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Pollutant emissions from biomass burning:A review on emission characteristics,environmental impacts,and research perspectives

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Particuology 2024年第2期85卷 296-309页

作者： Ke Jiang Ran Xing Zhihan Luo Wenxuan Huang Fan Yi Yatai Men Nan Zhao Zhaofeng Chang jinfeng Zhao Bo Pan guofeng shen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing100871China Beijing Key Lab Plant Resources Research and Development Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China College of Ecology and Environment Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China Facultyof Environmental Sciences and Engineering Kunming University of Science and TechnologyYunnan Provincial Key Laboratoryof Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution ControlKunming650500China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

Biomass is one most abundant resource on the earth providing important energies in support of so-cioeconomic development in many *** of biomass fuels comprises to nearly 10%of the total energy from anthropogenic combustion processes:however,as the burning is usually incomplete,this process yields products of incomplete combustion posing consequently significant impacts on air quality,human health,and climate ***,we analyzed spatiotemporal characteristics in intentional and unintentional biomass burning from different sectors,discussed impacts of biomass burning emissions on indoor and outdoor air quality,and consequent influences on human *** global total con-sumption amount of biomass including both natural and anthropogenic sources was approximately 7900 Tg in 2019,with significantly large regional and sectorial discrepancies among ***,anthropogenic biomass burning amounts increased gradually,but notably in some developing countries like China residential consumption of biomass fuels,as one large sector of biomass use,decreased over *** biomass consumption needs to be accurately *** are relatively rich datasets of pollutant emission factors from biomass burning,including laboratory and field tests,but still large variations exit and contribute substantially to the uncertainty in emission *** pri-mary PM2.5,black carbon and organic carbon emissions from biomass burning were about 51,4.6,and 29 Tg,respectively,contributing to nearly 70%,55%,and 90%of the total emission from all sources,and emissions from the residential sector and open fires are major *** carbon emissions from biomass burning attracts growing interests but available studies adopted different methodologies challenging the comparability of those *** burning emissions polluted not only ambient air but more severely indoor air quality,adversely affecting human *** studies that should be emphasiz

关键词： Biomass burning Carbonaceous aerosol Emission Air quality Human health

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北方农村不同取暖方式家庭室内PM_(2.5)污染差异及清洁取暖效果

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地理学报 2024年第1期79卷 17-27页

作者：李尧捷门亚泰罗智瀚刘新蕾程和发陶澍沈国锋北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室北京100871

农村散煤使用对冬季重污染等贡献显著,更会直接污染室内空气,影响人群健康。除了“煤改电、煤改气”之外,清洁煤和成型生物质也被认为是降低散煤污染的有效途径,在一些政策和行动中被推广。然而,目前还缺乏不同取暖模式下居民室内空气... 详细信息

农村散煤使用对冬季重污染等贡献显著,更会直接污染室内空气,影响人群健康。除了“煤改电、煤改气”之外,清洁煤和成型生物质也被认为是降低散煤污染的有效途径,在一些政策和行动中被推广。然而,目前还缺乏不同取暖模式下居民室内空气质量差异及取暖排放贡献的定量研究,是清洁取暖环境效益评估中的短板。本文在北方农村地区开展了覆盖1600户整个取暖季的细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))实地监测,分析了居民室内PM_(2.5)污染的空间差异及不同取暖方式的影响。研究表明,北方农村取暖季室内PM_(2.5)浓度均值为102μg/m^(3),但户间差异很大,从19μg/m^(3)到497μg/m^(3)。使用传统散煤和生物质取暖的家庭,取暖季室内PM_(2.5)浓度高达162μg/m^(3)和144μg/m^(3)。而使用清洁煤或成型生物质取暖的家庭,室内PM_(2.5)显著降低,约为84μg/m^(3),且有56%的时间日均浓度超过国家标准(50μg/m^(3))。电或气取暖的家庭,室内PM_(2.5)浓度最低。受人为活动强度和气象条件等因素影响,居民室内PM_(2.5)浓度的户内变异也很明显,使用固体燃料的家庭相对变异系数约为76%,远大于使用清洁燃料的家庭(53%)。室内传统固体燃料燃烧排放对室内PM_(2.5)的贡献约60%,而随着取暖燃料的清洁化,室内燃烧源贡献逐渐降低。若仅考虑降低室内PM_(2.5),使用成型生物质或清洁煤替代传统散煤可取得显著的减污效果,电替代的降污效果最大。研究为认识室内空气污染变化规律和空间异质性,全面客观地评估清洁取暖对人群健康影响提供了基础数据和科学支撑。

关键词：农村室内PM_(2.5) 户间户内差异固体燃料清洁取暖

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生物质颗粒燃料取暖的环境健康效益及经济成本分析

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生态环境学报 2024年第6期33卷 927-934页

作者：魏代晓门亚泰李尧捷徐铭忆蔡文秀沈国锋烟台市建筑设计研究股份有限公司山东烟台264003 超低能耗绿色建筑山东省工程研究中心山东烟台2640031 北京大学城市与环境学院北京100871 北京大学碳中和研究院北京100871

清洁取暖是解决区域空气污染,提升居民生活质量的重要举措。充分考虑不同地区资源禀赋和社会经济发展条件差异,实施因地制宜的清洁取暖政策,发挥生物质资源碳中性优势,在适宜的地区开展生物质清洁取暖有望取得减污降碳协同增效,但目前... 详细信息

清洁取暖是解决区域空气污染,提升居民生活质量的重要举措。充分考虑不同地区资源禀赋和社会经济发展条件差异,实施因地制宜的清洁取暖政策,发挥生物质资源碳中性优势,在适宜的地区开展生物质清洁取暖有望取得减污降碳协同增效,但目前缺乏相关实证研究。针对生物质清洁取暖,开展了实地监测与问卷调查,量化评估了其环境健康效益和经济可行性。研究表明,研究地区农村进行生物质颗粒取暖改造后,取暖能源的利用效率显著上升,冬季室内温度更适宜,而室内PM_(2.5)污染水平中位数为74μg∙m^(−3),相较未改造下降了25%,而由于室内排放的细颗粒物减少,环境污染物浓度也有所降低。尽管生物质颗粒燃料的单位质量热值普遍小于散煤,燃料使用量相较改造前有所上升,但由于生物质颗粒燃料PM_(2.5)的排放因子显著低于散煤,且炉灶改造后燃料利用率上升,改造后取暖燃烧过程中直接排放的PM_(2.5)相较改造前降低了54%。除PM_(2.5)外,二氧化碳与其他污染物排放也下降了3%-37%。根据模拟结果,进行取暖改造后,平均每年每户家庭取暖活动可减少约3 kg的初级PM_(2.5)排放与37 kg的CO_(2)排放,有效支持了清洁取暖政策与减污降碳战略。根据经济可行性分析,改造后农户取暖成本并未增加,相较“煤改电”或“煤改气”路径,研究地区进行生物质颗粒取暖具有更高的可行性,对政府与农村居民的负担较低。综上,根据实地资源禀赋推广生物质清洁取暖可取得显著的环境效益和气候效益,且具有较高的经济可行性。

关键词：生物质清洁取暖细颗粒物污染物排放环境效益经济可行性

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Household energy stacking and structures in Pakistan-Results from a multiple-energy study in Azad Kashmir and Punjab

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环境科学学报:英文版 2023年第11期133卷 152-160页

作者： Xiaoqiao Jiao Rui Xiong Zhihan Luo Yaojie Li Hefa Cheng Audil Rashid guofeng shen Shu Tao College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Faculty of Science Botany DepartmentUniversity of GujratGujrat 50700Pakistan College of Environmental Science and Technology Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Solid fuel use(SFU)is common in most developing countries and would release many hazardous air pollutants posing high risks on human *** Global Burden of Disease(GBD)study highlighted risks associated with household SFU in Pakistan,however,high uncertainties prevail because of scanty data on SFU and unaccounted energy *** study conducted a field campaign aiming at collecting first-hand data on household energy mix in *** first survey was in Punjab and Azad Kashmir,and revealed that stacked energy use was pervasive,especially for *** stacking was found to be much more obvious in SFU households(defined as those using SFU dominantly)compared to those *** were significantly substantial differences between Azad Kashmir and Punjab because of distinct resources available and economic *** materials comprised up to nearly 70% in Azad Kashmir,but in Punjab,gas was frequently used for *** investigating primary household energy would probably overestimate main energy types that being used for a longer time but underestimated other supplements,suggesting the preference of multiple-energy surveys in household energy studies.

关键词： Household energy Solid fuel use Energy stacking Developing country Pakistan

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Quantification of emission reduction potentials of primary air pollutants from residential solid fuel combustion by adopting cleaner fuels in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 1-7页

作者： guofeng shen Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences

Residential low efficient fuel burning is a major source of many air pollutants produced during incomplete combustions, and household air pollution has been identified as one of the top environmental risk factors. Here we compiled literature-reported emission factors of pollutants including carbon monoxide（CO）, total suspended particles（TSPs）, PM2.5, organic carbon（OC）,elemental carbon（EC） and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） for different household energy sources, and quantified the potential for emission reduction by clean fuel adoption. The burning of crop straws, firewood and coal chunks in residential stoves had high emissions per unit fuel mass but lower thermal efficiencies, resulting in high levels of pollution emissions per unit of useful energy, whereas pelletized biofuels and coal briquettes had lower pollutant emissions and higher thermal efficiencies. Briquetting coal may lead to 82%–88% CO, 74%–99%TSP, 73%–76% PM2.5, 64%–98% OC, 92%–99% EC and 80%–83% PAH reductions compared to raw chunk coal. Biomass pelletizing technology would achieve 88%–97% CO, 73%–87% TSP, 79%–88%PM2.5, 94%–96% OC, 91%–99% EC and 63%–96% PAH reduction compared to biomass burning. The adoption of gas fuels（i.e., liquid petroleum gas, natural gas） would achieve significant pollutant reduction, nearly 96% for targeted pollutants. The reduction is related not only to fuel change, but also to the usage of high efficiency stoves.

关键词： Household solid fuel use Air pollutants Clean fuel intervention Emission reduction

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健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗胃溃疡临床效果观察

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临床医药实践 2024年第7期33卷 492-494,510页

作者：沈国凤汪婷婷唐喜玉肖茂林安徽中医药大学芜湖市中医医院专硕研究生培养基地芜湖市中医医院安徽芜湖241000

目的:探讨健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗胃溃疡的临床效果。方法:选取2022年8月—2023年8月收治的胃溃疡患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予雷贝拉唑治疗,观察组给予健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗,治疗2周后对比两组治疗总有效... 详细信息

目的:探讨健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗胃溃疡的临床效果。方法:选取2022年8月—2023年8月收治的胃溃疡患者60例,随机分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组给予雷贝拉唑治疗,观察组给予健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗,治疗2周后对比两组治疗总有效率、中医典型症状积分、溃疡愈合率及复发率。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组治疗后的中医典型症状积分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组内镜下溃疡治愈率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组复发率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:健胃方联合雷贝拉唑治疗胃溃疡的临床疗效显著,可明显改善患者症状,溃疡愈合率高,复发率低,优于单纯西药治疗效果。

关键词：胃溃疡胃癌前病变健胃方雷贝拉唑联合治疗

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Climate Warming Mitigation from Nationally Determined Contributions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第8期39卷 1217-1228页

作者： Bo FU Jingyi LI Thomas GASSER Philippe CIAIS Shilong PIAO Shu TAO guofeng shen Yuqin LAI Luchao HAN Bengang LI Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA) 2361 LaxenburgAustria Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

Individual countries are requested to submit nationally determined contributions(NDCs)to alleviate global warming in the Paris ***,the global climate effects and regional contributions are not explicitly considered in the countries’decision-making *** this study,we evaluate the global temperature slowdown of the NDC scenario(ΔT=0.6°C)and attribute the global temperature slowdown to certain regions of the world with a compact earth system *** reductions in CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,BC,and SO_(2),the R5OECD(the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in 1990)and R5ASIA(Asian countries)are the top two contributors to global warming mitigation,accounting for 39.3%and 36.8%,respectively.R5LAM(Latin America and the Caribbean)and R5MAF(the Middle East and Africa)followed behind,with contributions of 11.5%and 8.9%,*** remaining 3.5%is attributed to R5REF(the Reforming Economies).Carbon Dioxide emission reduction is the decisive factor of regional contributions,but not the only *** greenhouse gases are also important,especially for *** contribution of short-lived aerosols is small but significant,notably SO_(2)reduction in *** argue that additional species beyond CO_(2)need to be considered,including short-lived pollutants,when planning a route to mitigate climate *** needs to be emphasized that there is still a gap to achieve the Paris Agreement 2-degree target with current NDC efforts,let alone the ambitious 1.5-degree *** countries need to pursue stricter reduction policies for a more sustainable world.

关键词： climate mitigation nationally determined contributions attribution regional contribution integrated assessment models

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Vertically-resolved indoor measurements of air pollution during Chinese cooking

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2022年第4期12卷 37-45页

作者： Shuxiu Zheng Huizhong shen guofeng shen Yilin Chen Jianmin Ma Hefa Cheng Shu Tao College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesSino-French Institute for Earth System SciencePeking UniversityBeijing100871China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Coastal Atmosphere and Climate of the Greater Bay Area Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China

Chinese cooking features several unique processes,e.g.,stir-frying and pan-frying,which represent important sources of household air ***,factors affecting household air pollution and the vertical variations of indoor pollutants during Chinese cooking are less ***,using low-cost sensors with high time resolutions,we measured concentrations of five gas species and particulate matter(PM)in three different sizes at multiple heights in a kitchen during eighteen different Chinese cooking *** found indoor gas species were elevated by 21%-106%during cooking,compared to the background,and PMs were elevated by 44%-159%.Vertically,the pollutants concentrations were highly variable during cooking *** species generally showed a monotonic increase with height,while PMs changed more diversely depending on the cooking activity's *** cooking,e.g.,stir-frying,pan-frying,or cooking on high heat,tended to shoot PMs to the upper layers,while moderate ones left PMs within the breathing *** with different heights would be subject to different levels of household air pollution exposure during *** high vertical variability challenges the current indoor standard that presumes a uniform pollution level within the breathing zone and thus has important implications for public health and policy making.

关键词： Indoor air pollution Chinese cooking Vertical distribution Particulate matter

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Influence of fuel moisture, charge size, feeding rate and air ventilation conditions on the emissions of PM, OC, EC, parent PAHs, and their derivatives from residential wood combustion

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第9期25卷 1808-1816页

作者： guofeng shen Miao Xue Siye Wei Yuanchen Chen Qiuyue Zhao Bing Li Haisuo Wu Shu Tao Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Sciences Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University

Controlled combustion experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of fuel charge size, moisture, air ventilation and feeding rate on the emission factors （EFs） of carbonaceous particulate matter, parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （pPAHs） and their derivatives from residential wood combustion in a typical brick cooking stove. Measured EFs were found to be independent of fuel charge size, but increased with increasing fuel moisture. Pollution emissions from the normal burning under an adequate air supply condition were the lowest for most pollutants, while more pollutants were emitted when an oxygen deficient atmosphere was formed in the stove chamber during fast burning. The impacts of these factors on the size distribution of emitted particles was also studied. Modified combustion efficiency and the four investigated factors explained 68%, 72%, and 64% of total variations in EFs of PM, organic carbon, and oxygenated PAHs, respectively, but only 36%, 38% and 42% of the total variations in EFs of elemental carbon, pPAHs and nitro-PAHs, respectively.

关键词： residential wood combustion influencing factor carbonaceous particulate matter polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emission factor

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Threat of air pollution in the cleanest plateau

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The Innovation 2023年第2期4卷 9-10页

作者： Tianyao Huang Meng Liu Ran Xing Yatai Men guofeng shen College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP),known as“the Third Pole”and“the Roof of the World,”is a region with unique geographical conditions and contains many areas exceeding 4,000 m.A major section of the plateau is in the Qinghai prov-ince and Tibet Autonomous Region,*** the temperature in the QTP region has been increasing at a rate slightly higher than the global average since 1979,the temperature in this region is considerably lower than those in the surrounding areas,and many parts of the QTP have annual average tem-peratures below 0℃.

关键词： plateau pollution exceeding

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