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Environmental monitoring and fuzzy synthetic evaluation of municipal solid waste transfer stations in Beijing in 2001-2006

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2008年第8期20卷 998-1005页

作者： li, Chunping li, guoxue LUO, Yiming li, Yanfu HUANG, Jian College of Resource and Environment Science China Agriculture University Beijing 100094 China Beijing Solid Waste Administration Department Beijing 100067 China Institute of Desert Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi 830002 China

Transfer station(TS)is an integral part of present-day municipal solid waste(MSW)management *** provide information for the incorporation of waste facilities within the current integrated waste management system,the authors measured the existing environmental quality at five MSW *** wastewater,air,and noise were monitored and assayed at the five TSs in Beijing in 2001-2006 during rainy seasons(RSs)and dry seasons(DSs).Except Ammonia(NH_3)and hydrogen sulfide(H_2S),the analytical results of...

关键词： municipal solid waste(MSW) transfer stations(TSs) pollutant monitoring environmental quality fuzzy mathematics

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羊垫料养殖技术研究进展

中国农业大学学报 2024年第1期29卷 140-145页

作者：袁京尹子铭王国英李丹阳杨佳李国学中国农业大学资源与环境学院/农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室北京100193

为实现规模化舍饲羊养殖的绿色可持续发展,推动垫料养殖技术在羊养殖领域的应用,采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法,对羊垫料养殖技术最新研究进展进行系统探讨。通过分析羊垫料养殖技术的特点、垫料选择标准、以及垫料养殖对羊只饲养效果... 详细信息

为实现规模化舍饲羊养殖的绿色可持续发展,推动垫料养殖技术在羊养殖领域的应用,采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法,对羊垫料养殖技术最新研究进展进行系统探讨。通过分析羊垫料养殖技术的特点、垫料选择标准、以及垫料养殖对羊只饲养效果的相关参数,期望从源头解决羊场粪污处理问题,为养羊业的可持续发展提供理论支撑和技术指导。结果表明:1)羊垫料养殖技术能及时有效的处理羊粪污、改善圈舍环境,减轻对环境的不良影响。2)与传统养殖方式相比,羊垫料养殖技术可减少羊患病率,实现快速增重等,对促进羊只生长健康和福利方面具有明显优势。3)垫料的选择与管理是影响动物健康、生产性能以及环境可持续性的关键因素。

关键词：垫料养殖有机垫料圈舍环境饲养效果

Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1754-1760页

作者： Tao Jiang Frank Schuchardt guoxue li Rui Guo Yuanqiu Zhao College of Resources and Environment Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100094 China Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-lnstitute Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Bundesallee 50 38116 Braunschweig Germany College of Chemistry and Biology Leshan Normal College Leshan 614004 China

Gaseous emission （N2O, CH4 and NH3） from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon （TOC） was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH4. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N20 was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH3 （p = 0.0189）, CH4 （p = 0.0113） and N20 （p = 0.0493） emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH4 emission but increase the NH3 and N20 losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH3 （p = 0.0442） and CH4 （p = 0.0246） emissions significantly, but not the N20. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH3 and CH4 emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio.

关键词： pig faeces composting methane nitrous oxide ammonia

Effects of aeration method and aeration rate on greenhouse gas emissions during composting of pig feces in pilot scale

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第5期27卷 124-132页

作者： Tao Jiang guoxue li Qiong Tang Xuguang Ma Gang Wang Frank Schuchardt College of Chemistry Leshan Normal College College of Resources and Environment Sciences China Agricultural University Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems EngineeringBundesallee 5038116 Braunschweig Germany

The aim of this study was to uncover ways to mitigate greenhouse gas（GHG） emissions and reduce energy consumption during the composting process. We assessed the effects of different aeration rates（0, 0.18, 0.36, and 0.54 L/（kg dry matter（dm）·min）） and methods（continuous and intermittent） on GHG emissions. Pig feces and corn stalks were mixed at a ratio of 7：1. The composting process lasted for 10 weeks, and the compost was turned approximately every 2 weeks. Results showed that both aeration rate and method significantly affected GHG emissions. Higher aeration rates increased NH3 and N2O losses,but reduced CH4 emissions. The exception is that the CH4 emission of the passive aeration treatment was lower than that of the low aeration rate treatment. Without forced aeration,the CH4 diffusion rates in the center of the piles were very low and part of the CH4 was oxidized in the surface layer. Intermittent aeration reduced NH3 and CH4 losses, but significantly increased N2 O production during the maturing periods. Intermittent aeration increased the nitrification/denitrification alternation and thus enhanced the N2 O production. Forced aeration treatments had higher GHG emission rates than the passive aeration treatment. Forced aeration accelerated the maturing process, but could not improve the quality of the end product. Compared with continuous aeration, intermittent aeration could increase the O2 supply efficiency and reduced the total GHG emission by 17.8%, and this reduction increased to 47.4% when composting was ended after 36 days.

关键词： Intermittent aeration Forced aeration Passive aeration Greenhouse gas Composting

Use of additive and pretreatment to control odors in municipal kitchen waste during aerobic composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 83-90页

作者： Jing Yuan Qingyuan Yang Zhiye Zhang guoxue li Wenhai Luo Difang Zhang College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural University School of Civil Mining and Environmental Engineering University of Wollongong

The effects of adding a bulking agent and chemically pretreating municipal kitchen waste before aerobic composting were studied using a laboratory-scale system. The system used20-L reactors and each test lasted 28 days. The objective was to decrease NH3 and H2S emissions during composting. The bulking agent, dry cornstalks, was mixed with the kitchen waste to give a mixture containing 15%（wet weight） bulking agent. A combined treatment was also conducted, in which kitchen waste mixed with the bulking agent was pretreated with ferric chloride（FeC l3）. Less leachate was produced by the composted kitchen waste mixed with bulking agent than by the kitchen waste alone, when the materials had reached the required maturity. The presence of cornstalks also caused less H2 S to be emitted, but had little impact on the amount of NH3 emitted. The FeC l3 was found to act as an effective chemical flocculant,and its presence significantly decreased the amounts of NH3 and H2S emitted. Kitchen waste mixed with cornstalks and treated with FeC l3 emitted 42% less NH3 and 76% less H2 S during composting than did pure kitchen waste.

关键词： Aerobic composting Kitchen waste Pretreatment Ammonia Hydrogen sulfide

Effect of phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide as additives on NH_3,N_2O and CH_4 emissions during composting

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1338-1345页

作者： Yiming Luo guoxue li Wenhai Luo Frank Schuchardt Tao Jiang Degang Xu College of Resource and Environmental Science China Agricultural University Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering Johann Heinrich von Thuenen-Institute College of Chemistry Leshan Normal University Research Institute of Safety and Environment Technology CNPC

A laboratory scale experiment of composting in a forced aeration system using pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to investigate the effects of both phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide （DCD, C2 H4 N4 ） as additives on gaseous emissions and compost quality. Besides a control, there were three amended treatments with different amounts of additives. The results indicated that the phosphogypsum addition at the rate of 10% of mixture dry weight decreased NH3 and CH4 emissions significantly during composting. The addition of DCD at the rate of 0.2% of mixture dry weight together with 10% of phosphogypsum further reduced the N20 emission by affecting the nitrification process. Reducing the phosphogypsum addition to 5% in the presence of 0.2% DCD moderately increased the NH3 emissions but not N20 emission. The additives increased the ammonium content and electrical conductivity significantly in the final compost. No adverse effect on organic matter degradation or the germination index of the compost was found in the amended treatments. It was recommended that phosphogypsum and DCD could be used in composting for the purpose of reducing NH3 , CH4 and N20 emissions.0ptimal conditions and dose of DCD additive during composting should be determined with different materials and composting systems in further study.

关键词： composting phosphogypsum dicyandiamide greenhouse gas pig manure

Effects of adding bulking agents on the biodrying of kitchen waste and the odor emissions produced

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第5期30卷 344-355页

作者： Jing Yuan Yun li Hongyu Zhang Difang Zhang David Chadwick guoxue li Guoying Wang Menghao Chi Fan Yang Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation College of Resources and Environmental ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Building Materials Academy of Science Research/State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Material Beijing 100041China Bangor University Deiniol Rd.BangorUnited Kingdom College of Resources and Environmental Science Jilin Agricultural UniversityJilin 130118China Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing 100037China

The effects of adding a bulking agent on the performance and odor emissions（ammonia and eight sulfur-containing odorous compounds） when biodrying kitchen waste were investigated. Three treatments were considered： the addition of either cornstalks（CS） or wood peat（WP） to kitchen waste as a bulking agent before biodrying, and a control treatment（CK）. The water-removal rates for CK, CS, and WP treatments were 0.35, 0.56, and0.43 kg/kg, respectively. Addition of bulking agents to kitchen waste produced less leachate,higher moisture-removal rates, and lower consumption of volatile solids. The CS treatment had the highest biodrying index（4.07）, and those for the WP and CK treatments were 3.67 and 1.97, respectively. Adding cornstalks or wood peat decreased NH3 emissions by 55.8%and 71.7%, respectively. Total sulfur losses were 3.6%–21.6% after 21 days biodrying, and H2 S and Me2 SS were the main（〉 95%） sulfur compounds released. The smallest amounts of sulfur-containing odorous compounds were emitted when cornstalks were added, and adding cornstalks and wood peat decreased total sulfur losses by 50.6%–64.8%.

关键词： Biodrying Kitchen waste Bulking agent Water content Ammonia Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)

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锯末覆盖对沼液贮存过程温室气体排放的影响

农业环境科学学报 2024年第9期43卷 2104-2116页

作者：魏佳欣罗一鸣郭伟刘婉岑罗文海李国学张智烨亓传仁中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193 农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室北京100193 农业农村部农业绿色低碳重点实验室北京100193 北京市畜牧总站北京100101 兰州新融环境能源工程技术有限公司兰州730099

为有效控制沼液贮存过程中的温室效应,以锯末为覆盖材料,探究在沼液贮存过程中不同覆盖厚度(2、4 cm和6 cm)对氨气(NH_(3))和温室气体[氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)和甲烷(CH_(4))]排放、微生物群落结构的影响,以综合温室效应为评价指标,筛选出经... 详细信息

为有效控制沼液贮存过程中的温室效应,以锯末为覆盖材料,探究在沼液贮存过程中不同覆盖厚度(2、4 cm和6 cm)对氨气(NH_(3))和温室气体[氧化亚氮(N_(2)O)和甲烷(CH_(4))]排放、微生物群落结构的影响,以综合温室效应为评价指标,筛选出经济有效的降低温室效应的覆盖厚度。结果表明:锯末2、4 cm和6 cm覆盖对NH_(3)减排率分别为37.5%、19.4%和24.2%;对N_(2)O减排率分别为-84.7%、41.9%和44.6%;对CH_(4)减排率分别为-18.7%、16.3%和23.7%。从微生物群落结构来看,各覆盖处理均降低了与碳、氮循环相关的微生物丰度,减弱了沼液内部有机质的分解和温室气体的产生。然而,随着覆盖厚度的增加,锯末材料沉降腐解增强,对碳、氮循环功能削弱效果逐渐降低,但是对气体逸出的吸附和阻碍作用仍然随着覆盖厚度的增加而增强,沼液产生的总CO_(2)当量也逐渐减小。综合各种温室效应贡献气体排放情况,不覆盖处理和锯末2、4、6 cm覆盖处理的单位体积沼液35 d产生的总CO_(2)当量分别为10.2、13.0、7.9、7.3 g CO_(2)e·L-1,因此,采用4 cm厚的锯末覆盖沼液是较为经济有效的覆盖方案。

关键词：锯末沼液覆盖厚度温室效应微生物群落结构

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风干预处理对堆肥腐熟度及臭气排放量的影响

农业工程学报 2016年第S2期32卷 247-253页

作者：臧冰李恕艳李国学中国农业大学资源与环境学院北京100193

该研究以风干猪粪堆肥为处理,以新鲜猪粪堆肥为对照,在秸秆调理相同C/N基础上,对两个处理腐熟度和臭气排放进行比较分析。从温度、p H值、电导率和发芽率来看,利用新鲜猪粪和风干猪粪堆肥所得的产品均能达到腐熟和无害化标准;在硫化氢... 详细信息

该研究以风干猪粪堆肥为处理,以新鲜猪粪堆肥为对照,在秸秆调理相同C/N基础上,对两个处理腐熟度和臭气排放进行比较分析。从温度、p H值、电导率和发芽率来看,利用新鲜猪粪和风干猪粪堆肥所得的产品均能达到腐熟和无害化标准;在硫化氢、羰基硫、二硫化碳、甲硫醚、乙硫醚、二甲二硫、甲硫醇和乙硫醇几种含硫臭气中,甲硫醚和二甲二硫占96%以上;风干猪粪堆肥比新鲜猪粪堆肥少排放71.09%的氨气,66.11%的甲硫醚和9.66%的二甲二硫。在不考虑风干环节存在的问题条件下,与新鲜猪粪堆肥相比,风干猪粪堆肥堆肥时间短,在堆肥品质提高的基础上,堆肥产品产量增加60%。通过降低水分和体积风干猪粪运输成本降低1/3,且对环境影响小,是远距离资源化处理畜禽粪便的较好途径。

关键词：堆肥粪酶含硫臭气氨气腐熟度