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small bowel bleeding:a comprehensive review

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Gastroenterology Report 2014年第4期2卷 262-275页

作者： Deepak gunjan Vishal s.arma surinder s Rana Deepak K Bhasin Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research(PGIMER)ChandigarhIndia

The small intestine is an uncommon site of gastro-intestinal(GI)bleeding;however it is the commonest cause of obscure GI *** may require multiple blood transfusions,diagnostic procedures and repeated *** is the commonest cause of obscure GI bleeding,particularly in the *** lesions and tumours are the usual causes of small intestinal bleeding in younger *** endoscopy and deep enteroscopy have improved our ability to investigate small bowel *** enteroscopy has also an added advantage of therapeutic *** tomography is helpful in identifying extra-intestinal *** cases of difficult diagnosis,surgery and intra-operative enteroscopy can help with diagnosis and *** treatment is dependent upon the aetiology of the *** overt bleed requires aggressive resuscitation and immediate localisation of the lesion for institution of appropriate *** bowel bleeding can be managed by conservative,radiological,pharmacological,endoscopic and surgical methods,depending upon indications,expertise and *** patients,especially those with multiple vascular lesions,can re-bleed even after appropriate treatment and pose difficult challenge to the treating physician.

关键词： small intestine bleed aetiology diagnostic approach management.

Resolving the Colletotrichum siamense species complex using ApMat marker

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第2期71卷 247-264页

作者： gunjan s.arma Anil Kumar Pinnaka Belle Damodara shenoy Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank CSIR-Institute of Microbial TechnologySector 39-AChandigarh 160036India Biological Oceanography Division CSIR-National Institute of OceanographyDona PaulaGoa 403004India

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato has been associated with anthracnose in diverse commercial *** is now established that *** sensu lato comprises 33 phylogenetic species and *** sensu stricto is not a common pathogen of tropical *** this study,we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of 85 Colletotrichum isolates associated with select tropical fruits and flowering plants from *** the ApMat marker analysis,the 85 isolates clustered with 7 known Colletotrichum species(***,***,***,***,***,***,Glomerella cingulata ***)and six novel *** of the novel lineages is described and illustrated in this paper as Colletotrichum communis ***.,while new-host pathogen associations for ***,***,*** and *** are reported from *** of the 85 isolates analysed in this paper,73 isolates clustered within the *** species complex,indicating that *** species complex,not *** sensu stricto,is common on tropical *** comparison with act,cal,gapdh,ITs and tub2 gene markers,we recommend the use of the ApMat marker for accurate identification of cryptic species within the *** species *** believe that the ApMat marker,in combination with one or two similar‘phylogenetically superior’gene markers,is a better candidate for specieslevel classification of fungi that were traditionally identified as‘Colletotrichum gloeosporioides’.

关键词： Apn2/MAT IGs Ascomycota Pathogenicity testing Phylogeny Tropical crops

The ApMat marker can resolve Colletotrichum species: a case study with Mangifera indica

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第4期61卷 117-138页

作者： gunjan s.arma Navinder Kumar Bevan s.Weir Kevin D.Hyde Belle Damodara shenoy Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank CSIR-Institute of Microbial TechnologySector 39-AChandigarh 160036India Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research and school of science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand CsIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa 403004India

Anthracnose disease caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex is a major problem *** this study,we investigated the phylogenetic diversity of 207 Indian Colletotrichum isolates,associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of mango,belonging to this species *** analyses were performed based on a 6-gene dataset(act,cal,chs1,gapdh,ITs and tub2),followed by ApMat *** ApMat-based phylogeny was found to be superior as it provided finer resolution in most of the species-level ***,the ApMat marker identified seven lineages within *** sensu lato,including ***-sambac,***,***,*** sensu stricto and three undesignated,potentially novel *** this study,*** sensu stricto,***,***-sambac,*** and five undesignated,potentially novel lineages were found to be associated with mango *** is a need to develop a consensus among mycologists as to which genes should be used to define and delimit a Colletotrichum species and in the mean time mycologists should voluntarily restrain from describing new species based on inadequate datasets.

关键词： Anthracnose Identification Phylogeny Polyphasic taxonomy secondary barcode systematics

Electron Acceleration by Beating of Two Intense Cross-Focused Hollow Gaussian Laser Beams in Plasma

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2018年第1期69卷 86-94页

作者： saleh T. Mahmoud Rakhi Gauniyal Nafis Ahmad Priyanka Rawat gunjan Purohit Department of Physics College of Science UAE University Laser Plasma Computational Laboratory Department of Physics DAV (PG) College

This paper presents propagation of two cross-focused intense hollow Gaussian laser beams(HGBs) in collisionless plasma and its effect on the generation of electron plasma wave(EPW) and electron acceleration process,when relativistic and ponderomotive nonlinearities are simultaneously operative. Nonlinear differential equations have been set up for beamwidth of laser beams, power of generated EPW, and energy gain by electrons using WKB and paraxial approximations. Numerical simulations have been carried out to investigate the effect of typical laser-plasma parameters on the focusing of laser beams in plasmas and further its effect on power of excited EPW and acceleration of electrons. It is observed that focusing of two laser beams in plasma increases for higher order of hollow Gaussian beams,which significantly enhanced the power of generated EPW and energy gain. The amplitude of EPW and energy gain by electrons is found to enhance with an increase in the intensity of laser beams and plasma density. This study will be useful to plasma beat wave accelerator and in other applications requiring multiple laser beams.

关键词： hollow Gaussian beams (HGBs) collisionless plasma cross-focusing electron plasma wave particle acceleration

Nasogastric tube syndrome:A Meta-summary of case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第1期12卷 119-129页

作者： Deven Juneja Prashant Nasa gunjan Chanchalani Ravi Jain Department of Critical Care Medicine Max Super Speciality HospitalNew Delhi 110017India Department of Critical Care Medicine NMC Specialty HospitalDubai 7832United Arab Emirates Department of Critical Care Medicine Karamshibhai Jethabhai Somaiya Hospital and Research CentreMumbai 400022India Department of Critical Care Medicine Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and HospitalJaipur 302022RajasthanIndia

BACKGROUND since its description in 1790 by Hunter,the nasogastric tube(NGT)is commonly used in any healthcare setting for alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms or enteral ***,the risks associated with its placement are often *** airway obstruction with a NGT is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening *** syndrome is characterized by the presence of an NGT,throat pain and vocal cord(VC)paralysis,usually *** is poten-tially life–threatening,and early diagnosis is the key to the prevention of fatal upper airway ***,fewer cases may have been reported than might have occurred,primarily due to the clinicians'*** lack of specific signs and symptoms and the inability to prove temporal relation with NGT insertion has made diagnosing the syndrome quite *** To review and collate the data from the published case reports and case series to understand the possible risk factors,early warning signs and symptoms for timely detection to prevent the manifestation of the complete syndrome with life-threatening airway *** We conducted a systematic search for this meta-summary from the database of PubMed,EMBAsE,Reference Citation Analysis(https://***/)and Google scholar,from all the past studies till August *** search terms included major MEsH terms"Nasogastric tube","Intubation,Gastrointestinal","Vocal Cord Paralysis",and“syndrome”.All the case reports and case series were evaluated,and the data were extracted for patient demographics,clinical symptomatology,diagnostic and therapeutic interventions,clinical course and outcomes.A datasheet for evaluation was further *** Twenty-seven cases,from five case series and 13 case reports,of NGT syndrome were retrieved from our *** was male predominance(17,62.96%),and age at presentation ranged from 28 to 86 *** patients had diabetes mellitus(37.04%),and nine were hyperte

关键词： Nasogastric tube Nasogastric tube syndrome Ryle’s tube sofferman syndrome Vocal cord paralysis

Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals-Insights on toxicological implications,root causes and risk assessment:A systematic review

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第5期14卷 639-652页

作者： Hemanth P.R.Vikram Tegginamath Pramod Kumar gunjan Kumar Narasimha M.Beeraka Rajashree Deka sheik Mohammed suhail sandeep Jat Namitha Bannimath Gayatiri Padmanabhan Ravandur s.Chandan Pramod Kumar Bannimath Gurupadayya Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Xenone Healthcare Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi110076India Department of Pharmaceutics JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Department of Human Anatomy I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University(Sechenov University)Moscow119991Russian Federation Department of Pharmacology Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(RIPER)Ananthapuramu515721India Herman B.Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of ZoologyGauhati UniversityGuwahati781014India Department of Pharmacology JSS College of Pharmacy MysuruJSS Academy of Higher Education and Research(JSSAHER)Mysuru570015India Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER)-GuwahatiChangsari781101India Department of Pharmacology University of GalwayGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

The presence of N-nitroso compounds,particularly N-nitrosamines,in pharmaceutical products has raised global safety concerns due to their significant genotoxic and mutagenic *** systematic review investigates their toxicity in active pharmaceutical ingredients(APIs),drug products,and pharmaceutical excipients,along with novel analytical strategies for detection,root cause analysis,reformulation strategies,and regulatory guidelines for *** review emphasizes the molecular toxicity of N-nitroso compounds,focusing on genotoxic,mutagenic,carcinogenic,and other physiological ***,it addresses the ongoing nitrosamine crisis,the development of nitrosamine-free products,and the importance of sensitive detection methods and precise risk *** comprehensive overview will aid molecular biologists,analytical scientists,formulation scientists in research and development sector,and researchers involved in management of nitrosamine-induced toxicity and promoting safer pharmaceutical products.

关键词： Carcinogenicity Genotoxicity Mutagenicity Molecular toxicity Nitrosamine impurities Nitrosamine drug substance-related impurities

Therapeutic Potentials of Oroxylum indicum Bark Extracts

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中国天然药物 2010年第2期8卷 121-126页

作者： R.Ashok Kumar V.Rajkumar gunjan Guha Lazar Mathew school of Bio sciences and Technology VIT UniversityVellore-632014.Tamil NaduIndia

AIM:Diverse therapeutic potentials of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Oroxylum indicum(L.)***,includ- ing antioxidant property,cytotoxicity and protection against oxidative DNA damage were investigated in this ***:Total phenolics in the extracts were determined by spectrophotometric *** reducing antioxidant property(FRAP),free radical (DPPH·and ·OH)scavenging activities,as well as inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation have been *** of the extracts was investigated by XTT assay in MDA-MB-435s and Hep3B cell *** of DNA by the extracts against oxidative damage by UV-photolysis of H2O2 was ***:Total phenolic content and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in both extracts were found to be ***,both extracts exhibited considerable free radical scavenging and ferric reducing abili- *** extracts demonstrated extensive cytotoxicity in both tested cell lines,with the methanolic extract showing greater cytotoxic *** extracts exhibited moderate levels of DNA protection against oxidative *** phenolic content was noted to have significant positive correlations with free radical scavenging and reducing power,as well as lipid peroxidation inhibition(PsIONs:These results indicate that *** bark extracts possess diverse biological activities in vitro and could render itself as a prospective candidate for drug research.

关键词：激进分子净化方法减轻体重法氧化特性

Hairy Root Cultures and Plant Regeneration in <i>solidago nemoralis</i>Transformed with <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i>

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American Journal of Plant sciences 2013年第8期4卷 1675-1678页

作者： samir Kumar gunjan Joseph Lutz Ashton Bushong Dennis Trent Rogers John Littleton Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Lexington USA Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Lexington USA Naprogenix Inc. Lexington USA.

By screening a native plant extract library we identified solidago nemoralis as a novel source of agonists for alpha7 nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine with therapeutic potential. The next phase of our drug discovery strategy is to increase the yields of active compounds in the plant species by gain of function mutations in hairy root cultures [1]. Here we report a protocol for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of hairy root cultures of solidago nemoralis which will enable this. Leaf explants of this species were successfully transformed with a frequency of 30%-35% using A. rhizogenes strain R1000 harboring the binary vector pCambia 1301. Transformation was confirmed using the β-glucuronidase (GUs) histochemical assay. Transformed hairy roots showed spontaneous regeneration of adventitious shoots in media without the addition of cytokines, albeit at very low frequency. However, media supplementation with auxin (α-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA) increased shoot regeneration frequency to 35% and resulted in viable adventitious shoots. Transformation was confirmed at all phases of plant regeneration by GUs staining. Hairy root transformation of solidago altissima has been previously reported, but this is the first report of genetic transformation of s. nemoralis. The protocol will allow for a large population of activation tagged mutants of s. nemoralis to be generated which will be then screened for the presence of stable mutants which are over-producing metabolites with activity at alpha7 nicotinic receptors. These over-producing mutant cultures will then be regenerated into intact mutant plants.

关键词： Agrobacterium rhizogenes Hairy Root Regeneration solidago nemoralis

Corrigendum to“Nitrosamines crisis in pharmaceuticals-Insights on toxicological implications,root causes and risk assessment:A systematic review”[***.14(2024)100919]

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2024年第6期14卷 934-936页

Original statement in the section 2:*** search Our primary screening of 180 articles yielded the relevant data for this *** selection A total of 180 articles spanning from 1960 to the present day,including original research,reviews,case reports and studies reporting nitrosamine impurities above the no-observed-adverse-effect levels(NOAEL)established by regulatory agencies,were initially *** the primary screening,we considered factors such as relevance,publication date,access to the full article text,and content.

关键词： statement initially spanning