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Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 596-610页

作者： guopeng zhou Kunkun Fan Songjuan Gao Danna Chang Guilong Li Ting Liang Hai Liang Shun Li Jiudong Zhang Zongxian Che Weidong Cao State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200China Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, an

关键词： soil biodiversity soil multifunctionality element cycling keystone phylotypes

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解磷细菌活化水稻土中低品位磷矿粉的效果与机制

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中国农业科学 2024年第6期57卷 1102-1116页

作者：宋雅荣常单娜周国朋高嵩涓段廷玉曹卫东兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室/兰州大学草地农业科技学院中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室安徽农业大学资源与环境学院南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院

【目的】低品位磷矿粉中磷的生物利用具有重要意义。探讨解磷细菌活化低品位磷矿粉的效果与机制，为提高磷矿粉在红壤性水稻土上的施肥效果提供依据。【方法】将在湖南省采集的红壤性水稻土中添加不同粒径（0.18、0.10和0.05 mm）的磷... 详细信息

【目的】低品位磷矿粉中磷的生物利用具有重要意义。探讨解磷细菌活化低品位磷矿粉的效果与机制，为提高磷矿粉在红壤性水稻土上的施肥效果提供依据。【方法】将在湖南省采集的红壤性水稻土中添加不同粒径（0.18、0.10和0.05 mm）的磷矿粉，设置接种乙酸钙不动杆菌（Acinetobacter calcoaceticus,P1）、皮特不动杆菌（Acinetobacter pittii,P2），以及不接种解磷细菌（P0）3种处理。将培养瓶在25℃黑暗培养箱中培养60 d，期间动态监测不同形态磷、pH，第60天测定有机酸、酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性（ACP、ALP）、碱性磷酸酶基因（phoD），研究解磷细菌对不同粒径磷矿粉的活化效果及机制。【结果】两株解磷细菌均能够活化难溶性磷，活化效果差异不显著。整个培养期间，3个粒径的磷矿粉接种解磷细菌后有效磷平均含量为13.4—14.7 mg·kg-1，高于不接种（P0）处理，提高31.1%—53.1%。粒径0.05 mm磷矿粉接种P1和P2解磷菌后有效磷平均含量增幅最大，为53.1%、47.5%(P<0.05)；树脂磷（Resin-Pi）和碳酸氢钠提取无机磷（NaHCO3-Pi）的平均含量分别为13.9—16.6和14.9—16.5 mg·kg-1，均高于P0处理，分别提高36.4%—78.5%和13.7%—25.0%。粒径0.18mm磷矿粉接种P1和P2解磷菌后Resin-Pi平均含量增幅最明显，为78.5%、49.5%(P<0.05)；与P0相比，接种解磷细菌后粒径0.18 mm磷矿粉处理的活性磷增幅最明显，为28.4%—46.7%，稳定性磷降低2.1%—8.0%。与P0相比，接种解磷细菌土壤pH降低0.18—0.35个单位（P<0.05）；乙酸、丙酸含量提高5.2%—13.7%和45.9%—127.5%(P<0.05)。P1处理碱性磷酸酶含量、phoD丰度分别增加6.5%—13.4%和24.0%—98.6%(P<0.05),P2处理酸性磷酸酶活性增加12.8%—17.2%(P<0.05)，表明P1主要分泌碱性磷酸酶，P2主要分泌酸性磷酸酶。相关性分析结果表明，两株解磷细菌主要通过分泌乙酸、丙酸溶解难溶性的浓盐酸提取有机磷（***-Po）、浓盐酸提取无机磷（***-Pi）和氢氧化钠提取无机磷（NaOH-Pi），分泌酸性磷酸酶与碱性磷酸酶溶解难溶性有机磷（***-Po），向活性较高的Resin-Pi和碳酸氢钠提取无机磷（NaHCO3-Pi）转化，促进磷库的周转。结构方程模型表明，添加细小粒径的磷矿粉与接种解磷细菌均可直接提高土壤有效磷含量，但接种解磷细菌对有效磷的影响更大。【结论】接种解磷菌能促进磷矿粉中难溶性磷的活化，粒径0.05 mm磷矿粉接种解磷菌后土壤有效磷增幅最大，但粒径0.18 mm磷矿粉处理的活性磷占比增幅最大，活化效果最好。解磷细菌乙酸钙不动杆菌和皮特不动杆菌主要通过分泌乙酸、丙酸等有机酸及磷酸酶，活化难溶性磷，增加活性磷占比，提高磷矿粉在红壤性水稻土中的施用效果。

关键词：红壤水稻土磷矿粉解磷细菌磷组分

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不同生物质炭的镉吸附特征及对云南土壤镉污染的调控效应

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土壤学报 2024年第1期61卷 151-162页

作者：王一锟梁婷周国朋常单娜高嵩涓付利波范洪黎曹卫东中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室北京100081 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院南京210095 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所昆明650205

研究不同植物源生物质炭的性质,评价其对云南东川地区镉(Cd)污染应用效果。开展了稻秆炭(RBC)、麦秆炭(WBC)、玉米秆炭(MBC)、麻秆炭(HBC)、田菁炭(TBC)、花生壳炭(PBC)的Cd吸附特征研究和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析、X射线衍射(XRD... 详细信息

研究不同植物源生物质炭的性质,评价其对云南东川地区镉(Cd)污染应用效果。开展了稻秆炭(RBC)、麦秆炭(WBC)、玉米秆炭(MBC)、麻秆炭(HBC)、田菁炭(TBC)、花生壳炭(PBC)的Cd吸附特征研究和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析;通过盆栽试验分析了上述生物质炭对东川Cd污染土壤的Cd赋存形态和油麦菜Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,Langmuir吸附等温线及准二级动力学曲线能较好模拟生物质炭对Cd的吸附,TBC饱和吸附量最大分别为37.1和27.9mg·g^(-1);WBC、RBC、TBC解吸率较低,各浓度梯度下均不超过10%;FTIR分析表明田菁炭含有较多的含氧官能团;XRD分析表明各生物质炭元素种类存在差异。与不添加生物质炭处理(CK)比较,TBC处理土壤有效Cd降幅最大为24.3%,且达显著水平(P<0.05);同时土壤Cd形态由酸溶态向稳定态转化。与CK相比,HBC处理油麦菜地上Cd含量降幅最大为26.4%,且达显著水平;WBC、HBC处理显著降低油麦菜体内Cd的转运系数,转运系数分别为0.6620、0.6928。聚合增强树分析(ABT)分析结果表明,土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)与土壤pH是土壤有效Cd的主要影响因素,呈极显著负相关,贡献率分别为33.0%和21.9%。综上,供试各植物源生物质炭能降低东川Cd污染土壤中Cd的有效性,减少植物对Cd的吸收及转运,不同生物质炭间存在差异。综合材料性质及试验结果,TBC是东川地区修复Cd污染土壤的较优材料选择。

关键词：生物质炭重金属固定吸附-解吸镉吸收与转运

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全科医学和初级保健横断面研究的基本设计和实施步骤

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中国全科医学 2024年第13期27卷 1584-1593页

作者：李雪迎康晓平迟春花王熙诚尚美霞周国鹏高畅潘子涵北京大学第一医院医学统计室北京市100034 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系北京市100191 北京大学第一医院全科医学科北京市100034 University College London school of managementGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BT

横断面研究是经典的研究设计方法之一,在临床各个专业中均有广泛的应用。在全科医学研究中大量科学问题的解答采用了横断面研究设计。这其中不仅包括了对人群健康特征,疾病特征或卫生服务现状的调查研究,还包括了面向社区人群的疾病筛... 详细信息

横断面研究是经典的研究设计方法之一,在临床各个专业中均有广泛的应用。在全科医学研究中大量科学问题的解答采用了横断面研究设计。这其中不仅包括了对人群健康特征,疾病特征或卫生服务现状的调查研究,还包括了面向社区人群的疾病筛查诊断方法构建等多种研究场景。在全科医学领域中,横断面研究可以做现况描述和比较分析,关联因素分析以及社区筛查诊断方法探索。开展横断面研究应包括研究设计和研究实施两个阶段,研究设计包括准确提炼研究目标,明确研究人群,研究因素及结局指标等临床要素以及确定样本获取方式,明确样本量的确定依据及合理的统计分析策略等方法学要素。研究实施,则需要通过完备的研究方案和病例报告表呈现研究设计思路,在伦理批准的前提下开展数据收集工作,同时注重数据管理工作质量并严格执行方案中的统计分析方法,求证医学问题。横断面研究的特点是相比于随访观察研究所需要的研究周期相对较短,不同基础的研究团队都能找到适合的研究方向,通过了解健康医疗现状,从探讨关联因素创建筛查方法等角度,服务社区医疗。

关键词：全科医学初级卫生保健横断面研究调查研究关联性分析诊断能力评价研究设计

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工程教育认证与电力电子技术的模块化实验教学实践

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电子技术（上海） 2024年第3期53卷 118-120页

作者：汪丽燕周国鹏熊同强湖北科技学院自动化学院湖北437100

阐述电力电子技术课程中的模块化教学与实验教学的特点。探讨电力电子技术实验模块化课程设计,包括基础性实验模块、综合性实验模块、设计性实验模块。提出教学实践达到提升课堂教学效果和实现工程教育的培养目标。

关键词：电力电子技术模块化实验教学工程教育认证

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The chromosome-level genome assembly of Astragalus sinicus and comparative genomic analyses provide new resources and insights for understanding legume-rhizobial interactions

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Plant Communications 2022年第2期3卷 62-75页

作者： Danna Chang Songjuan Gao guopeng zhou Shuhan Deng Jizeng Jia Ertao Wang Weidong Cao Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Glbizzia Biological Science and Technology CoLtdBeijingChina Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyInstitutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

The legume species Astragalus sinicus(Chinese milk vetch[CMV])has been widely cultivated for centuries in southern China as one of the most important green manures/cover crops for improving rice productivity and preventing soil *** this study,we generated the first chromosome-scale reference genome of CMV by combining PacBio and Illumina sequencing with high-throughput chromatin conformation capture(Hi-C)*** CMV genome was 595.52 Mb in length,with a contig N50 size of 1.50 *** terminal repeats(LTRs)had been amplified and contributed to genome size expansion in *** has undergone two whole-genome duplication(WGD)events,and the genes retained after the WGD shared by Papilionoideae species shaped the rhizobial symbiosis and the hormonal regulation of *** chalcone synthase(CHS)gene family was expanded and was expressed primarily in the roots of ***,we found that resistance genes were more highly expressed in roots than in nodules of legume species,suggesting that their expression may be increased to bolster plant immunity in roots to cope with pathogen infection in *** work sheds light on the genetic basis of nodulation and symbiosis in CMV and provides a benchmark for accelerating genetic research and molecular breeding in the future.

关键词： Astragalus sinicus genome chalcone synthase(CHS)gene R genes

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Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ on sepsis induced acute lung injury

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Chinese Medical Journal 2014年第11期127卷 2129-2137页

作者： Wang Cairui zhou guopeng Zeng Zeng Department of Geriatrics Peking University First Hospital Beijing100034 China

Background Acute lung injury （ALI） and acute respiratory distress syndrome （ARDS） are the first steps in the development of multiple organ failure induced by sepsis.A systemic excessive inflammatory reaction is currently the accepted mechanism of the pathogenesis of *** studies have suggested a protective role of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-β/δ （PPAR-β/δ） in related inflammatory *** the role of PPARβ/δ in ALI remains *** aim of this study was to investigate the role and possible mechanism of PPARβ/δ in ALI induced by *** Cecal ligation and puncture （CLP） was used as a sepsis *** were randomly divided into four groups,the control group （CON,n=6）,sham-operation group （SHAM,n=12）,cecal ligation and puncture group （CLP,n=30）,GW501516 group （CLP＋GW,n=25）,which underwent CLP and were subcutaneously injected with the PPAR-β/δ agonist GW501516 （0.05 mg/100 g body weight）.Survival was monitored to 24 hours after *** pressure,serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen,aspartate aminotrasferase and alanine aminotrasferase were measured after *** of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） and interleukin （IL）-1β in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） *** tissue samples were stained with H＆E and scored according to the degree of *** colonies were counted in the peritoneal *** macrophages were cultured and incubated with GW501516 （0.15 μmol/L） and PPARβ/δ adenovirus and then treated with Lipopolysaccharide （2 μg/ml） for 2 *** TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 RNA in lung and alveolar macrophages were determined by real-time *** of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） in lung and alveolar macrophages was detected by Western *** GW501516 significantly increased the survival of septic rats,decreased histological damage of the lungs,reduced inflammatory cytokines in serum and lung tissues of septic

关键词： peroxisome proliferator activated receptor acute lung injury sepsis alveolar macrophages STAT3 transcription factor

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Sufficient and necessary conditions for global stability of genetic regulator networks with time delays

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2016年第1期59卷 175-187页

作者： guopeng zhou Jinhua HUANG Fengxia TIAN Xiaoxin LIAO School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Institute of Engineering and Technology Hubei University of Science and Technology Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering Wuhan Institute of Shipbuilding Technology College of Automation Huazhong University of Science and Technology

This paper is concerned with the global stability of the nonlinear model for genetic regulator networks(GRNs) with time delays. Four new sufficient and necessary conditions for global asymptotic stability and global exponential stability of the equilibrium point of GRNs are derived. Specifically, using comparing theorem and Dini derivation method, three weak sufficient conditions for global stability of GRNs with constant time delays are proposed. Finally, a general GRN model is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. Compared with the previous results, some sufficient and necessary conditions for Lyapunov stability of GRNs are proposed, which are not seen before.

关键词： genetic regulator networks time delay global asymptotic stable global exponential stable comparing theorem Dini derivative

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Bacterial communities in paddy soils changed by milk vetch as green manure: A study conducted across six provinces in South China

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Pedosphere 2021年第4期31卷 521-530页

作者： Songjuan GAO Weidong CAO guopeng zhou Robert M.REES College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081(China) Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) West Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JG(UK)

The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncertain. A study was undertaken across multiple sites and years in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan,Hubei, and Fujian provinces of South China to investigate the effects of green manuring on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in rice-green manure cropping systems. The study included four treatments: winter fallow with no chemical fertilizer as a control(NF), milk vetch as green manure without chemical fertilizer(GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer(CF), and a combination of chemical fertilizer and milk vetch(GMCF).Significant differences were found in the responses of soil microbial communities at different sites, with sampling sites explaining 72.33%(F = 36.59,P = 0.001) of the community composition variation. The bacterial communities in the soils from Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were broadly similar, while those from Hunan were distinctly different from other locations. The analysis of Weighted UniFrac distances showed that milk vetch changed soil microbial communities compared with winter fallow. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in these paddy soils;however, the application of green manures increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. There was evidence showing that the functional microbes which play important roles in the cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen(N), and sulfur(S) changed after several years of milk vetch utilization(linear discriminant analysis score > 2). The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria and S-reducing bacteria increased, and microbes involved in N fixation, nitrification, and denitrification also increased in some provinces. We concluded that the application of milk vetch changed the bacterial community structure and affected the functional groups related to nutrient transformation in soils at

关键词： alpha diversity bacterial composition functional group operational taxonomic unit soil fertility Weighted UniFrac distance

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On group structures of strategic-form games

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 540-549页

作者： Zhigang Cao guopeng Li Zhibin Tan Xiaoguang Yang School of Economics and Management Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China School of Economics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China MADIS Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

There are two recognized classes of strategic-form symmetric games,both of which can be conveniently defined through the corresponding player symmetry *** investigate the basic properties of these groups and several related *** generalize the notion of coveringness and adapt their results to characterize these player symmetry *** study the relationships between the coveringnesses of various symmetry *** results demonstrate that these symmetry groups have rich mathematical structures that are of game theoretical and economic interests.

关键词： Noncooperativegames Strategic-form games Symmetricgames Symmetry groups Covering groups

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