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Recent Advances in Mechanistic Understanding of Metal-Free Carbon Thermocatalysis and Electrocatalysis with Model Molecules

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第7期16卷 74-97页

作者： Wei guo linhui Yu ling Tang Yan Wan Yangming lin CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002People’s Republic of China Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth MaterialsHaixi InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002People’s Republic of China Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021People’s Republic of China

Metal-free carbon,as the most representative heterogeneous metal-free catalysts,have received considerable interests in electro-and thermo-catalytic reac-tions due to their impressive performance and sustainability.Over the past decade,well-designed carbon catalysts with tunable structures and heteroatom groups coupled with various characterization techniques have proposed numerous reaction mechanisms.However,active sites,key intermediate species,precise structure-activity relationships and dynamic evolution processes of carbon catalysts are still rife with controversies due to the monotony and limitation of used experimental methods.In this Review,we sum-marize the extensive efforts on model catalysts since the 2000s,particularly in the past decade,to overcome the influences of material and structure limitations in metal-free carbon catalysis.Using both nanomolecule model and bulk model,the real contribution of each alien species,defect and edge configuration to a series of fundamentally important reactions,such as thermocatalytic reactions,electrocatalytic reactions,were systematically studied.Combined with in situ techniques,isotope labeling and size control,the detailed reaction mechanisms,the precise 2D structure-activity relationships and the rate-determining steps were revealed at a molecular level.Furthermore,the outlook of model carbon catalysis has also been proposed in this work.

关键词： Metal-free carbon catalysts Model catalyst Electrocatalysis Active site Reaction mechanisms

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Meibomian glands segmentation in infrared images with limited annotation

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第3期17卷 401-407页

作者： Jia-Wen lin ling-Jie lin Feng Lu Tai-Chen Lai Jing Zou lin-ling guo Zhi-Ming lin Li Li College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Networking Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350108Fujian ProvinceChina Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University Fuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Fujian Provincial Hospital South BranchFujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

●AIM:To investigate a pioneering framework for the segmentation of meibomian glands(MGs),using limited annotations to reduce the workload on ophthalmologists and enhance the efficiency of clinical diagnosis.●METHODS:Totally 203 infrared meibomian images from 138 patients with dry eye disease,accompanied by corresponding annotations,were gathered for the study.A rectified scribble-supervised gland segmentation(RSSGS)model,incorporating temporal ensemble prediction,uncertainty estimation,and a transformation equivariance constraint,was introduced to address constraints imposed by limited supervision information inherent in scribble annotations.The viability and efficacy of the proposed model were assessed based on accuracy,intersection over union(IoU),and dice coefficient.●RESULTS:Using manual labels as the gold standard,RSSGS demonstrated outcomes with an accuracy of 93.54%,a dice coefficient of 78.02%,and an IoU of 64.18%.Notably,these performance metrics exceed the current weakly supervised state-of-the-art methods by 0.76%,2.06%,and 2.69%,respectively.Furthermore,despite achieving a substantial 80%reduction in annotation costs,it only lags behind fully annotated methods by 0.72%,1.51%,and 2.04%.●CONCLUSION:An innovative automatic segmentation model is developed for MGs in infrared eyelid images,using scribble annotation for training.This model maintains an exceptionally high level of segmentation accuracy while substantially reducing training costs.It holds substantial utility for calculating clinical parameters,thereby greatly enhancing the diagnostic efficiency of ophthalmologists in evaluating meibomian gland dysfunction.

关键词： infrared meibomian glands images meibomian gland dysfunction meibomian glands segmentation weak supervision scribbled annotation

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Prognostic significance and relationship of SMAD3 phosphoisoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer:A clinicopathological study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第1期16卷 118-132页

作者： Shi-lin Lv Pei guo Jun-Rong Zou Ren-Sheng Chen ling-Yu Luo De-Qiang Huang Hospital of Gastroenterology Institute of Digestive DiseasesThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518000Guangdong ProvinceChina Institute of Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical UniversityGanzhou 341000Jiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Pathology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The TGF-β/SMAD3 and VEGFR-1 signaling pathways play important roles in gastric cancer metastasis.SMAD3 phosphorylation is a crucial prognostic marker in gastric cancer.AIM To determine the prognostic value and relationship of SMAD3 phospho-isoforms and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer.METHODS This was a single-center observational study which enrolled 98 gastric cancer patients and 82 adjacent normal gastric tissues from patients aged 32-84 years(median age 65)between July 2006 and April 2007.Patients were followed up until death or the study ended(median follow-up duration of 28.5 mo).The samples were used to generate tissue microarrays(TMAs)for immunohistochemical(IHC)staining.The expressions of TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 in gastric cancer(GC)tumor tissue and normal tissue were measured by IHC staining using TMAs obtained from 98 GC patients.Prognosis and survival information of the patients was recorded by Outdo Biotech from May 2007 to July 2015.The relationship between TGF-β1,pSMAD3C(S423/425),pSMAD3L(S204),and VEGFR-1 protein expression levels was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.The relationship between protein expression levels and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the Chi-squared test.A survival curve was generated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.RESULTS TGFβ-1 and VEGFR-1 expression was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer tissue compared to adjacent noncancerous tissue.The positive expression of phosphorylated isoforms of Smad3 varied depending on the phosphorylation site[pSMAD3C(S423/425):51.0%and pSMAD3L(S204):31.6%].High expression of pSMAD-3L(S204)was significantly correlated with larger tumors(P=0.038)and later N stages(P=0.035).Additionally,high expression of VEGFR-1 was closely correlated with tumor size(P=0.015)and pathological grading(P=0.013).High expression of both pSMAD3L(S204)and VEGFR-1 was associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of overall survival(OS).Multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of

关键词： Gastric cancer pSMAD3L(S204) pSMAD3C(S423/425) Survival Transforming growth factor-β1 VEGFR-1

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Constructing S-scheme charge separation in cobalt phthalocyanine/oxygen-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) heterojunction with enhanced photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution

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Rare Metals 2024年第1期43卷 198-211页

作者： Wei-Long Shi Zheng Xu Yu-Xing Shi ling-ling Li Jia-lin Lu Xin-Hai Sun Xin Du Feng guo Chang-Yu Lu School of Material Science and Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China School of Energy and Power Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003JiangsuChina College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China School of Water Resource and Environment Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water RecourseHebei Center for Ecological and Environmental Geology ResearchHebei Geo UniversityShijiazhuang 050031China

Hydrogen acquisition from solar energy is an effective way to address energy crisis,which makes the development of efficient photocatalysts become the main direction of scientific research.Herein,cobalt phthalocyanine/oxygen-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(CoPc/OCN) S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was designed by coupling multi-step calcination with solvothermal method for enhanced photothermal-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution.The multistep calcined g-C_(3)N_(4) is easier for O-doping formation,and the ethanol solvothermal strategy is utilized to enhance the dispersion of CoPc on OCN nano sheet surface and forms sufficient S-scheme heterojunction through H-bonds.In addition,the active sites and excellent photothermal properties of CoPc itself further improve the integrated photocatalytic activity of CoPc/OCN S-scheme heterojunction.The optimal photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of CoPc/OCN S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst reached 9.56 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),which is 2.69 and 1.23 times higher than that of CN and OCN,respectively.This work provides a valuable design idea and scheme for enhancing the multi-factor co-assisted photocatalytic H_(2) evolution performance.

关键词： Photothermal Photocatalytic H_(2)evolution Cobalt phthalocyanine Oxygen-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) Sscheme heterojunction

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Success rate of current human-derived gastric cancer organoids establishment and influencing factors:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1626-1646页

作者： Kai-lin Jiang Xiang-Xiang Wang Xue-Jiao Liu Li-Kun guo Yong-Qi Chen Qing-ling Jia Ke-Ming Yang Jiang-Hong ling Department of Gastroenterology Shuguang HospitalShanghai 200021China Department of Pathology Shuguang HospitalShanghai 200021China

BACKGROUND Human-derived gastric cancer organoids(GCOs)are widely used in gastric cancer research;however,the culture success rate is generally low.AIM To explore the potential influencing factors,and the literature on successful culture rates of GCOs was reviewed using meta-analysis.METHODS PubMed,Web of Science,and EMBASE were searched for studies.Two trained researchers selected the studies and extracted data.STATA 17.0 software was used for meta-analysis of the incidence of each outcome event.The adjusted Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies.Funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to detect publication bias.Subgroup analyses were conducted for sex,tissue source,histo-logical classification,and the pathological tumor-node-metastasis(pTNM)cancer staging system.RESULTS Eight studies with a pooled success rate of 66.6%were included.GCOs derived from women and men had success rates of 67%and 46.7%,respectively.GCOs from surgery or biopsy/endoscopic submucosal dissection showed success rates of 70.9%and 53.7%,respectively.GCOs of poorly-differentiated,moderately-differentiated and signet-ring cell cancer showed success rates of 64.6%,31%,and 32.7%,respectively.GCOs with pTNM stages I-II and III-IV showed success rates of 38.3%and 65.2%,respectively.Y-27632 and non-Y-27632 use showed success rates of 58.2%and 70%,respectively.GCOs generated with collagenase were more successful than those constructed with Liberase TH and TrypLE(72.1%vs 71%,respectively).EDTA digestion showed a 50%lower success rate than other methods(P=0.04).CONCLUSION GCO establishment rate is low and varies by sex,tissue source,histological type,and pTNM stage.Omitting Y-27632,and using Liberase TH,TrypLE,or collagenase yields greater success than EDTA.

关键词： Gastric cancer organoids Human-derived organoids Gastric cancer Cell lines In vitro research models

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Bioinspired design of integral molded Janus silk fibroin-MXene evaporator for efficient solar vapor generation

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2824-2835页

作者： ling-Qing Kong Zhi-Cheng Zeng Guang-Zong Min Zhao-Hui Meng guo-Qing Meng Xiao-Xiao guo Nai-Bo lin Xiang-Yang Liu The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of XiamenDepartment of BiomaterialsCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China The State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science(MEL) College of Ocean and Earth SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Solar vapor generation is a promising sustainable technology that uses solar distillation to produce fresh water from seawater and wastewater,helping relieve global water resource shortage.Here,inspired by naturally grown integrally molded mulberry leaves with a Janus hydrophilic and hydrophobic structure,a novel,simple,and efficient integrated molding method is proposed to break through the limitations of the traditional split manufacturing strategy and realizes the integrated formation of Janus evaporator.Based on the spontaneous sedimentation characteristics of MXene in silk fibroin solution and its regulation of mesoscopic structure and hydrophilicity of silk fibroin,layered structures with different compositions and hydrophilicities were obtained in one step.Meanwhile,ethanol and glutaraldehyde were added to construct a physical crystallization-chemical crosslinking dual stabilization structure in silk fibroin.Our evaporator has the evaporation rate of 3.07 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1) and the efficiency of 86.8%under 1 sun and maintains high evaporation performance under various extreme test conditions including vigorous washing,repeated compression,and high-intensity ultraviolet(UV)irradiation.Additionally,the evaporator performs well in practical application scenarios,its evaporation rate in the simulated Dead Sea seawater exceeds 2.13 kg·m^(-2)·h^(-1),and more than 99.9%of the salt,heavy metal ions,oil pollution,and dyes are purified.

关键词： silk fibroin MXene bioinspired integrated molding Janus structure solar vapor generation

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Epileptic brain network mechanisms and neuroimaging techniques for the brain network

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2637-2648页

作者： Yi guo Zhonghua lin Zhen Fan Xin Tian Department of Neurology Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Geriatrics Sichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Chongqing Key Laboratory of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Epilepsy can be defined as a dysfunction of the brain network,and each type of epilepsy involves different brain-network changes that are implicated diffe rently in the control and propagation of interictal or ictal discharges.Gaining more detailed information on brain network alterations can help us to further understand the mechanisms of epilepsy and pave the way for brain network-based precise therapeutic approaches in clinical practice.An increasing number of advanced neuroimaging techniques and electrophysiological techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging-based fiber tra ctography,diffusion kurtosis imaging-based fiber tractography,fiber ball imagingbased tra ctography,electroencephalography,functional magnetic resonance imaging,magnetoencephalography,positron emission tomography,molecular imaging,and functional ultrasound imaging have been extensively used to delineate epileptic networks.In this review,we summarize the relevant neuroimaging and neuroelectrophysiological techniques for assessing structural and functional brain networks in patients with epilepsy,and extensively analyze the imaging mechanisms,advantages,limitations,and clinical application ranges of each technique.A greater focus on emerging advanced technologies,new data analysis software,a combination of multiple techniques,and the construction of personalized virtual epilepsy models can provide a theoretical basis to better understand the brain network mechanisms of epilepsy and make surgical decisions.

关键词： electrophysiological techniques epilepsy functional brain network functional magnetic resonance imaging functional near-infrared spectroscopy machine leaning molecular imaging neuroimaging techniques structural brain network virtual epileptic models

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Recent Advances in Pd-Catalyzed Reactions Involving the “On-Water” Mechanism

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第5期42卷 533-542页

作者： Dong Wei guo-Qiang lin State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer Shanghai Cancer InstituteShanghai Key Laboratory of Systems Regulation and Clinical Translation for CancerRen Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200127 China State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200032 China

As the chemical industry grapples with the need for more eco-friendly practices,the use of water as a reaction medium is gaining attraction in organic transformations.This mini-review delves into Pd-catalyzed reactions that utilize the "on-water" mechanism,spanning from 2019 to late 2023.These reactions are neatly categorized into several types: (A) Catalytic C—H activations,(B) Mizoroki- Heck-type reactions,(C) Suzuki-Miyaura reactions,and (D) Cyclization reactions.By showcasing the potential of water as a sustainable reaction medium for organic transformations,these reactions leave no doubt about the importance of embracing eco-friendly practices in the chemical industry.Key Scientists In 1980,a seminal work by Breslow et al.showed an acceleration of reaction rate in the Diels-Alder reaction.Sharpless and co-workers noted a significant increase in the rate of the [2σ+2σ+2π] cycloaddition of quadricyclane and dimethyl azodicarboxylate (DMAD) when the reaction was conducted in water,as opposed to when it was carried out in organic solvents.The term "on-water" was then coined to describe this phenomenon.This strategy was further expanded to transition-metal catalyzed transformations by Ackermann in 2011.Later,Varma and Leazer disclosed a Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck type arylation of alkenes with diaryliodonium salts “on-water”.The enantioselective version of "on-water" process was not realized until 2014 by the Zhou group.Later on,the Schaub group described a Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of electron-poor aryl chlorides with water,using only 50 ppm of catalyst loading.Very recently,Liu and lin extended the "on-water" strategy to Pd-catalyzed double Mizoroki-Heck reactions.This mini-review has focused on Pd-catalyzed reactions involving the “on-water” mechanism.

关键词： Pd-catalyzed “On-water” Green chemistry Aqueous reactions Mechanism Methodology and reactions Mizoroki-Heck reaction Cross-coupling

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Mechanism study of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption from acidic wastewater by ultrasonic-modified municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 157-165页

作者： Shunda lin Yang Lu lin Zheng ling Long Xuguang Jiang Jianhua Yan State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Center Hangzhou 310027China Hangzhou Xiaoshan Jinjiang Green Energy Co. Ltd.XiaoshanHangzhou 310000China

High concentrations of copper ions(Cu(Ⅱ)) in water will pose health risks to humans and the ecological environment. Therefore, this study aims to utilize ultrasonic-cured modified municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption to achieve the purpose of “treating waste by waste.” The effects of p H, adsorption time, initial concentration, and temperature on the modified MSWI fly ash’s adsorption efficiency were systematically studied in this article. The adsorption performance of the modified MSWI fly ash can be enhanced by the ultrasonic modification. At pH = 2, 3 and 4, the adsorption capacity of the modified MSWI fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) increased by 2.7, 1.9 and 1.2 times, respectively. Furthermore, it was suggested that the adsorption process of the modified MSWI fly ash can be better simulated by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, with a maximum adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model of 24.196 mg.g-1. Additionally, the adsorption process is spontaneous,endothermic, and chemisorption-dominated from the thermodynamic studies(ΔH and ΔS > 0, ΔG < 0).Finally, the enhanced adsorption performance of the modified MSWI fly ash for Cu(Ⅱ) may be attributed to electrostatic interaction and chelation effects.

关键词： Ultrasound MSWI fly ash Cu(Ⅱ) Wastewater Adsorption

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Impact of Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff expression on the prognosis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第3期16卷 687-698页

作者： Juan lin Zhu-Feng Chen guo-Dong guo Xin Chen Shengli Clinical Medical College Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Pathology Fujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Internal Medicine Fujian Provincial HospitalFuzhou 350001Fujian ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The Alcian blue(AB)and periodic acid Schiff(PAS)stains are representative mucus markers in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC).They are low-cost special staining methods used to detect acidic mucus and neutral mucus,respectively.However,the clinical importance of the special combined AB and PAS stain is unclear.AIM To investigate AB expression,PAS expression and the AB-to-PAS(A/P)ratio in gastric SRCC patients and to assess patient prognosis.METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections from 83 patients with gastric SRCC were stained with AB and PAS,and signet ring cell positivity was assessed quantitatively.Immuno-histochemical staining for Ki67,protein 53(P53)and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)was performed simultaneously.The cancer-specific survival(CSS)rate was estimated via Kaplan-Meier analysis.Cox proportional hazards models were used for univariate and multivariate survival analyses.RESULTS Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the 3-year CSS rate was significantly greater in the high-PAS-expression subgroup than in the low-PAS-expression subgroup(P0.5 group(P=0.042).Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the factors affecting prognosis included tumor diameter,lymph node metastasis,vessel carcinoma embolus,tumor stage,the A/P ratio and the expression of Ki67,P53 and the PAS.Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that low PAS expression[hazard ratio(HR)=3.809,95%confidence interval(CI):1.563-9.283,P=0.003]and large tumor diameter(HR=2.761,95%CI:1.086-7.020,P=0.033)were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.CONCLUSION A/P>0.5 is potentially a risk factor for prognosis,and low PAS expression is an independent risk factor in the prognosis of gastric SRCC.PAS expression and the A/P ratio could help in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with SRCC.

关键词： Alcian blue Periodic acid-Schiff Prognosis Gastric Signet ring cell carcinoma

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