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Land-Cover Classification and its Impact on Peshawar’s Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4123-4145页

作者： Shahab Ul Islam Saifullah Jan Abdul Waheed gulzar mehmood Mahdi Zareei Faisal Alanazi Department of Computer Science IQRA National UniversityPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Computer Science City University of Science&Information TechnologyPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityMansehra21120Pakistan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malakand23021Pakistan Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesZapopan45201Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityCollege of EngineeringAl Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

Spatial and temporal informationon urban infrastructure is essential and requires various land-cover/land-use planning and management ***,a change in infrastructure has a direct impact on other land-cover and climatic *** study assessed changes in the rate and spatial distribution of Peshawar district’s infrastructure and its effects on Land Surface Temperature(LST)during the years 1996 and *** this purpose,firstly,satellite images of bands7 and 8 ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper)plus and OLI(Operational Land Imager)of 30 m resolution were ***,for classification and image processing,remote sensing(RS)applications ENVI(Environment for Visualising Images)and GIS(Geographic Information System)were ***,for better visualization and more in-depth analysis of land sat images,pre-processing techniques were *** Land use and Land cover(LU/LC)four types of land cover areas were identified-vegetation area,water cover,urbanized area,and infertile land for the years under *** composition of red,green,and near infra-red bands was used for supervised *** images were extracted for analyzing the relative infrastructure change.A comparative analysis for the classification of images is performed for SVM(Support Vector Machine)and ANN(Artificial Neural Network).Based on analyzing these images,the result shows the rise in the average temperature from 30.04℃ to 45.25℃.This only possible reason is the increase in the built-up area from 78.73 to 332.78 Area km^(2) from 1996 to *** has also been witnessed that the city’s sides are hotter than the city’s center due to the barren land on the borders.

关键词： Remote sensing temperature extraction urbanization satellite image classification artificial neural network support vector machine LU/LC land surface temperature

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An Energy-Efficient Mobile Agent-Based Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5929-5948页

作者： gulzar mehmood Muhammad Zahid Khan Muhammad Fayaz Mohammad Faisal Haseeb Ur Rahman Jeonghwan Gwak Department of Computer Science&Information Technology University of MalakandChakdara Dir Lower23021Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Central AsiaNarynKyrgyzstan Department of Software Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Robotics Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of IT and Energy Convergence(BK21 FOUR) Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea

Due to the advancement in wireless technology and miniaturization,Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs)have gained enormous popularity,having various applications,especially in the healthcare *** are intrinsically resource-constrained;therefore,they have specific design and development *** such highly desirable requirement is an energy-efficient and reliable Data Aggregation(DA)mechanism for *** efficient and reliableDAmay ultimately push the network to operate without much human intervention and further extend the network *** conventional client-serverDAparadigm becomes unsuitable and inefficient for WBANs when a large amount of data is generated in the ***,in most of the healthcare applications(patient’s critical conditions),it is highly important and required to send data as soon as possible;therefore,reliable data aggregation in WBANs is of great *** tackle the shortcomings of the client-serverDAparadigm,theMobile Agent-Basedmechanismproved to be a more workable *** aMobile Agent-Based mechanism,a taskspecific mobile agent(code)traverses to the intended sources to gather *** agents travel on a predefined path called itinerary;however,planning a suitable and reliable itinerary for a mobile agent is also a challenging issue *** paper presents a new Mobile Agent-Based DA scheme for WBANs,which is energy-efficient and ***,in the proposed scheme,the network is divided into clusters,and cluster-heads are ***,a mobile agent is generated from the base station to collect the required data from cluster *** the case,if any fault occurs in the existing itinerary,an alternate itinerary is planned in real-time without compromising the network *** our simulation-based validation,we have found that the proposed system delivers significantly improved fault-tolerance and reliability with energy-efficiency and extended network lifetime in WBANs.

关键词： WBANs mobile-agent data aggregation reliability

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Recent Developments in Authentication Schemes Used in Machine-Type Communication Devices in Machine-to-Machine Communication: Issues and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 93-115页

作者： Shafi Ullah Sibghat Ullah Bazai Mohammad Imran Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Abid mehmood Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhmmad Aasim Rafique Arsalan Haider Ilyas Khan Sajid Iqbal Yonis gulzar Kauser Hameed Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingRiphah International UniversityFaisalabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication plays a fundamental role in autonomous IoT (Internet of Things)-based infrastructure, a vital part of the fourth industrial revolution. Machine-type communication devices(MTCDs) regularly share extensive data without human intervention while making all types of decisions. Thesedecisions may involve controlling sensitive ventilation systems maintaining uniform temperature, live heartbeatmonitoring, and several different alert systems. Many of these devices simultaneously share data to form anautomated system. The data shared between machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) is prone to risk dueto limited computational power, internal memory, and energy capacity. Therefore, securing the data and devicesbecomes challenging due to factors such as dynamic operational environments, remoteness, harsh conditions,and areas where human physical access is difficult. One of the crucial parts of securing MTCDs and data isauthentication, where each devicemust be verified before data transmission. SeveralM2Mauthentication schemeshave been proposed in the literature, however, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview of current M2Mauthentication techniques and the challenges associated with them. To utilize a suitable authentication schemefor specific scenarios, it is important to understand the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this article fillsthis gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art research on authentication schemes in MTCDs specifically concerningapplication categories, security provisions, and performance efficiency.

关键词： Authentication cyber security internet of things machine-type communication devices machine-to-machine communication

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Exploring Personalized Internet of Things(PIoT),social connectivity,and Artificial Social Intelligence(ASI):A survey

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High-Confidence Computing 2024年第3期4卷 136-162页

作者： Bisma gulzar Shabir Ahmad Sofi Sahil Sholla Department of Information Technology National Institute of TechnologySrinagar 190001India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Islamic University of Science and TechnologyGazipur 1700India

Pervasive Computing has become more personal with the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things(IoT)in our day-to-day *** emerging domain that encompasses devices,sensors,storage,and computing of personal use and surroundings leads to Personal IoT(PIoT).PIoT offers users high levels of personalization,automation,and *** proliferation of PIoT technology has extended into society,social engagement,and the interconnectivity of PIoT objects,resulting in the emergence of the Social Internet of Things(SIoT).The combination of PIoT and SIoT has spurred the need for autonomous learning,comprehension,and understanding of both the physical and social *** research on PIoT is dedicated to enabling seamless communication among devices,striking a balance between observation,sensing,and perceiving the extended physical and social environment,and facilitating information ***,the virtualization of independent learning from the social environment has given rise to Artificial Social Intelligence(ASI)in PIoT ***,autonomous data communication between different nodes within a social setup presents various resource management challenges that require careful *** paper provides a comprehensive review of the evolving domains of PIoT,SIoT,and ***,the paper offers insightful modeling and a case study exploring the role of PIoT in post-COVID *** study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricacies of PIoT and its various dimensions,paving the way for further advancements in this transformative field.

关键词： Personal Internet of Things(PIoT) Artificial Social Intelligence(ASI) Hyperpersonalization

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Risk factors and outcomes of peptic ulcer bleed in a Pakistani population:A single-center observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第3期15卷 1-9页

作者： Nazish Butt Muhammad Tayyab Usmani Nimrah Mehak Saba Mughal Fakhar Ali Qazi-Arisar Ghulam Mohiuddin gulzar Khan Department of Gastroenterology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical CentreKarachi 75505SindhPakistan National Institute of Liver&GI Diseases Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan School of Public Health Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer disease(PUD)remains a significant healthcare burden,contributing to morbidity and mortality *** advancements in therapies,its prevalence persists,particularly in regions with widespread nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)use and Helicobacter pylori *** To comprehensively analyse the risk factors and outcomes of PUD-related upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding in Pakistani *** This retrospective cohort study included 142 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding who underwent upper GI endoscopy from January to December *** on demographics,symptoms,length of stay,mortality,re-bleed,and Forrest classification was *** The mean age of patients was 53 years,and the majority was men(68.3%).Hematemesis(82.4%)and epigastric pain(75.4%)were the most common presenting *** patients(73.2%)were discharged within five *** mortality rates at one week and one month were 10.6%and 14.8%,***-bleed within 24 h and seven days occurred in 14.1%and 18.3%of patients,*** ulcers were Forrest class(FC)Ⅲ(72.5%).Antiplatelet use was associated with higher mortality at 7 and 30 d,while alternative medications were linked to higher 24-hour re-bleed *** use was associated with more FCⅢ***-bleed at 24 h and 7 d was strongly associated with one-week or one-month *** Antiplatelet use and rebleeding increase the risk of early mortality in PUD-related upper GI bleeding,while alternative medicines are associated with early rebleeding.

关键词： Non variceal bleed Mortality Re-bleed Forrest classification Antiplatelets Alternative medicines

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伊犁河流域近30a洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征研究

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干旱区地理 2024年第8期47卷 1314-1326页

作者：古丽扎尔·莫明杨莲梅刘艳李新国新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院新疆乌鲁木齐830000 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

基于1990-2022年伊犁河流域洪水灾情数据集,结合高程、归一化植被指数等孕灾环境因子,研究伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征,并分析洪水灾害发生规律和孕灾环境之间的联系。结果表明:(1)研究区洪水灾害可分为3种:暴雨洪水、融... 详细信息

基于1990-2022年伊犁河流域洪水灾情数据集,结合高程、归一化植被指数等孕灾环境因子,研究伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征,并分析洪水灾害发生规律和孕灾环境之间的联系。结果表明:(1)研究区洪水灾害可分为3种:暴雨洪水、融雪洪水和混合洪水(暴雨加融雪造成洪水),其中,暴雨洪水灾害最多(占80.0%)、融雪洪水灾害最少(占3.4%);洪水灾害呈流域北部多于南部、东段多于西段的空间分布,尼勒克县最多、霍尔果斯市最少。(2)近30 a来洪水灾害频次呈年际和年代际增多趋势,洪水灾害年均约11.6次·a^(-1),2010年最多(43次),2000-2011年最多(149次)。洪水灾害在夏季最多,春季次之,秋季最少,6月最多(年均3.3次·a^(-1)),10月最少(年均0.06次·a^(-1)),其中暴雨洪水灾害夏季最多,年均9.3次·a^(-1),6月最多(110次),10月最少(2次),混合洪水灾害春多夏少,3月最多(36次),7月最少(8次),年均1.9次·a^(-1),融雪洪水灾害3月最多(12次),只发生于春季,年均0.4次·a^(-1)。(3)孕灾环境敏感性等级综合分布显示,灾害发生过程中,各孕灾因子共同起作用,影响洪水灾害的空间分布和强度。尼勒克县、特克斯县、新源县、昭苏县和霍尔果斯市境内的极高敏感区域分布较多。结合洪水灾害时空分布和孕灾环境等级综合分布可知,洪水灾害多发生在极高敏感区和高敏感区分布较多的流域东段和北部区域。

关键词：伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布孕灾环境

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Thirty years of chronic current account deficit 1972—2001: The case of Pakistan

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2006年第5期13卷 559-563页

作者： Saqib gulzar 惠晓峰 School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Pakistan has been suffering from a chronic deficit in the current account for many decades. Current account deficit strengthens the foreign currency against the home currency which makes imports of good and services more expensive as compared to exports and causes devaluation of home currency. The main objective of this paper is to find out how the current account deficit is influenced by different economic factors. Our regression model’s estimated results indicate that the percentage change in the volume of imports, foreign direct investments and total consumption are positively correlated and, on the other hand, exports, workers remittance, growth in agriculture and manufacturing are negatively correlated with the current account balance of Pakistan during the observed period 1972-2001.

关键词： current account deficit devaluation foreign direct investment total consumption

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Pollination adaptations of group-by-group stamen movement in a meadow plant with temporal floral closure

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Plant Diversity 2021年第4期43卷 308-316页

作者： Aysajan Abdusalam Reyilamu Maimaitituerxun Halibinuer Hashan gulzar Abdukirim College of Life and Geographic Sciences Kashi UniversityKashiXinjiang844000China Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashi UniversityKashiXinjiang844000China

Floral sexual organ(stamen and pistil)movements are selective adaptations that have different functions in male-female reproduction and the evolution of flowering ***,the significance of stamen movements in the spatialetemporal function and separation of male and female organs has not been experimentally determined in species exhibiting floral temporal *** current study investigated the role of slow stamen(group-by-group)movement in male-female sexual function,and the effect of stamen movement on pollen removal,male-male and male-female interference,and mating patterns of Geranium pratense,a plant with temporal floral *** species uses stamen group-by-group movement and therefore anther-stigma spatialetemporal *** separation(two whorls of stamen and pistil length)was shown to be stronger than temporal *** found that stamen movements to the center of the flower increase pollen removal,and the most common pollinators visited more frequently and for longer durations during the male floral stage than during the female floral *** movements increased both self-pollen deposition rate and sexual interference in *** fruit and seed set of naturally and outcrossed pollinated flowers were more prolific than those of selfpollinated ***-by-group stamen movement,dehiscence of stamens,pistil movement,and male-female spatialetemporal functional separation of *** before floral temporal closure may prevent male-female and stamen-stamen interference and pollen discounting,and may increase pollen removal and cross-pollination.

关键词： Floral structure Male-female interference Pollen removal Self-pollen deposition

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Implied volatility estimation of bitcoin options and the stylized facts of option pricing

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 1508-1537页

作者： Noshaba Zulfiqar Saqib gulzar COMSATS University Islamabad-Wah Campus Wah CanttPakistan

The recently developed Bitcoin futures and options contracts in cryptocurrency derivatives exchanges mark the beginning of a new era in Bitcoin price risk *** need for these tools dates back to the market crash of 1987,when investors needed better ways to protect their portfolios through option *** tools provide greater flexibility to trade and hedge volatile swings in Bitcoin prices *** violation of constant volatility and the log-normality assumption of the Black–Scholes option pricing model led to the discovery of the volatility smile,smirk,or skew in options *** stylized facts;that is,the volatility smile and implied volatilities implied by the option prices,are well documented in the option literature for almost all financial *** are expected to be true for Bitcoin options as *** data sets for the study are based on short-dated Bitcoin options(14-day maturity)of two time periods traded on Deribit Bitcoin Futures and Options Exchange,a Netherlandsbased cryptocurrency derivative *** estimated results are compared with benchmark Black–Scholes implied volatility values for accuracy and efficiency *** study has two aims:(1)to provide insights into the volatility smile in Bitcoin options and(2)to estimate the implied volatility of Bitcoin options through numerical approximation techniques,specifically the Newton Raphson and Bisection *** experimental results show that Bitcoin options belong to the commodity class of assets based on the presence of a volatility forward skew in Bitcoin option ***,the Newton Raphson and Bisection methods are effective in estimating the implied volatility of Bitcoin ***,the Newton Raphson forecasting technique converges faster than does the Bisection method.

关键词： Bitcoin options Deribit Bitcoin smile Implied volatility estimation Numerical estimation

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Effects of partial slip on flow of a third grade fluid

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2006年第5期22卷 393-396页

作者： S. Asghar M. Mudassar gulzar M. Ayub Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology H-8 Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This paper is an analytical study of the rotating flow of a third grade fluid past a porous plate with partial slip effects. It serves as a flow model for the study of polymers. The analytic solution has been determin... 详细信息

关键词： Partial-slip Non-Newtonian fluid Analytic solution Homotopy analysis method

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