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The role of Pacific water in the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007

Chinese Journal of Polar Science 2008年第2期19卷 93-107页

作者： Mike Steele rebecca woodgate Polar Science Center Applied Physics LaboratoryCollege of Ocean and Fishery SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA 98105

A model study is conducted to examine the role of Pacific water in the dramatic retreat of arctic sea ice during summer 2007. The model generally agrees with the observations in showing considerable seasonal and interannual variability of the Pacific water inflow at Bering Strait in response to changes in atmospheric circulation. During summer 2007 anomalously strong southerly winds over the PaCific sector of the arctic Ocean strengthen the ocean circulation and bring more Pacific water into the arctic than the recent （2000-2006） average. The simulated summer （3 months ） 2007 mean Pacific water inflow at Bering Strait is 1.2 Sv, which is the highest in the past three decades of the simulation and is 20% higher than the recent average. Particularly, the Pacific water inflow in September 2007 is about 0.5 Sv or 50% above the 2000-2006 average. The strengthened warm Pacific water inflow carries an additional 1.0 x 1020 Joules of heat into the arctic, enough to melt an additional 0.5 m of ice over the whole Chukchi Sea. In the model the extra summer oceanic heat brought in by the Pacific water mainly stays in the Chukchi and Beaufort region, contributing to the warming of surface waters in that region. The heat is in constant contact with the ice cover in the region in July through September. Thus the Pacific water plays a role in ice melting in the Chukchi and Beaufort region all summer long in 2007, likely contributing to up to O. 5 m per month additional ice melting in some area of that region.

关键词： Pacific water arctic sea ice.

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A Review of arctic-Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections

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Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 134-172页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Shu Shizhu Wang Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller Sergey Danilov Laura de Steur Thomas W.N.Haine Michael Karcher Craig M.Lee Paul G.Myers Igor V.Polyakov Christine Provost Øystein Skagseth gun.ar spreen.rebecca woodgate Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research(AWI) BremerhavenGermany First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøNorway Earth&Planetary Sciences The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA .8Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH HamburgGermany Applied Physics Laboratory University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada. International arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA. Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland. Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL Sorbonne Université(UPMCUniversity Paris 6)CNRSIRDMNHNParisFrance. Institute of Marine Research and Bjerknes Centre of Climate Research BergenNorway. Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremenGermany

arctic Ocean gateway fluxes play a crucial role in linking the arctic with the global ocean and affecting climate and marine *** reviewed past studies on arctic-Subarctic ocean linkages and examined their changes and driving *** review highlights that radical changes occurred in the inflows and outflows of the arctic Ocean during the ***,the Pacific inflow temperature in the Bering Strait and Atlantic inflow temperature in the Fram Strait hit record highs,while the Pacific inflow salinity in the Bering Strait and arctic outflow salinity in the Davis and Fram straits hit record *** the ocean heat convergence from lower latitudes to the arctic and the hydrological cycle connecting the arctic with Subarctic seas were stronger in 2000-2020 than in ***6 models project a continuing increase in poleward ocean heat convergence in the 21st century,mainly due to warming of inflow *** also predict an increase in freshwater input to the arctic Ocean,with the largest increase in freshwater export expected to occur in the Fram Strait due to both increased ocean volume export and decreased *** Strait sea ice volume export hit a record low in the 2010s and is projected to continue to decrease along with arctic sea ice *** quantitatively attribute the variability of the volume,heat,and freshwater transports in the arctic gateways to forcing within and outside the arctic based on dedicated numerical simulations and emphasize the importance of both origins in driving the variability.

关键词： arctic ocean Strait

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Erratum to “A Review of arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages: Past Changes, Mechanisms, and Future Projections”

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Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research 2023年第1期2卷 234-236页

作者： Qiang Wang Qi Shu Shizhu Wang Agnieszka Beszczynska-Moeller Sergey Danilov Laura de Steur Thomas W.N.Haine Michael Karcher Craig M.Lee Paul G.Myers Igor V.Polyakov Christine Provost Øystein Skagseth gun.ar spreen.rebecca woodgate Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research(AWI) BremerhavenGermany First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical ModelingMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling QingdaoPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of SciencesSopotPoland. Department of Mathematics and Logistics Jacobs UniversityBremenGermany. Norwegian Polar Institute Fram CentreTromsøNorway. Earth&Planetary Sciences The Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA. Ocean Atmosphere Systems GmbH HamburgGermany. Applied Physics Laboratory University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA. Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada. International arctic Research Center and College of Natural Science and Mathematics University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA. Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland. Laboratoire LOCEAN-IPSL Sorbonne Université(UPMCUniversity Paris 6)CNRSIRDMNHNParisFrance. Institute of Marine Research and Bjerknes Centre of Climate Research BergenNorway. Institute of Environmental Physics University of BremenBremenGermany

In the Review article"A Review of arctic–Subarctic Ocean Linkages:Past Changes,Mechanisms,and Future Projections"[1],the x-axis in Figure 4B and y-axis in Figure 8F were skewed during picture beautification by an ***... 详细信息

关键词： arctic arctic Figure

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Tropical forest canopies and their relationships with climate and disturbance： results from a global dataset of consistent field-based measurements

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 77-90页

作者： marion pfeifer alemu gonsamo william woodgate luis cayuela andrew r.marshall alicia ledo timothy c.e.paine rob marchant andrew burt kim calders colin courtney-mustaphi aida cuni-sanchez nicolas j.deere dereje denu jose gonzalez de tanago robin hayward alvaro lau manuel j.macía pieter i.olivier petri pellikka hamidu seki deo shirima rebecca trevithick beatrice wedeux charlotte wheeler pantaleo k.t.munishi thomas martin abdul mustari philip j.platts school of natural and environmental sciences newcastle universityUpon TyneNewcastle NE1 7RUUK department of geography and planning university of torontoONCanada land and water commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisationYarralumlaACTAustralia school of mathematical and geospatial sciences rmit universityGPO Box 2476VMelbourneVIC 3001Australia department of biology geologyphysics and inorganic chemistryuniversidad rey juan carlosE-28933 MostolesMadridSpain tropical forest and peopleresearch centre university of the sunshine coastsippy DownsAustralia environment department university of yorkYorkUK flamingo land ltd. MaltonUK the institute of biological and environmental sciences environmental modelling groupuniversity of aberdeenAberdeenUK biological and environmental sciences university of stirlingStirling FK9 4L AUK york institute for tropical ecosystems environment departmentuniversity of yorkYork YO10 5NGUK department of geography university college londonGower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK earth observation climate and optical groupnational physical laboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesex TW11 0LWUK department of archaeology and ancient history uppsala universitetP.O.Box 256-751 05 UppsalaSESweden center for macroecology evolution and climateuniversity of copenhagenUniversitetsparken 152100 CopenhagenDKDenmark durrell institute of conservation and ecology(dice) school of anthropology and conservationuniversity of kentCanterbury CT2 7NRUK department of biology college of natural sciencesjimma universityJimmaEthiopia wageningen university&research laboratory of geo-information science and remote sensingDroevendaalsesteeg 36708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands center for international forestry research(cifor) Situ GedeSindang BarangBogor 16680Indonesia departamento de biología área de botánicauniversidad autónoma de madridcalle Darwin 2-28049 MadridESSpain conservation ecology research unit university of pretoriaHatfieldPretoriaSouth Af

Background： Canopy structure, defined by leaf area index （LAI）, fractional vegetation cover （FCover） and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation （fAPar）, regulates a wide range of forest functions and ecosystem services. Spatially consistent field-measurements of canopy structure are however lacking, particularly for the tropics. Methods： Here, we introduce the Global LAI database： a global dataset of field-based canopy structure measurements spanning tropical forests in four continents （Africa, Asia, Australia and the Americas）. We use these measurements to test for climate dependencies within and across continents, and to test for the potential of anthropogenic disturbance and forest protection to modulate those dependences. Results： Using data collected from 887 tropical forest plots, we show that maximum water deficit, defined across the most arid months of the year, is an important predictor of canopy structure, with all three canopy attributes declining significantly with increasing water deficit. Canopy attributes also increase with minimum temperature, and with the protection of forests according to both active （within protected areas） and passive measures （through topography）. Once protection and continent effects are accounted for, other anthropogenic measures （e.g. human population） do not improve the model. Conclusions： We conclude that canopy structure in the tropics is primarily a consequence of forest adaptation to the maximum water deficits historically experienced within a given region. Climate change, and in particular changes in drought regimes may thus affect forest structure and function, but forest protection may offer some resilience against this effect.

关键词： Leaf area index Fractional vegetation cover Fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation,Human population pressure Protected areas Drought Climate change

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