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Multi-objective optimization and evaluation of supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle for nuclear power generation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 183-209页

作者： guo-Peng yu Yong-Feng cheng Na Zhang Ping-Jian Ming Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Civil Engineering and Architecture East China Jiaotong UniversityNanchang 330013China

The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayton cycle layouts are developed in this study for different reactors to reduce the cost and increase the thermohydraulic performance of nuclear power generation to promote the commercialization of nuclear energy.Parametric analysis,multi-objective optimizations,and four decision-making methods are applied to obtain each Brayton scheme’s optimal thermohydraulic and economic indexes.Results show that for the same design thermal power scale of reactors,the higher the core’s exit temperature,the better the Brayton cycle’s thermo-economic performance.Among the four-cycle layouts,the recompression cycle(RC)has the best overall performance,followed by the simple recuperation cycle(SR)and the intercooling cycle(IC),and the worst is the reheating cycle(RH).However,RH has the lowest total cost of investment(C_(tot))of$1619.85 million,and IC has the lowest levelized cost of energy(LCOE)of 0.012$/(kWh).The nuclear Brayton cycle system’s overall performance has been improved due to optimization.The performance of the molten salt reactor combined with the intercooling cycle(MSR-IC)scheme has the greatest improvement,with the net output power(W_(net)),thermal efficiencyη_(t),and exergy efficiency(η_(e))improved by 8.58%,8.58%,and 11.21%,respectively.The performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor combined with the simple recuperation cycle scheme was optimized to increase C_(tot) by 27.78%.In comparison,the internal rate of return(IRR)increased by only 7.8%,which is not friendly to investors with limited funds.For the nuclear Brayton cycle,the molten salt reactor combined with the recompression cycle scheme should receive priority,and the gas-cooled fast reactor combined with the reheating cycle scheme should be considered carefully.

关键词： Supercritical CO_(2)Brayton cycle Nuclear power generation Thermo-economic analysis Multi-objective optimization Decision-making methods

Conceptual design of a 714-MHz RFQ for compact proton injectors and development of a new tuning algorithm on its aluminium prototype

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 45-58页

作者： Yi-Xing Lu Wen-cheng Fang yu-Sen guo Zhen-Tang Zhao Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201204China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cryogenics&Superconducting RF Technology Shanghai 201800China ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210China

Radio frequency quadrupoles(RFQs),which are crucial components of proton injectors,significantly affect the performance of proton accelerator facilities.An RFQ with a high frequency of 714 MHz dedicated to compact proton injectors for medi-cal applications is designed in this study.The RFQ is designed to accelerate proton beams from 50 keV to 4 MeV within a short length of 2 m and can be matched closely with the downstream drift tube linac to capture more particles through a preliminary optimization.To develop an advanced RFQ,challenging techniques,including fabrication and tuning method,must be evaluated and verified using a prototype.An aluminium prototype is derived from the conceptual design of the RFQ and then redesigned to confirm the radio frequency performance,fabrication procedure,and feasibility of the tuning algorithm.Eventually,a new tuning algorithm based on the response matrix and least-squares method is developed,which yields favorable results based on the prototype,i.e.,the errors of the dipole and quadrupole components reduced to a low level after several tuning iterations.Benefiting from the conceptual design and techniques obtained from the prototype,the formal mechanical design of the 2-m RFQ is ready for the next manufacturing step.

关键词： Compact proton injector RFQ IH-DTL High gradient Tuning

Unique electromagnetic wave absorber for three-dimensional framework engineering with copious heterostructures

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第3期170卷 129-139页

作者： Liyuan yu Qianqian Zhu Zhiqiang guo yuhang cheng Zirui Jia Guanglei Wu Institute of Materials for Energy and Environment State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textilesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China

In order to obtain high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbers,the adjustment of structure and components is essential.Based on the above requirements,this system forms a three-dimensional frame structure consisting of MXene and transition metal oxides(TMOs)through efficient electrostatic self-assembly.This three-dimensional network structure has rich heterojunction structures,which can cause a large amount of interface polarization and conduction losses in incident electromagnetic waves.Hollow structures cause multiple reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves,which is also an important reason for further increasing electromagnetic wave losses.When the doping ratio is 1:1,the system has the best impedance matching,the maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB max)can reach 5.12 GHz at 1.7 mm,and the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))is-50.30 dB at 1.8 mm.This provides a reference for the subsequent formation of 2D-MXene materials into 3D materials.

关键词： MXene Three-dimensional frame Heterojunction structure Conduction loss Electromagnetic wave absorption

Males armed with big weapons win fights at limited cost in ant-mimickingjumping spiders

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 98-108页

作者： guocheng yu Boon Hui Wong Christina J.Painting Hongze Li Long yu Zengtao Zhang Shichang Zhang Daiqin Li State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering and Centre for Behavioral Ecology and Evolution School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China Departmentof Biological Sciences National University of Singapore14 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Te Aka Matuatua School of Science University of WaikatoPrivate Bag 3105Hamilton 3240New Zealand

A core assumption of sexual selection theory is that sexually selected weapons,specialized morphological structures used directly in male con-tests,can improve an individual's reproductive success but only if the bearer can overcome associated costs,the negative effects on the bear-er's fitness components.However,recent studies have shown that producing and wielding exaggerated weapons may not necessarily be costly.Rather,some traits can be selected for supporting,or compensating for,the expense of producing and wielding such exaggerated weapons.n the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmarachne gisti,exaggerated chelicerae are borne only by adult males and not females,showing sexual dimorphism and steep positive allometry with body size.Here,we determine the potential benefits of bearing exaggerated chelicerae during male contests and explore the potential for costs in terms of prey-capture efficiency and compensation between chelicera size and neighboring trait size.While males with longer chelicerae won most of their male-male contests,we found no significant differences in prey-capture effi-ciency between males and females regardless of whether prey was winged or flightless.Males'elongated chelicerae thus do not impede their efficiency at capturing prey.Furthermore,we found that the sizes of all neighboring traits are positively correlated with chelicera size,suggesting that these traits may be under correlational selection.Taken together,our findings suggest that M.gisti males armed with the exaggerated chelicerae that function as weapons win more fights at limited cost for performance in prey capture and compensate for neighboring structures.

关键词： allometry ant-mimic costs elongated chelicerae threat devices trait compensations

Strategies that regulate LSD1 for novel therapeutics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1494-1507页

作者： Meng Li Mengge Dai Bing cheng Shaotong Li Enhui guo Junwei Fu Ting Ma Bin yu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences&Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies Ministry of EducationZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Institute of Advanced Biomedical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Pingyuan Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Antiviral DrugsHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Histone methylation plays crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcrip-tion in epigenetic modifications.Lysine-specific demethylase 1(LSD1),the first identified histone de-methylase,is universally overexpressed in various diseases.LSD1 dysregulation is closely associated with cancer,viral infections,and neurodegenerative diseases,etc.,making it a promising therapeutic target.Several LSD1 inhibitors and two small-molecule degraders(UM171 and BEA-17)have entered the clinical stage.LSD1 can remove methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 or lysine 9(H3K4 or H3K9),resulting in either transcription repression or activation.While the roles of LSD1 in transcrip-tional regulation are well-established,studies have revealed that LSDl can also be dynamically regulated by other factors.For example,the expression or activity of LSD1 can be regulated by many proteins that form transcriptional corepressor complexes with LSD1.Moreover,some post-transcriptional modifica-tions and cellular metabolites can also regulate LSD1 expression or its demethylase activity.Therefore,in this review,we will systematically summarize how proteins involved in the transcriptional corepressor complex,various post-translational modifications,and metabolites act as regulatory factors for LSD1 ac-tivity.

关键词： LSD1 regulation Transcription repression Transcription activation the Corepressor complex Post-transcriptional modifications Metabolites

Integration of morphology and electronic structure modulation on cobalt phosphide nanosheets to boost photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from ammonia borane hydrolysis

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第2期9卷 333-343页

作者： Chao Wan yu Liang Liu Zhou Jindou Huang Jiapei Wang Fengqiu Chen Xiaoli Zhan Dang-guo cheng School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion and High Valued UtilizationAnhui University of TechnologyMa'anshan243002China College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology38 Zheda RoadHangzhou310027China Key Laboratory of New Energy and Rare Earth Resource Utilization of State Ethnic Affairs Commission Key Laboratory of Photosensitive Materials&Devices of Liaoning ProvinceSchool of Physics and Materials EngineeringDalian Nationalities University 18 Liaohe West RoadDalian116600China Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou 78 Jiuhua Boulevard NorthQuzhou324000China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology Changzhou University213164China

The controllable and safe hydrogen storage technologies are widely recognized as the main bottleneck for the accomplishment of sustainable hydrogen energy.Ammonia borane(AB)has regarded as a competitive candidate for chemical hydrogen storage.However,developing efficient yet high-performance catalysts towards hydrogen evolution from AB hydrolysis remains an enormous challenge.Herein,cobalt phosphide nanosheets are synthesized by a facile salt-assisted along with low-temperature phosphidation strategy for simultaneously modulating its morphology and electronic structure,and function as hydrogen evolution photocatalysts.Impressively,the Co_(2)P nanosheets display extraordinary performance with a record high turnover frequency of 44.9 min^(-1),outperforming most of the noble-metal-free catalysts reported to date.This remarkable performance is attributed to its desired nanosheets structure,featuring with high specific surface area,abundant exposed active sites,and short charge diffusion paths.Our findings provide a novel strategy for regulating metal phosphides with desired phase structure and morphology for energy-related applications and beyond.

关键词： Ammonia borane Hydrogen generation Hydrolysis Cobalt phosphide nanosheets Photocatalysis

Quantum Spin Exchange Interactions to Accelerate the Redox Kinetics in Li–S Batteries

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 370-383页

作者： yu Du Weijie Chen yu Wang yue yu Kai guo Gan Qu Jianan Zhang Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Catalytic and Functional Materials Preparation of Zhengzhou City College of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001People’s Republic of China

Spin-engineering with electrocatalysts have been exploited to suppress the“shuttle effect”in Li–S batteries.Spin selec-tion,spin-dependent electron mobility and spin potentials in activation barriers can be optimized as quantum spin exchange interactions lead-ing to a significant reduction of the electronic repulsions in the orbitals of catalysts.Herein,we anchor the MgPc molecules on fluorinated carbon nanotubes(MgPc@FCNT),which exhibits the single active Mg sites with axial displacement.According to the density functional theory calculations,the electronic spin polarization in MgPc@FCNT not only increases the adsorption energy toward LiPSs intermediates but also facilitates the tunneling process of electron in Li–S batter-ies.As a result,the MgPc@FCNT provides an initial capacity of 6.1 mAh cm^(-2) even when the high sulfur loading is 4.5 mg cm^(-2),and still maintains 5.1 mAh cm^(-2) after 100 cycles.This work provides a new perspective to extend the main group single-atom catalysts enabling high-performance Li–S batteries.

关键词： Metal phthalocyanines Spin polarization Electrocatalysis Li–S batteries

Comparative transcriptomic evidence of physiological changes and potential relationships in vertebrates under different dormancy states

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 341-354页

作者： yu-Han Niu Li-Hong Guan cheng Wang Hai-Feng Jiang guo-Gang Li Lian-Dong Yang Shun-Ping He State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei 430072China College of Life Sciences Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810016China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province Qinghai Normal UniversityXiningQinghai 810008China College of Life Sciences and Technology Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan 453003China College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China

Dormancy represents a fascinating adaptive strategy for organisms to survive in unforgiving environments.After a period of dormancy,organisms often exhibit exceptional resilience.This period is typically divided into hibernation and aestivation based on seasonal patterns.However,the mechanisms by which organisms adapt to their environments during dormancy,as well as the potential relationships between different states of dormancy,deserve further exploration.Here,we selected Perccottus glenii and Protopterus annectens as the primary subjects to study hibernation and aestivation,respectively.Based on histological and transcriptomic analysis of multiple organs,we discovered that dormancy involved a coordinated functional response across organs.Enrichment analyses revealed noteworthy disparities between the two dormant species in their responses to extreme temperatures.Notably,similarities in gene expression patterns pertaining to energy metabolism,neural activity,and biosynthesis were noted during hibernation,suggesting a potential correlation between hibernation and aestivation.To further explore the relationship between these two phenomena,we analyzed other dormancy-capable species using data from publicly available databases.This comparative analysis revealed that most orthologous genes involved in metabolism,cell proliferation,and neural function exhibited consistent expression patterns during dormancy,indicating that the observed similarity between hibernation and aestivation may be attributable to convergent evolution.In conclusion,this study enhances our comprehension of the dormancy phenomenon and offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning vertebrate dormancy.

关键词： Hibernation Aestivation Multi-organs Convergent evolution

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Interface optimization of graphene paper-Cu composite prepared by electrodeposition

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2024年第1期31卷 64-73页

作者： Jing guo Hai-jing Wang Shuang-juan Liu Peng Zhang Jing-yu Tang Wei-yang Zhang Han-jie guo Peng-cheng Wang Cai Meng School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China Advanced Technology and Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing100083China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230027AnhuiChina

A room-temperature electrodeposition method with an organic electrolyte was developed to fabricate a HNO3-pretreated graphene paper Cu(GP'-Cu)composite.To improve the interfacial bonding of GP'-Cu composite,magnetron sputtering technology was used to create a"sandwich"structural gradient GP'-Cu composite.The selection of the intermediate transition layer metal was based on two-dimensional disregistry.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and other analytical methods confirmed that the addition of an intermediate transition metal(Cr,Ni)layer reduced the gap distance and enhanced the interfacial bonding of the GP'and Cu deposited layers.The GP'-Ni-Cu composite exhibited the largest increase in tensile strength and conductivity.In addition,it had the highest thermal diffusivity and elongation at break among the GP'-Cu,GP'-Cr-Cu and GP'-Ni-Cu composites.

关键词： Graphene paper Two-dimensional disregistry Magnetron sputtering Metal composite