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Palaeodepositional environment,implications of Glossopteris flora,and organic matter characteristics from the Lower Permian,Karo Open Cast Mine,East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Basin,India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 528-546页

作者： Sankar Suresh Kumar Pillai Rose Ann Sebastian Runcie Paul Mathews Srikanta Murthya Anju Saxena Mrutyunjaya Sahoo Suraj Kumar Sahu Gulshan Kumar dhingra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Department of Geology School of Earth Science SystemsCentral University of Kerala Department of Geology Ravenshaw University Department of Botany Sri Dev Suman Uttarakhand University

The present study deals with the Early Permian floral diversity,palaeoenvironment,palaeoclimate and depositional setting using a multiproxy approach that includes morphotaxonomy,palynology,and organic geochemistry of Karo OCM （Open Cast Mine）,East Bokaro Coalfield,Damodar Gondwana Basin,*** Permian sediments of Peninsular India are widely regarded as fluvial,along with some marine *** macroplant fossil assemblage exhibits the presence of Glossopteridales,comprising Glossopteris,Gangamopteris,and Vertebraria,as well as Coniferales,which includes *** palynological assemblage encompasses the dominance of the striate bisaccate pollen Faunipollenites *** the subdominance of the non-striate bisaccate pollen Scheuringipollenites *** glossopterid *** megafloral and palynofloral assemblage confirms the biostratigraphical age to be Late Barakar palynoflora of Kungurian *** studied morphological characteristics,including small to large Glossopteris leaves exhibiting a lanceolate shape,acute apices,and acute cuneate or tapering bases,as well as entire margins with narrower lamina and narrow meshes,suggest the existence of a dense forest with the prevalence of a warm and humid climate during their *** organic geochemical characterization based on functional group and biomarker analyses reveals the diagenetic effects on organic *** symmetric(～2865-2855 cm-1) and asymmetric stretching (～2930-2910 cm-1) peaks are identifiable in coal samples,whereas they are absent in carbonaceous *** A-factor vs.C-factor plot suggests that the kerogen type is type Ⅲ,which can generate mainly gaseous *** vitrinite reflectance studies （Rrav.1.1%） show increased maturity of the samples,which is supported by the n-alkane distribution pattern and the absence of hopane *** Indian floral assemblages in contemporary of southern Gondwana continents reveal a stronger inclination/affinity with the fl

关键词： Glossopteris Palynomorph FTIR GCMS Gondwana Permian Palaeoclimate

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Smaller & Smarter: Score-Driven Network Chaining of Smaller Language Models

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 23-42页

作者： gunik. dhingra Siddansh Chawla Vijay K. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

With the continuous evolution and expanding applications of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been a noticeable surge in the size of the emerging models. It is not solely the growth in model size, primarily measured by the number of parameters, but also the subsequent escalation in computational demands, hardware and software prerequisites for training, all culminating in a substantial financial investment as well. In this paper, we present novel techniques like supervision, parallelization, and scoring functions to get better results out of chains of smaller language models, rather than relying solely on scaling up model size. Firstly, we propose an approach to quantify the performance of a Smaller Language Models (SLM) by introducing a corresponding supervisor model that incrementally corrects the encountered errors. Secondly, we propose an approach to utilize two smaller language models (in a network) performing the same task and retrieving the best relevant output from the two, ensuring peak performance for a specific task. Experimental evaluations establish the quantitative accuracy improvements on financial reasoning and arithmetic calculation tasks from utilizing techniques like supervisor models (in a network of model scenario), threshold scoring and parallel processing over a baseline study.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Smaller Language Models (SLMs) Finance Networking Supervisor Model Scoring Function

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Evaluating Privacy Leakage and Memorization Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) in Generative AI Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 421-447页

作者： Harshvardhan Aditya Siddansh Chawla gunik. dhingra Parijat Rai Saumil Sood Tanmay Singh Zeba Mohsin Wase Arshdeep Bahga Vijay K. Madisetti School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.

关键词： Large Language Models PII Leakage Privacy Memorization Overfitting Membership Inference Attack (MIA)

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A comprehensive review of greenhouse shapes and its applications

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Frontiers in Energy 2019年第3期13卷 427-438页

作者： Ravinder Kumar SAHDEV Mahesh KUMAR Ashwani Kumar dhingra Mechanical Engineering University Institute of Engineering & TechnologyMaharshi Dayanand UniversityRohtakHaryana 124001India Mechanical Engineering Guru Jambheshwar University of Sciences and TechnologyHisarHaryana 125001India

Greenhouse technology is a practical option for the production and drying of agricultural products in controlled environment. For the successful design of a greenhouse, the selection of a suitable shape and orientation is of great importance. Of various shapes of greenhouses, the even-span roof and the Quonset shape greenhouses are the most commonly used for crop cultivation and drying. The orientation of greenhouses is kept east-west for maximum utilization of solar radiations. Hybrid and modified greenhouse dryers have been proposed for drying of products. The agricultural products dried in greenhouses are found to be better in quality as compared to open sun drying because they are protected from dust, rain, insects, birds and animals. Moreover, various greenhouses shapes along with their applications have been reviewed.

关键词： greenhouse shapes drying solar energy agriculture products orientation

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Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of some novel 5-substituted imidazolone analogs

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2016年第5期27卷 707-710页

作者： Ashwani Kumar dhingra Bhawna Chopra Rameshwar Dass Sanjeev Kumar Mittal Guru Gobind Singh College of Pharmacy Yamuna Nagar 135001 Haryana India Department of Pharmacy IK Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar 144001 Punjab India Department of Industrial Chemistry Guru Nanak Khalsa College Yamuna Nagar 135001 Haryana India IEC School of Pharmacy IEC University Baddi 173205 Himachal Pardesh India

In view of potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by S-substituted imidazolones, a variety of novel imidazolone analogs 3a-I were synthesized by the condensation of different substituted oxazolones I with various aromatic amines 2. All the synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro activities against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Several analogs produced good or moderate activities particularly against the tested Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria Pseudornonas aeruginosa and, Meanwhile, compounds 3b and 3c displayed marked antifungal activity against C. albicans. In addition, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the synthesized compounds was determined using the carrageenin-induced paw oedema method in rats. Two of S-substituted imidazo/one derivatives, 3k and 3d show good anti-inflammatory activity. The structures of all the newly svnthesized compounds were elucidated using IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.

关键词： Oxazolones Imidazolones Antimicrobial activity Anti-inflammatory activity

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Development of a combined approach for improvement and optimization of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

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Frontiers in Energy 2013年第4期7卷 495-505页

作者： Sunil dhingra Gian BHUSHAN Kashyap Kumar DUBEY University Institute of Engineering and Technology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra 136119 India University Institute of Engineering and Technology Maharshi DayanandUniversity Rohtak 124001 India

This paper described the production of karanja biodiesel using response surface methodology （RSM） and genetic algorithm （GA）. The optimum combination of reaction variables were analyzed for maximizing the biodiesel yield. The yield obtained by the RSM was 65% whereas the predicted value was 70%. The mathematical regression model proposed from the RSM was coupled with the GA. By using this technique, 90% of the yield was obtained at a molar ratio of 38, a reaction time of 8 hours, a reaction temperature of 40 ℃, a catalyst concentration of 2% oil, and a mixing speed of 707 r/min. The yield produced was closer to the predicted value of 94.2093%. Hence, 25% of the improvement in the biodiesel yield was reported. Moreover the different properties of karanja biodiesel were found closer to the American Society for Testing ＆ Materials （ASTM） standard of biodiesel.

关键词： optimization of karanja biodiesel genetic algorithm (GA) response surface methodology (RSM) percentage improvement in the biodiesel yield properties of biodiesel

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Multi-objective optimization of combustion, performance and emission parameters in a jatropha biodiesel engine using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II

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Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第1期9卷 81-94页

作者： Sunil dhingra Gian Bhushan Kashyap Kumar Dubey Department of Mechanical Engineering University Institute of Engi-neering and Technology Kurukshetra University Kttnakshetra Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technolo-gy Kurukshetra Department of Biotechnology University Institute of Engineering andTechnology Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak

The present work studies and identifies the different variables that affect the output parameters involved in a single cylinder direct injection compression ignition （CI） engine using jatropha biodiesel. Response surface methodology based on Central composite design （CCD） is used to design the experiments. Mathematical models are developed for combustion parameters （Brake specific fuel consumption （BSFC） and peak cylinder pressure （Pmax））, performance parameter brake thermal efficiency （BTE） and emission parameters （CO, NOx, unburnt HC and smoke） using regression techniques. These regression equations are further utilized for simultaneous optimization of combustion （BSFC, Pmax）, performance （BTE） and emission （CO, NOx, HC, smoke） parameters. As the objective is to maximize BTE and minimize BSFC, Pmax, CO, NOx, HC, smoke, a multi- objective optimization problem is formulated. Non- dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is used in predict- ing the Pareto optimal sets of solution. Experiments are performed at suitable optimal solutions for predicting the combustion, performance and emission parameters to check the adequacy of the proposed model. The Pareto optimal sets of solution can be used as guidelines for the end users to select optimal combination of engine outputand emission parameters depending upon their own requirements.

关键词： jatropha biodiesel fuel properties responsesurface methodology multi-objective optimization non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II

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Benzimidazole derivatives: search for GI-friendly anti-inflammatory analgesic agents

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第4期5卷 337-342页

作者： Monika Gaba Punam Gaba Deepika Uppal Neelima dhingra Malkeet Singh Bahia Om Silakari Chander Mohan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy Research Scholar Punjab Technical University University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Panjab University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research Punjabi University Rayat-Bahra Institute of Pharmacy Hoshiarpur Affiliated to Punjab Technical University

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) have been successfully used for the alleviation of pain and inflammation in the past and continue to be used daily by millions of patients worldwide. However, gastrointestinal(GI) toxicity associated with NSAIDs is an important medical and socioeconomic problem. Local generation of various reactive oxygen species plays a significant role in the formation of gastric ulceration associated with NSAIDs therapy. Co-medication of antioxidants along with NSAIDs has been found to be beneficial in the prevention of GI injury. This paper describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-1-(phenylsulfonyl)-2-methylamino-substituted-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory analgesic agents with lower GI toxicity. Studies in vitro and in vivo demonstrated that the antioxidant activity of the test compounds decreased GI toxicity.

关键词： Benzimidazole Analgesic Gastrointestinal toxicity Antioxidant activity

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Carbon nanomaterials for cardiovascular theranostics:Promises and challenges

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Bioactive Materials 2021年第8期6卷 2261-2280页

作者： Keshav Narayan Alagarsamy Sajitha Mathan Weiang Yan Alireza Rafieerad Saravanan Sekaran Hanna Manego Sanjiv dhingra Regenerative Medicine Program Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt.Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyCollege of MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada Centre for Nanotechnology&Advanced Biomaterials(CeNTAB) Department of BioengineeringSchool of Chemical and BiotechnologySASTRA UniversityThanjavur613401Tamil NaduIndia Section of Cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryMax Rady College of MedicineRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are the leading cause of death *** attack and stroke cause irreversible tissue *** currently available treatment options are limited to“damage-control”rather than tissue *** recent advances in nanomaterials have offered novel approaches to restore tissue function after *** particular,carbon nanomaterials(CNMs)have shown significant promise to bridge the gap in clinical translation of biomaterial based *** family of carbon allotropes(including graphenes,carbon nanotubes and fullerenes)have unique physiochemical properties,including exceptional mechanical strength,electrical conductivity,chemical behaviour,thermal stability and optical *** intrinsic properties make CNMs ideal materials for use in cardiovascular *** review is focused on recent efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases using graphenes and carbon *** first section introduces currently available derivatives of graphenes and carbon nanotubes and discusses some of the key characteristics of these *** second section covers their application in drug delivery,biosensors,tissue engineering and immunomodulation with a focus on cardiovascular *** final section discusses current shortcomings and limitations of CNMs in cardiovascular applications and reviews ongoing efforts to address these concerns and to bring CNMs from bench to bedside.

关键词： Carbon nanomaterials Cardiovascular disease Drug delivery Biosensors Cardiac tissue engineering Immunomodulation

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Pancreatic endometrial cyst mimics mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第6期23卷 1113-1118页

作者： Michael A Mederos Nicole Villafane Sadhna dhingra Carlos Farinas Amy Mc Elhany William E Fisher George Van Buren II Department of General Surgery Baylor College of Medicine Department of Pathology Baylor College of Medicine Department of Radiology Baylor College of Medicine

Pancreatic cysts include a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Endometrial cysts in the pancreas are exceedingly rare lesions that are difficult to diagnose pre-operatively. This report describes the findings in a 43-year-old patient with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis who presented with a large cyst in the tail of the pancreas. Imaging demonstrated a loculated pancreatic cyst, and cyst fluid aspiration revealed an elevated amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The patient experienced an interval worsening of abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and a 15-pound weight loss 3 mo after the initial episode of pancreatitis. With concern for a possible pre-malignant lesion, the patient underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, which revealed a 16cm×12cm×4cm lesion. Final histopathology was consistent with an intra-pancreatic endometrial cyst. Here we discuss the overlapping imaging and laboratory features of pancreatic endometrial cysts and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas.

关键词：胰腺的包囊胰腺的子宫内膜的包囊子宫内膜增生胰的 Mucinous 膀胱的瘤远侧的 pancreatectomy

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