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Hexachlorobutadiene emissions from typical chemical plants

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第4期15卷 77-83页

作者： Minxiang Wang Lili Yang Xiaoyun liu Zheng Wang guorui liu Minghui Zheng College of Geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an710054China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUCASHangzhou310000China

Hexachlorobutadiene(HCBD)was classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention in *** is mainly an unintentionally produced by-product of chlorinated hydrocarbon(e.g.,trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene)*** studies of HCBD formation during chemical production processes have been performed,so HCBD emissions from these potentially important sources are not *** this study,HCBD concentrations in raw materials,intermediate products,products,and bottom residues from chemical plants producing chlorobenzene,trichloroethylene,and tetrachloroethylene were *** results indicated that HCBD is unintentionally produced at much higher concentrations in trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene plants than chlorobenzene *** sum of the HCBD concentrations in the samples from all of the trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene production stages in plant PC was 247000µg/mL,about three orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the tetrachloroethylene production samples(plant PB)and about six orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations in the chlorobenzene production samples(plant PA).The HCBD concentrations were highest in bottom residues from all of the *** concentrations in the bottom residue samples contributed 24%–99%of the total HCBD formed in the chemical production *** bottom residue,being hazardous waste,could be disposed of by *** HCBD concentrations were much higher in intermediate products than raw materials,indicating that HCBD formed during production of the intended *** results indicate the concentrations of HCBD unintentionally produced in typical chemical plants and will be useful in developing protocols for controlling HCBD emissions to meet the Stockholm Convention requirements.

关键词： Hexachlorobutadiene Chemical plant Chlorobenzene Trichloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene

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Evaluating the effectiveness of using ClO_2 bleaching as substitution of traditional Cl_2 on PCDD/F reduction in a non-wood pulp and paper mill using reeds as raw materials

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Green Energy & Environment 2018年第3期3卷 302-308页

作者： Lili Yang Liping Fang Linyan Huang Yuyang Zhao guorui liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute for Environmental Reference Materials of Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China

The effectiveness of ClO_2 bleaching as a replacement for conventional Cl_2 bleaching,which is intensively practiced in developing countries,to reduce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)in non-wood pulp and paper mills has not been field *** first field study was performed to investigate PCDD/F variations when ClO_2 bleaching was used as a substitute for conventional Cl_2 bleaching in a non-wood pulp and paper *** was found that the PCDD/F toxic equivalents(TEQs)in solid and effluent samples were approximately 1.3–14.9 times lower when ClO_2 bleaching was used instead of the conventional Cl_2 bleaching.2,3,7,8-Substituted tetrachlorinated dibenzofurans(2,3,7,8-TCDF)were the dominant contributors to total PCDD/F TEQs in samples from the investigated mill when using conventional Cl_2 *** formation amounts of 2,3,7,8-TCDF were reduced from 1.56–2.76 pg TEQ/g to 0.02–0.32 pg TEQ/g in solid samples when ClO_2 bleaching was used instead of the conventional Cl_2 *** replacement of Cl_2 with ClO_2 might decrease the chlorination reactions of dibenzofuran as potential precursors,and thus reduce the formation amounts of 2,3,7,*** results could provide important knowledge for suggesting the best available technique for PCDD/F reduction for non-wood pulp and paper mills in developing countries.

关键词： PCDD/Fs Pulp and paper mill ClO2 bleaching Cl2 bleaching Persistent organic pollutants

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Distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs) in the whole blood of typical meat animals

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 208-212页

作者： Ying Han Wenbin liu Haifeng Li Rongrong Lei guorui liu Lirong Gao Guijin Su State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesBeijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes（PCNs） in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals（chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey） consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations（on a liquid volume basis） of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs（mean： 9.5%） contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs（mean： 6.5%）. The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies（TEQs） were observed in cattle blood（117.4 fg TEQ/L） then chicken blood（117.1 fg TEQ/L）. CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70（20%） and CN66/67（14%）. The dietary intakes of PCNs were also *** meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs（61%）, followed by beef（27%） and pork（5.9%）. The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat.

关键词： PCNs Whole blood Animal Distribution Dietary intake

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Bridging the Energy Benefit and POPs Emission Risk from Waste Incineration

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The Innovation 2021年第1期2卷 38-45页

作者： Cui Li Lili Yang Xiaoyun liu Yuanping Yang Linjun Qin Da Li guorui liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 2871Beijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Environment Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310000China

Incineration has been the globally controversial and concerned method of solid waste *** recovery and volume reduction are the benefits from waste incineration,but risk due to release of persistent organic pollutants is the major public concern in the *** this study,the emission of organic pollutants including dioxins and polychlorinated naphthalenes from solid waste incineration in China was comprehensively evaluated,and a relationship between energy benefit and pollutant emission was firstly *** results show that production of medical and industrial waste was smaller than that of municipal waste but yielded comparable or even higher emission of *** energy benefit-to-emission index for organic pollutants(EBEIOP)for evaluation of solid waste management on a local or regional scale was *** correlations between net energy benefit and pollutant emission for provinces with higher EBEIOP values were ***,higher EBEIOP values were associated with economic factors while lower values were influenced by emission from incineration of medical and industrial *** suggest that an EBEIOP value of R60 can serve as a reference for“profitable”solid waste management,assisting decision making during energy benefit and environmental risk assessment.

关键词： solid waste incineration energy benefit persistent organic pollutant emission

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Brominated dioxins and furans in a cement kiln co-processing municipal solid waste

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 339-345页

作者： Lili Yang Yuyang Zhao Miwei Shi Minghui Zheng Yang Xu Cui Li Yuanping Yang Linjun Qin guorui liu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences

A field study and theoretical calculations were performed to clarify the levels, profiles, and distributions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PBDD/Fs) in a cement kiln co-processing solid waste, with a focus on the PBDF formation *** raw materials contributed greatly to input of PBDD/Fs into the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the raw materials were much higher than those in particle samples from different process stages in the cement kiln. The PBDD/F concentrations in the clinkers were1.40% of the concentrations in the raw materials, which indicated that the high destruction efficiencies for PBDD/Fs by cement kiln. PBDD/F distribution patterns in particle samples collected from different process stages indicated the cement kiln backend was a major site for PBDD/F formation. PBDFs with high levels of halogenation, such as heptabrominated furans(Hp BDF), were the dominant contributors to the total PBDD/F concentrations and accounted for 42%–73% of the total PBDD/F concentrations in the particle samples. Our results showed that co-processing of municipal solid waste in a cement kiln may influence the congener profile of PBDD/Fs, especially for the higher halogenated PBDD fraction. In addition, there were significant correlations between the decabromodiphenyl ether and heptabrominated furan concentrations, which is an indicator of transformation from polybrominated diphenyl ethers to PBDD/Fs. Theoretical calculations were performed and demonstrated that elimination of HBr and Br_2 from polybrominated diphenyl ethers were the dominant formation pathways for PBDD/Fs. These pathways differed from that for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs).

关键词： Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran(PBDD/F) Cement kiln Municipal solid waste Dioxin Formation mechanism

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Source identification, contamination status and health risk assessment of heavy metals from road dusts in Dhaka, Bangladesh

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 159-174页

作者： Aklima Nargis Ahsan Habib Md Nazrul Islam Kai Chen Md Shafiqul Islam Sarker A N M Al-Razee Wenbin liu guorui liu Minggang Cai Coastal and Ocean Management Institute&State Key laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Chemistry University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh Central Chemical Laboratory Department of Narcotics ControlMinistry of Home AffairsDhaka 1204Bangladesh Department of Analytical Chemistry&Environmental Science Training Institute for Chemical IndustriesPolashNarsingdi 1611Bangladesh State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

In this study, concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in road dusts collected from different locations in Dhaka to assess source, contamination status and health risk. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and their mean concentrations were 162.27 ± 29.46, 721.18 ± 180.14, 35.65 ± 12.55, 104.56 ± 128.33, 515.32 ± 321.90,BDL, and 342.82 ± 591.20 mg/kg, respectively. Among the heavy metals, highest concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were found at urban sites-7(municipal waste dumping) and 8(medical waste incineration). Highest concentration of Cr followed by Cu and Zn was found at site-5(Tejgaon, urban). Principal component analysis revealed that anthropogenic activities are the potential sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb while earth crust for Mn. Pollution index and pollution load index results suggested that all the sites were contaminated and/or degraded by Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb except sites-9(urban), 10(sub-urban), 11(rural) while sites-7 and 8(urban) were extremely degraded. For noncarcinogenic health risk, hazard quotient values for dermal were higher compared to that of inhalation/ingestion. Though hazard index values were less than 1 at all the sites, these were at least one order of magnitude higher for children group than that of adult group, thus the children group may face more noncarcinogenic health risk at sites -7 and 8. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk were from 10to 10showed no carcinogenic health risk by road dusts contaminated with the heavy metals.

关键词： Heavy metal Road dust Dhaka Principal component analysis Pollution status Health risk assessment

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Small-scale waste incinerators in rural China:Potential risks of dioxin and polychlorinated naphthalene emissions

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Emerging Contaminants 2019年第1期5卷 31-34页

作者： Lili Yang guorui liu Qingqing Zhu Minghui Zheng State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesP.O.Box 2871Beijing100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Rapid development has led to a tremendous increase in the volume of solid waste produced in rural *** annual amount of solid waste produced from Chinese rural areas is approximately 110 million *** small-scale solid waste incinerators have been built in Chinese rural *** was speculated that the emissions and potential risks of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs,commonly known as dioxins)and polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs)from these incinerators could be serious.A preliminary case investigation on PCDD/F and PCN emissions from a small-scale waste incinerator was *** stack gas samples were collected using auto isokinetic sampling techniques and PCDD/F and PCN congeners were identified and quantified by high resolution gas chromatography combined with high resolution mass *** and toxic equivalents of PCDD/Fs emitted from the small-scale waste incinerator were 153 ngm^-3 and 5.6 ng TEQ m^-3,respectively,which was much higher than the regulatory level for municipal solid waste incinerators permitted in China and the European Union *** have similar toxicological effects with PCDD/Fs,and the relative potency factors(RPFs)of some PCN congeners(dioxin-like PCNs)to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD)were previously proposed to evaluate the dioxin-like toxicity of *** mass concentrations of PCNs and dioxin-like PCNs from the small-scale solid incinerator were 2927 ngm^-3 and 1137 ngm^-3,much higher than that of ***,much less attention has been paid to the small-scale incinerators compared with municipal solid waste ***,we proposed that there should be a growing need to focus on the emissions and potential risks of dioxins and dioxin-like pollutants from these small-scale waste incinerators in rural China.

关键词： Small-scale waste incinerator Solid waste Rural area Dioxins Emission

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Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment of road dust from landfills in Dhaka-Narayanganj, Bangladesh

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Emerging Contaminants 2024年第1期10卷 117-125页

作者： Mrittika Chakraborty Md Masudur Rahman Rahat Tasrina Rabia Choudhury Refayat Nigar guorui liu Ahsan Habib Department of Chemistry University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry DivisionAtomic Energy Centre Dhaka Bangladesh Atomic Energy CommissionDhaka1000Bangladesh State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental ScienecsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China

In the recent years,air pollution has become an alarming issue for human health in many rapidly growing megacities including Dhaka and ***,pollution status and health risk have been assessed by the road dusts collected from landfills in Dhaka and Narayanganj through determination of heavy metals including Pb,Cd,Cr,As,Cu,Ni,Zn and Mn using atomic absorption *** collected dust samples have been grouped into three sizes,for example,150,75 and<75μm,to assess the degree of heavy metal accumulation in the dust *** dust particles were accumulated with high concentrations of Pb and As at Matuail landfills,whereas Cd,Cr,Zn,and Mn concentrations were highest at Narayanganj *** finer particles,for example 75μm,accumulated substantial concentrations of heavy *** index and pollution load index(PLI)results revealed that all of the sites were deteriorated by Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn and *** results exhibited that the quality of the Matuail landfill area was severely *** terms of non-carcinogenic health risk,the values of hazard quotient for ingestion were greater than those for inhalation and dermal *** adult groups,hazard index values for the Matuail landfills and medical waste incineration sites were greater than 1,while for the children groups,the values for the same areas,including the Narayanganj landfills,were also larger than *** values were at least one order of magnitude higher for the children groups than for the adult *** the results,it would be reasonable to draw the conclusion that non-carcinogenic health risks for children may be more prevalent in the relevant areas.

关键词： Road dusts Heavy metals Landfills Bangladesh Degree of accumulation Health risk assessment

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The Technology Selection and Critical Successful Factors in the Information Technology （IT） Growth of Manufacturing Corporations in China

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2006年第1期4卷 73-81页

作者： guorui Jiang Yunfeng liu Yuying Wu School of Economics and Management Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022 China

With the rapid development of the information technology （IT） and the more competitive environment of the corporations, IT is not only important for the enterprises tactically but also strategically, We extend the concept of the critical success factors （CSF） and Nolan＇s stages theory to identify the IT issues and measure their CSF of the manufacturers in China. We put forward the IT selection matrix based on Nolan＇s stages theory to analyze the IT application in manufacturers in Beijing based on our survey. We analyze the development of IT, IT selection strategy and the CSF influencing the IT growth of manufacturers in China.

关键词： Manufacturer IT technology selection critical successful factors (CSF)

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Object-level change detection based on full-scale image segmentation and its application to Wenchuan Earthquake

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 110-122页

作者： GONG JianYa,SUI HaiGang,SUN KaiMin,MA guorui & liu JunYi State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Aiming at object fragmentation and poor detection results caused by discontinuous segmentation scale in object-level change detection,a new object-level change detection method based on the full-scale object tree is presented in this *** core idea of this new algorithm is to establish the full-scale object tree based on convexity model theory and integrate full-scale image segmentation techniques and change detection into the whole *** Wenchuan Earthquake images are taken as an example to discuss the new method for earthquake damage detection and evaluation in urban area,landslide detection,and extraction of barrier lake *** application shows that the new method is robust and it provides an advanced tool for the quantitative detection and evaluation of earthquake damage.

关键词： change detection convexity model image segmentation full-scale object tree Wenchuan Earthquake

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