán Figueroa Yolanda Nursing Faculty Autonomic University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí México

Objective: Evaluate user satisfaction before and after taking the Pap. Methodology: Observational and prospective study. It was carried out in two health centers in San Luis Potosicity, Mexico in 93 users which attended for a Pap test from February to June 2015. The satisfaction was assessed using multidimensional scaling SERVQUAL whit 5 dimensions to evaluate the quality of services in an organization: reliability, responsibility, security, empathy and touchable and materials goods (tangible elements). This scaling was obtained internal consistency by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient with a value of 0.74. For data analysis, nonparametric test Wilcoxon for related samples was used. Results: In all cases, perspective was less than expectancy where the means of the scores before attention (expectation) and after care (perspective) there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). Before receiving care users had an expectation of 192.96 points, after care perspective score dropped to 184.49 points indicating that the care provided was not what they expected. The difference in scores was 8.47 points (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Users of the screening program for cervical cancer were unsatisfied because the attention was not what they expected. In most of the indicators studied, a high percentage of dissatisfaction was obtained.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Pap Smears Prevention and Control SERVQUAL

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Presence of Risk Factors and Co-Factors for Acquiring HPV Infection or Cervical Cancer in Women Living in a Rural Area and an Urban

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Health 2014年第8期6卷 677-683页

作者： Terán-Figueroa Yolanda Canúas-Landero Víctor Gabriel Ramírez-Flores élfego Hernández-Madrigal Mónica Gallegos-García Verónica gutiérrez-enríquez sandra olimpia Faculty of Accounting and Administration Autonomic University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí México Faculty of Chemistry Autonomous University Meritorious of Puebla Puebla de Zaragoza México Nursing Faculty Autonomic University of San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí México

Objective: Identify the presence of some risk factors and co-factors for acquiring HPV (human papilloma virus) or cervical cancer in women from a rural area and an urban area. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2008 in the State of San Luis Potosí, México. Sampling of non-probabilistic convenience was applied. 99 women participated (73 from urban area and 26 rural). Two surveys were used to identify risk factors and socio-demographic data. All women underwent HPV testing;the samples were self-collected and processed by the Hybrid Capture II method?. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Results: The predominant age range was 37 to 42 years. 38.5% is in a rural community and an urban 37.3%. 72.6% began their sexual life at 19 years or more in urban areas and 57.6% before 18 in rural areas. In relation to the number of sexual partners reported having had only one, 73.1% and 67.1% in rural and urban area respectively. Risk factors that were associated with HPV infection were the beginning of sexual activity at age 18 and under (p = 0.041) and the number of sexual partners (p = 0.001). Conclusions: There are more risk factors in women in urban areas but in rural areas it had the highest percentage of positive cases for infection by high-risk HPV.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Risk Factors HPV

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Training of health personnel to improve knowledge and skills in taking Pap: Effect of an educational intervention to prevent cervical cancer

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Health 2013年第7期5卷 60-64页

作者： gutiérrez-enríquez sandra olimpia Frías-Navarro Víctor Omar Oros-Ovalle Cuauhtémoc Ortiz-Valdez Julio Alejandro Gaytán-Hernández Darío Terán-Figueroa Yolanda Colposcopy Department from Child and Women’s Hospital Health Services from San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí México Guanajuato University Guanajuato México Nursing Faculty San Luis Potosí University San Luis Potosí México Patology Deparment Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto Central Hospital San Luís Potosí México

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve knowledge and skills in taking Pap smear conducted by health staff implementing the program on Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. Methods: A quasiexperimental, longitudinal and prospective study, held from October 25 2010 to April 11, 2011 at a hospital in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. To select groups applied a non-probabilistic convenience sampling that was composed of 28 people, 15 for the study group and 13 to the control group. The study group received training that was divided into three phases in which assessed the knowledge and skills taking the smear, the control group received conventional training offered by your workplace. Papanicolaou quality was measured before and after the intervention. The reference used international classification system Bethesda 2001. For data analysis we used the Student t test. Results: The study group increased knowledge (t = 8.768, p = 0.000) in the management of official standards, in the anatomy of the lower female genital tract and in the form of testing. Technical skills (t = 8.639, p = 0.000) also increased in the study group after the intervention. The control group showed no significant changes. The quality report of the samples in the study group increased from 60% to 86.7% and in the control group decreased from 92.3% to 84.6%. Conclusions: The training is effective in improving the knowledge and skills in taking Pap. Health staff who received the training improved their performance and showed more interest in providing high quality service to women.

关键词： Cervical Cancer Educational Intervention Pap Knowledge and Skills in Taking Pap

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Concordance in the Interpretation of Cervical Cytology for the Early Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第12期6卷 714-724页

作者： sandra olimpia gutiérrez-enríquez Luis Chávez-Hernández Yolanda Terán-Figueroa Darío Gaytán-Hernández Cuauhtémoc Oros-Ovalle Verónica Gallegos-García Aracely Diáz-Oviedo Claudia Elena González-Acevedo Nursing and Nutrition Faculty of Autonomic San Luis Potosí University San Luis Potosí México Mexican Institute of Social Security San Luis Potosí México Patology Department Hospital Central Dr. IgnacioMorones Prieto San Luis Potosí México

Objective: To identify the diagnostic concordance in the interpretation of cervical smears. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study from October 2011 to January 2013. 50 samples were read by every 4 cyto-technologists who are the total staffs that read and interpret cytological specimens from a public health institution of the city of San Luis Potosí, México. The cytological diagnosis was confirmed by a certified pathologist. Checklist was developed to determine the quality of the interpretation composed of three sections: adequate sample, inadequate sample and cytological diagnosis. The diagnostic report was made by Bethesda System 2001 classification. Diagnostic concordance was measured through the Kappa coefficient. To establish the differences in cytological diagnosis between each cyto-technologist, chi square test was applied. Results: The concordance is acceptable in the classification of samples as inadequate (k = 0.66). The negative diagnosis was a significant concordance between each cytotechnologist and pathologist;however, no case had very good concordance. In the epithelial abnormalities, only the cytotechnologist 2 had significant concordance with the pathologist, however, its concordance is low. In the case of glandular abnormalities, only cytotechnologist 1 had no significant concordance with the pathologist. The percentage of true negatives was 30%, true positives 20%, false negatives 50% and false positives 0 %. There are significant differences between the readings of cyto-technologist 1 and 2 (p < 0.008), between 1 to 4 (p < 0.001), between 2 and 3 (p < 0.05), and finally between 3 and 4 (p < 0.003). Conclusions: The concordance between cyto-technologists and pathologists is below the required minimum level set by national and international standards.

关键词： Papanicolaou Test Cervical Cancer Quality Control Cytology

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