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Assessment of ecosystem services value in response to prevailing and future land use/cover changes in Lahore,Pakistan

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Regional Sustainability 2020年第1期1卷 37-47页

作者： Mobeen akhtar Yuanyuan Zhao Guanglei Gao Qudsia gulzar Azfar Hussain Abdus Samie Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Yanchi Research Station School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing100083China Centre for Geographic Information Systems University of the PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Institute of Agriculture&Resource Economics(IARE) University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan

Land use/cover changes(LUCCs)significantly affect ecosystem services(ESs)and their corresponding monetary *** can be evaluated to analyze the ecological and environmental changes caused by *** research aims to estimate variations in the ecosystem services value(ESV)due to LUCCs in Lahore of Pakistan,and to offer information and recommendations to policy-makers concerned with the economic improvement of metropolis *** first investigated the historical LUCCs from 1990 to 2019,and then simulated the future land use/cover in 2030 and 2050 based on the CA-Markov model under three scenarios,including business-as-usual(BAU),rapid economic growth(REG),and coordinated environmental sustainability(CES).Subsequently,we evaluated the ESV from 1990 to 2050 and evaluated the historical and potential future ESV changes induced by LUCCs during 1990–2019 and 2019–2050,*** results showed that,land use/cover exhibited an increase in built-up land and decreases in vegetation,water body,and unused land both in the past and *** net ESV decreased from 58.26 million USD in 1990 to 50.31 million USD in *** 2050,the decrease in ESV is most rapid under the REG scenario(decrease ESV of 7.13 million USD and decrease percentage of 14.18%),followed by the BAU(decrease ESV of 5.61 million USD and decrease percentage of 11.15%)and CES(decrease ESV of 5.18 million USD and decrease percentage of 10.30%)*** each ecosystem service type,the ESV of waste treatment decreased by 18.37%from 1990 to 2019,followed by soil formation and conservation(17.52%),biodiversity and maintenance(13.23%),climate regulation(11.80%),food production(11.69%),hydrological regulation(11.11%),and aesthetic value(3.07%).These outcomes indicate that continuous land use/cover planning should focus on regenerating aquatic areas and vegetation restoration.

关键词： Ecosystem services Land use/cover changes Environmental sustainability CA Markov Urban expansion Value coefficient

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Recognition of Urdu Handwritten Alphabet Using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2967-2984页

作者： gulzar Ahmed Tahir Alyas Muhammad Waseem Iqbal Muhammad Usman Ashraf Ahmed Mohammed Alghamdi Adel A.Bahaddad Khalid Ali Almarhabi Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Software Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science GC Women UniversitySialkot53310Pakistan Department of Software Engineering College of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Jeddah21493Saudi Arabia Department of Information System Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of Computing in Al-QunfudahUmm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah24381Saudi Arabia

Handwritten character recognition systems are used in every field of life nowadays,including shopping malls,banks,educational institutes,*** is the national language of Pakistan,and it is the fourth spoken language in the ***,it is still challenging to recognize Urdu handwritten characters owing to their cursive *** paper presents a Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)model to recognize Urdu handwritten alphabet recognition(UHAR)offline and online *** research contributes an Urdu handwritten dataset(aka UHDS)to empower future works in this *** offline systems,optical readers are used for extracting the alphabets,while diagonal-based extraction methods are implemented in online ***,our research tackled the issue concerning the lack of comprehensive and standard Urdu alphabet datasets to empower research activities in the area of Urdu text *** this end,we collected 1000 handwritten samples for each alphabet and a total of 38000 samples from 12 to 25 age groups to train our CNN model using online and offline ***,we carried out detailed experiments for character recognition,as detailed in the *** proposed CNN model outperformed as compared to previously published approaches.

关键词： Urdu handwritten text recognition handwritten dataset convolutional neural network artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning

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Thirty years of chronic current account deficit 1972—2001: The case of Pakistan

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2006年第5期13卷 559-563页

作者： Saqib gulzar 惠晓峰 School of Management Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 China

Pakistan has been suffering from a chronic deficit in the current account for many decades. Current account deficit strengthens the foreign currency against the home currency which makes imports of good and services more expensive as compared to exports and causes devaluation of home currency. The main objective of this paper is to find out how the current account deficit is influenced by different economic factors. Our regression model’s estimated results indicate that the percentage change in the volume of imports, foreign direct investments and total consumption are positively correlated and, on the other hand, exports, workers remittance, growth in agriculture and manufacturing are negatively correlated with the current account balance of Pakistan during the observed period 1972-2001.

关键词：国际收支经常项目逆差货币贬值外国直接投资消费巴基斯坦

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Pollination adaptations of group-by-group stamen movement in a meadow plant with temporal floral closure

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Plant Diversity 2021年第4期43卷 308-316页

作者： Aysajan Abdusalam Reyilamu Maimaitituerxun Halibinuer Hashan gulzar Abdukirim College of Life and Geographic Sciences Kashi UniversityKashiXinjiang844000China Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecology of Pamirs Plateau in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Kashi UniversityKashiXinjiang844000China

Floral sexual organ(stamen and pistil)movements are selective adaptations that have different functions in male-female reproduction and the evolution of flowering ***,the significance of stamen movements in the spatialetemporal function and separation of male and female organs has not been experimentally determined in species exhibiting floral temporal *** current study investigated the role of slow stamen(group-by-group)movement in male-female sexual function,and the effect of stamen movement on pollen removal,male-male and male-female interference,and mating patterns of Geranium pratense,a plant with temporal floral *** species uses stamen group-by-group movement and therefore anther-stigma spatialetemporal *** separation(two whorls of stamen and pistil length)was shown to be stronger than temporal *** found that stamen movements to the center of the flower increase pollen removal,and the most common pollinators visited more frequently and for longer durations during the male floral stage than during the female floral *** movements increased both self-pollen deposition rate and sexual interference in *** fruit and seed set of naturally and outcrossed pollinated flowers were more prolific than those of selfpollinated ***-by-group stamen movement,dehiscence of stamens,pistil movement,and male-female spatialetemporal functional separation of *** before floral temporal closure may prevent male-female and stamen-stamen interference and pollen discounting,and may increase pollen removal and cross-pollination.

关键词： Floral structure Male-female interference Pollen removal Self-pollen deposition

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Effects of partial slip on flow of a third grade fluid

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2006年第5期22卷 393-396页

作者： S. Asghar M. Mudassar gulzar M. Ayub Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology H-8 Islamabad Pakistan Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This paper is an analytical study of the rotating flow of a third grade fluid past a porous plate with partial slip effects. It serves as a flow model for the study of polymers. The analytic solution has been determin... 详细信息

关键词： Partial-slip Non-Newtonian fluid Analytic solution Homotopy analysis method

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Implied volatility estimation of bitcoin options and the stylized facts of option pricing

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 1508-1537页

作者： Noshaba Zulfiqar Saqib gulzar COMSATS University Islamabad-Wah Campus Wah CanttPakistan

The recently developed Bitcoin futures and options contracts in cryptocurrency derivatives exchanges mark the beginning of a new era in Bitcoin price risk *** need for these tools dates back to the market crash of 1987,when investors needed better ways to protect their portfolios through option *** tools provide greater flexibility to trade and hedge volatile swings in Bitcoin prices *** violation of constant volatility and the log-normality assumption of the Black–Scholes option pricing model led to the discovery of the volatility smile,smirk,or skew in options *** stylized facts;that is,the volatility smile and implied volatilities implied by the option prices,are well documented in the option literature for almost all financial *** are expected to be true for Bitcoin options as *** data sets for the study are based on short-dated Bitcoin options(14-day maturity)of two time periods traded on Deribit Bitcoin Futures and Options Exchange,a Netherlandsbased cryptocurrency derivative *** estimated results are compared with benchmark Black–Scholes implied volatility values for accuracy and efficiency *** study has two aims:(1)to provide insights into the volatility smile in Bitcoin options and(2)to estimate the implied volatility of Bitcoin options through numerical approximation techniques,specifically the Newton Raphson and Bisection *** experimental results show that Bitcoin options belong to the commodity class of assets based on the presence of a volatility forward skew in Bitcoin option ***,the Newton Raphson and Bisection methods are effective in estimating the implied volatility of Bitcoin ***,the Newton Raphson forecasting technique converges faster than does the Bisection method.

关键词： Bitcoin options Deribit Bitcoin smile Implied volatility estimation Numerical estimation

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Preliminary investigation of late Mughal period wall paintings from historic monuments of Begumpura,Lahore

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 465-472页

作者： Saima gulzar Jean-Pierre Burg Department of Architecture University of Management and TechnologyLahore 54770Pakistan Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich Geological InstituteNO E 67Sonneggstrasse 5CH-8092 ZurichSwitzerland

Deterioration of wall paintings caused by environmental pollution is a worldwide problem especially with reference to the present industrial era. The alarming incremental trend of pollution in Pakistan has threatened the cultural assets. The deposition of pollutants on historic fabric is the main source of chemical and mineralogical alterations of wall paintings. The present diagnostic study investigated the main deterioration mechanisms affecting wall paintings of the late Mughal period, in the Begumpura Complex, in Lahore. Micro samples were characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS to identify deterioration products and understand deterioration mechanisms prevalent at the heritage site. The results revealed that red ocher, green earth and calcium carbonate were initially used for red, green and white pigments, respectively. Sodium chloride (halite, NaCl) and gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) were identified as the main deterioration products.

关键词： Deterioration Wall Painting Begumpura Lahore

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Estimation of soil carbon pools in the forests of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2313-2321页

作者： Anwar Ali Muhammad Irfan Ashraf Saeed gulzar Muhammad Akmal Bilal Ahmad Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar 25130Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Soil Science PMAS Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46300Pakistan Institute of Agriculture Sciences and Forestry University of SwatSwat 19130Pakistan

Forest soils have high carbon densities compared to other *** carbon sequestration is important to reduce CO 2 concentrations in the *** eff ective climate change mitigation strategy involves limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases from *** Pakhtunkhwa is the most forested province of Pakistan,hosting about one-third of the country’s 4.5×106 ha forest *** organic carbon in the province’s forests was estimated through a fi eld-based study carried out during 2014–17 covering the whole *** was collected from 373 sample plots laid out in diff erent forest types using a stratifi ed cluster sampling *** total quantity of soil organic carbon was estimated at 59.4×106 t with an average of 52.4±5.3 t/*** 69%of the total soil carbon is present in temperate *** broad-leaved and subtropical pine forests constitute 11.4%and 8.8%of the soil carbon stock ***,subalpine and oak forests have respective shares of 5.1%and 5.7%in the soil carbon *** lowest carbon stock(0.1%)was found in dry-tropical thorn *** highest soil carbon density was found in subalpine forests(69.5±7.2 t/ha)followed by moist temperate forests(68.5±6.7 t/ha)and dry temperate forests(60.7±6.5 t/ha).Oak forests have carbon density of 43.4±7.1 t/*** pine,subtropical broad-leaved and dry tropical thorn forests have soil carbon densities of 36.3±3.7,32.8±6.2 and 31.5±3.5 t/ha,*** forests of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province have substantial amounts of soil carbon which must be conserved for climate change mitigation and maintenance of sound forest health.

关键词： Soil carbon Carbon sequestration Climate change Carbon sink Forests Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

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Portfolio diversification benefits of alternative currency investment in Bitcoin and foreign exchange markets

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Financial Innovation 2021年第1期7卷 343-379页

作者： Muhammad Owais Qarni Saiqb gulzar COMSATS University Islamabad-Wah Campus Wah CanttPunjabPakistan

This study examines the portfolio diversification benefits of alternative currency trading in Bitcoin and foreign exchange *** following methods are applied for the analysis:the spillover index method of Diebold and Yilmaz(Int J Forecast 28(1):57–66,***://***/10.1016/*** ecast.2011.02.006),the spillover asymmetry measures of Barunik et al.(J Int Money Finance 77:39–56,***://***/10.1016/*** fin.2017.06.003),and the frequency connectedness method of Barunik and Křehlik(J Financ Econom 16(2):271–296,***://***/10.1093/jjfin ec/nby001).The findings identify the presence of low-level integration and asymmetric volatility spillover as well as a dominant role of short horizon spillover among Bitcoin markets and foreign exchange pairs for six major trading currencies(US dollar,euro,Japanese yen,British pound sterling,Australian dollar,and Canadian dollar).Bitcoin is found to provide significant portfolio diversification benefits for alternative currency foreign exchange *** currency Bitcoin trading in euro is found to provide the most significant portfolio diversification benefits for foreign exchange portfolios consisting of major trading *** findings of the study regarding spillover dynamics and portfolio diversification capabilities of the Bitcoin market for foreign exchange markets of major trading currencies have significant implications for portfolio diversification and risk minimization.

关键词： Bitcoin Spillover index Major trading currencies Spillover asymmetry measure Frequency connectedness

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Conformal Killing Vectors in LRS Bianchi Type Ⅴ Spacetimes

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第3期65卷 315-320页

作者： Suhail Khan Tahir Hussain Ashfaque H.Bokhari gulzar Ali Khan Department of Mathematics University of Peshawar Department of Mathematics and Statistics King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals

In this note,we investigate conformal Killing vectors(CKVs)of locally rotationally symmetric(LRS)Bianchi type V *** to some integrability conditions,CKVs up to implicit functions of(t,x)are *** these integrability conditions in some particular cases,the CKVs are completely determined,obtaining a classification of LRS Bianchi type V *** inheriting conformal Killing vectors of LRS Bianchi type V spacetimes are also discussed.

关键词： Killing LRS 时空矢量保形可积条件旋转对称隐函数

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