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Recent Developments in Authentication Schemes Used in Machine-Type Communication Devices in Machine-to-Machine Communication: Issues and Challenges

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 93-115页

作者： Shafi Ullah Sibghat Ullah Bazai Mohammad Imran Qazi Mudassar Ilyas Abid Mehmood Muhammad Asim Saleem Muhmmad Aasim Rafique Arsalan Haider Ilyas Khan Sajid Iqbal Yonis gulzar Kauser Hameed Department of Computer Engineering Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Technology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information TechnologyKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Management Information Systems College of Business AdministrationKing Faisal UniversityHofuf in Al-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Software Engineering College of ComputingRiphah International UniversityFaisalabad44000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineeringand Management SciencesQuetta87300Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication plays a fundamental role in autonomous IoT (Internet of Things)-based infrastructure, a vital part of the fourth industrial revolution. Machine-type communication devices(MTCDs) regularly share extensive data without human intervention while making all types of decisions. Thesedecisions may involve controlling sensitive ventilation systems maintaining uniform temperature, live heartbeatmonitoring, and several different alert systems. Many of these devices simultaneously share data to form anautomated system. The data shared between machine-type communication devices (MTCDs) is prone to risk dueto limited computational power, internal memory, and energy capacity. Therefore, securing the data and devicesbecomes challenging due to factors such as dynamic operational environments, remoteness, harsh conditions,and areas where human physical access is difficult. One of the crucial parts of securing MTCDs and data isauthentication, where each devicemust be verified before data transmission. SeveralM2Mauthentication schemeshave been proposed in the literature, however, the literature lacks a comprehensive overview of current M2Mauthentication techniques and the challenges associated with them. To utilize a suitable authentication schemefor specific scenarios, it is important to understand the challenges associated with it. Therefore, this article fillsthis gap by reviewing the state-of-the-art research on authentication schemes in MTCDs specifically concerningapplication categories, security provisions, and performance efficiency.

关键词： Authentication cyber security internet of things machine-type communication devices machine-to-machine communication

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Potential of Plant Growth Regulators on Modulating Rooting of <i>Rosa centifolia</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第5期6卷 659-665页

作者： gulzar akhtar Ahsan Akram Yasar Sajjad Rashad Mukhtar Balal Muhammad Adnan Shahid Hasan Sardar Kaleem Naseem Shahid Masood Shah Department of Horticulture University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad Pakistan Institute of Horticultural Sciences University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

Rosa centifolia is grown for its flowers which are used for essential oil extraction. It is vegetatively propagated through its cuttings which are difficult to root. This study was designed to increase the rooting percentage of cuttings by applying plant growth regulators (PGRs) with different levels. In total 31 treatments with different concentrations (450 ppm, 700 ppm and 950 ppm) of indole butyric acid (IBA), indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone, in combination and with same concentrations of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP) were used. Healthy similar sized cutting of R. centifolia was treated in solution of PGRs by quick dip method and planted in polythene bags. The data for shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of roots, root length and root dry weight were recorded. All three levels (450 ppm, 700 ppm and 950 ppm) of IBA alone produced maximum results in case of all parameters as compared to all other treatments. Among three levels of IBA, 450 ppm concentration produced maximum shoot length (10.67 cm), shoot dry weight (3.02 g), number of roots (14.00), root length (11.90 cm) and root dry weight (0.50 g). Lower concentrations of plant growth regulators produced better results as compared to higher concentrations.

关键词： Growth Regulator Rosa centifolia Auxins Rooting Shooting

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Risk factors and outcomes of peptic ulcer bleed in a Pakistani population:A single-center observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第3期15卷 1-9页

作者： Nazish Butt Muhammad Tayyab Usmani Nimrah Mehak Saba Mughal Fakhar Ali Qazi-Arisar Ghulam Mohiuddin gulzar Khan Department of Gastroenterology Jinnah Postgraduate Medical CentreKarachi 75505SindhPakistan National Institute of Liver&GI Diseases Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan School of Public Health Dow University of Health SciencesKarachi 75330SindhPakistan

BACKGROUND Peptic ulcer disease(PUD)remains a significant healthcare burden,contributing to morbidity and mortality *** advancements in therapies,its prevalence persists,particularly in regions with widespread nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)use and Helicobacter pylori *** To comprehensively analyse the risk factors and outcomes of PUD-related upper gastrointestinal(GI)bleeding in Pakistani *** This retrospective cohort study included 142 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding who underwent upper GI endoscopy from January to December *** on demographics,symptoms,length of stay,mortality,re-bleed,and Forrest classification was *** The mean age of patients was 53 years,and the majority was men(68.3%).Hematemesis(82.4%)and epigastric pain(75.4%)were the most common presenting *** patients(73.2%)were discharged within five *** mortality rates at one week and one month were 10.6%and 14.8%,***-bleed within 24 h and seven days occurred in 14.1%and 18.3%of patients,*** ulcers were Forrest class(FC)Ⅲ(72.5%).Antiplatelet use was associated with higher mortality at 7 and 30 d,while alternative medications were linked to higher 24-hour re-bleed *** use was associated with more FCⅢ***-bleed at 24 h and 7 d was strongly associated with one-week or one-month *** Antiplatelet use and rebleeding increase the risk of early mortality in PUD-related upper GI bleeding,while alternative medicines are associated with early rebleeding.

关键词： Non variceal bleed Mortality Re-bleed Forrest classification Antiplatelets Alternative medicines

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伊犁河流域近30a洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征研究

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干旱区地理 2024年第8期47卷 1314-1326页

作者：古丽扎尔·莫明杨莲梅刘艳李新国新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院新疆乌鲁木齐830000 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆乌鲁木齐830002

基于1990-2022年伊犁河流域洪水灾情数据集,结合高程、归一化植被指数等孕灾环境因子,研究伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征,并分析洪水灾害发生规律和孕灾环境之间的联系。结果表明:(1)研究区洪水灾害可分为3种:暴雨洪水、融... 详细信息

基于1990-2022年伊犁河流域洪水灾情数据集,结合高程、归一化植被指数等孕灾环境因子,研究伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布及孕灾环境特征,并分析洪水灾害发生规律和孕灾环境之间的联系。结果表明:(1)研究区洪水灾害可分为3种:暴雨洪水、融雪洪水和混合洪水(暴雨加融雪造成洪水),其中,暴雨洪水灾害最多(占80.0%)、融雪洪水灾害最少(占3.4%);洪水灾害呈流域北部多于南部、东段多于西段的空间分布,尼勒克县最多、霍尔果斯市最少。(2)近30 a来洪水灾害频次呈年际和年代际增多趋势,洪水灾害年均约11.6次·a^(-1),2010年最多(43次),2000-2011年最多(149次)。洪水灾害在夏季最多,春季次之,秋季最少,6月最多(年均3.3次·a^(-1)),10月最少(年均0.06次·a^(-1)),其中暴雨洪水灾害夏季最多,年均9.3次·a^(-1),6月最多(110次),10月最少(2次),混合洪水灾害春多夏少,3月最多(36次),7月最少(8次),年均1.9次·a^(-1),融雪洪水灾害3月最多(12次),只发生于春季,年均0.4次·a^(-1)。(3)孕灾环境敏感性等级综合分布显示,灾害发生过程中,各孕灾因子共同起作用,影响洪水灾害的空间分布和强度。尼勒克县、特克斯县、新源县、昭苏县和霍尔果斯市境内的极高敏感区域分布较多。结合洪水灾害时空分布和孕灾环境等级综合分布可知,洪水灾害多发生在极高敏感区和高敏感区分布较多的流域东段和北部区域。

关键词：伊犁河流域洪水灾害时空分布孕灾环境

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Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第5期28卷 547-569页

作者： Ishrat Parveiz Bhat Tahseen Bilal Rather Irfan Maqbool Gowhar Rashid Kulsum akhtar gulzar A Bhat Fazl Q Parray Besina Syed Ishrat Younas Khan Mohsin Kazi Muhammad D Hussain Mudassar Syed Department of Clinical Biochemistry Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of General Surgery Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Pathology Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical SciencesSrinagar 190011Jammu and KashmirIndia Department of Pharmaceutics College of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityPO Box 2457Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences California Health Sciences UniversityCaliforniaCA 93612United States

BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)is a mediator of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling,inflammatory processes and fibrosis in various illnesses including *** To investigate the role of CTGF in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression and to compare the CTGF expression with different clinicopathological *** Real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to evaluate the CTGF expression and the results were statistically analyzed against the clinicopathological variables of patient data using STATA software version *** CTGF expression levels in tumor specimens were significantly higher than their paired normal *** higher protein expression levels showed a significant association with smoking,staging,tumor grade,invasion depth,necrosis of tumor tissue,and both lymphovascular and perineural *** per the cox regression model and classification tree analysis,tumor-nodemetastasis stage and perineural invasion were important predictors for CTGF expression and prognosis of CRC *** analysis indicated that CTGF overexpression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free *** Expression of CTGF was increased in CRC and was linked with poor overall and disease-free survival of CRC *** findings support prior observations and thus CTGF may be a possible prognostic marker in CRC.

关键词： Connective tissue growth factor Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction Immunohistochemistry Western blotting Colorectal cancer

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Land-Cover Classification and its Impact on Peshawar’s Land Surface Temperature Using Remote Sensing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第2期70卷 4123-4145页

作者： Shahab Ul Islam Saifullah Jan Abdul Waheed gulzar Mehmood Mahdi Zareei Faisal Alanazi Department of Computer Science IQRA National UniversityPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Computer Science City University of Science&Information TechnologyPeshawar25124Pakistan Department of Information Technology Hazara UniversityMansehra21120Pakistan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea Department of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malakand23021Pakistan Tecnologico de Monterrey School of Engineering and SciencesZapopan45201Mexico Department of Electrical Engineering Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityCollege of EngineeringAl Kharj16278Saudi Arabia

Spatial and temporal informationon urban infrastructure is essential and requires various land-cover/land-use planning and management ***,a change in infrastructure has a direct impact on other land-cover and climatic *** study assessed changes in the rate and spatial distribution of Peshawar district’s infrastructure and its effects on Land Surface Temperature(LST)during the years 1996 and *** this purpose,firstly,satellite images of bands7 and 8 ETM+(Enhanced Thematic Mapper)plus and OLI(Operational Land Imager)of 30 m resolution were ***,for classification and image processing,remote sensing(RS)applications ENVI(Environment for Visualising Images)and GIS(Geographic Information System)were ***,for better visualization and more in-depth analysis of land sat images,pre-processing techniques were *** Land use and Land cover(LU/LC)four types of land cover areas were identified-vegetation area,water cover,urbanized area,and infertile land for the years under *** composition of red,green,and near infra-red bands was used for supervised *** images were extracted for analyzing the relative infrastructure change.A comparative analysis for the classification of images is performed for SVM(Support Vector Machine)and ANN(Artificial Neural Network).Based on analyzing these images,the result shows the rise in the average temperature from 30.04℃ to 45.25℃.This only possible reason is the increase in the built-up area from 78.73 to 332.78 Area km^(2) from 1996 to *** has also been witnessed that the city’s sides are hotter than the city’s center due to the barren land on the borders.

关键词： Remote sensing temperature extraction urbanization satellite image classification artificial neural network support vector machine LU/LC land surface temperature

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An Energy-Efficient Mobile Agent-Based Data Aggregation Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5929-5948页

作者： gulzar Mehmood Muhammad Zahid Khan Muhammad Fayaz Mohammad Faisal Haseeb Ur Rahman Jeonghwan Gwak Department of Computer Science&Information Technology University of MalakandChakdara Dir Lower23021Pakistan Department of Computer Science University of Central AsiaNarynKyrgyzstan Department of Software Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of AI Robotics Engineering Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea Department of IT and Energy Convergence(BK21 FOUR) Korea National University of TransportationChungju27469Korea

Due to the advancement in wireless technology and miniaturization,Wireless Body Area Networks(WBANs)have gained enormous popularity,having various applications,especially in the healthcare *** are intrinsically resource-constrained;therefore,they have specific design and development *** such highly desirable requirement is an energy-efficient and reliable Data Aggregation(DA)mechanism for *** efficient and reliableDAmay ultimately push the network to operate without much human intervention and further extend the network *** conventional client-serverDAparadigm becomes unsuitable and inefficient for WBANs when a large amount of data is generated in the ***,in most of the healthcare applications(patient’s critical conditions),it is highly important and required to send data as soon as possible;therefore,reliable data aggregation in WBANs is of great *** tackle the shortcomings of the client-serverDAparadigm,theMobile Agent-Basedmechanismproved to be a more workable *** aMobile Agent-Based mechanism,a taskspecific mobile agent(code)traverses to the intended sources to gather *** agents travel on a predefined path called itinerary;however,planning a suitable and reliable itinerary for a mobile agent is also a challenging issue *** paper presents a new Mobile Agent-Based DA scheme for WBANs,which is energy-efficient and ***,in the proposed scheme,the network is divided into clusters,and cluster-heads are ***,a mobile agent is generated from the base station to collect the required data from cluster *** the case,if any fault occurs in the existing itinerary,an alternate itinerary is planned in real-time without compromising the network *** our simulation-based validation,we have found that the proposed system delivers significantly improved fault-tolerance and reliability with energy-efficiency and extended network lifetime in WBANs.

关键词： WBANs mobile-agent data aggregation reliability

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Innovative Fungal Disease Diagnosis System Using Convolutional Neural Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 4869-4883页

作者： Tahir Alyas Khalid Alissa Abdul Salam Mohammad Shazia Asif Tauqeer Faiz gulzar Ahmed Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Networks and Communications Department College of Computer Science and Information TechnologyImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityP.O.Box 1982Dammam31441Saudi Arabia Department of General Education Skyline University CollegeUniversity City of SharjahUAE Higher Colleges of Technology Abu DhabiUAE Department of Enterprise Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjahUAE Department of Computer Science University of South AsiaLahore54000Pakistan

Fungal disease affects more than a billion people worldwide,resulting in different types of fungus diseases facing life-threatening *** outer layer of your body is called the integumentary *** skin,hair,nails,and glands are all part of *** organs and tissues serve as your first line of defence against bacteria while protecting you from harm and the *** It serves as a barrier between the outside world and the regulated environment inside our bodies and a regulating ***,light,damage,and illness are all protected by ***-caused infections are found in almost every part of the natural *** an invasive fungus takes over a body region and overwhelms the immune system,it causes fungal infections in *** primary goal of this study was to create a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)-based technique for detecting and classifying various types of fungal *** are numerous fungal illnesses,but only two have been identified and classified using the proposed Innovative Fungal Disease Diagnosis(IFDD)system of Candidiasis and Tinea *** paper aims to detect infected skin issues and provide treatment recommendations based on proposed system *** identify and categorize fungal infections,deep machine learning techniques are utilized.A CNN architecture was created,and it produced a promising outcome to improve the proposed system *** collected findings demonstrated that CNN might be used to identify and classify numerous species of fungal spores early and estimate all conceivable fungus *** CNN-Based can detect fungal diseases through medical images;earmarked IFDD system has a predictive performance of 99.6%accuracy.

关键词： Deep machine learning CNN ReLU skin disease fungal

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A User-friendly Model for Ransomware Analysis Using Sandboxing

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3833-3846页

作者： akhtar Kamal Morched Derbali Sadeeq Jan Javed Iqbal Bangash Fazal Qudus Khan Houssem Jerbi Rabeh Abbassi gulzar Ahmad Department of Computer Science&Information Technology National Center for Cyber SecurityUniversity of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan Department of Information Technology Faculty of Computing and Information TechnologyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology(ICS/IT) University of AgriculturePeshawar25130Pakistan Department of Industrial/Electrical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of Ha’ilHail1234Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering&TechnologyPeshawar25120Pakistan

Ransomware is a type of malicious software that blocks access to a computer by encrypting user’s files until a ransom is paid to the *** have been several reported high-profile ransomware attacks including WannaCry,Petya,and Bad Rabbit resulting in losses of over a billion dollars to various individuals and businesses in the *** analysis of ransomware is often carried out via sandbox environments;however,the initial setup and configuration of such environments is a challenging ***,it is difficult for an ordinary computer user to correctly interpret the complex results presented in the reports generated by such environments and analysis *** this research work,we aim to develop a user-friendly model to understand the taxonomy and analysis of ransomware ***,we aim to present the results of analysis in the form of summarized reports that can easily be understood by an ordinary computer *** model is built on top of the well-known Cuckoo sandbox environment for identification of the ransomware as well as generation of the summarized *** addition,for evaluating the usability and accessibility of our proposed model,we conduct a comprehensive user survey consisting of participants from various fields,e.g.,professional developers from software houses,people from academia(professors,students).Our evaluation results demonstrate a positive feedback of approximately 92%on the usability of our proposed model.

关键词： Ransomware sandbox user-friendly model survey

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Changes in Growth,Photosynthetic Pigments,Cell Viability,Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense System in Two Varieties of Chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)Subjected to Salinity Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 149-168页

作者： Zeenat Mushtaq Shahla Faizan Basit gulzar Humira Mushtaq Sayyada Bushra Alisha Hussain Khalid Rehman Hakeem Environmental Physiology Laboratory Department of BotanyAligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh202002India Cellular Differentiation and Molecular Genetics Section Department of BotanyJamia HamdardNew Delhi110062India Research and Training Centre for Pollinators Pollinizers and Pollination Management SectionDivision of EntomologySKUAST KashmirSrinagar190025India Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia

Salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stresses for crop *** present study investigates the salinityinduced modulation in growth indicators,morphology and movement of stomata,photosynthetic pigments,activity of carbonic anhydrase as well as nitrate reductase,and antioxidant systems in two varieties of chickpea(Pusa-BG5023,and Pusa-BGD72).On 20^(th) day of sowing,plants were treated with varying levels of NaCl(0,50,100,150 and 200 mM)followed by sampling on 45 days of *** observations on both the varieties reveal that salt stress leads to a significant decline in growth,dry biomass,leaf area,photosynthetic pigments,protein content,stomatal behavior,cell viability,activity of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase with the rise in the concentration of ***,quantitatively these changes were less in Pusa-BG5023 as compared to ***,salinity-induced oxidative stress enhanced malondialdehyde content,superoxide radicals,foliar proline content,and the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,and *** variety Pusa-BGD72 was found more sensitive than Pusa-BG5023 to salt *** of different graded concentrations(50,100,150 and 200 mM)of sodium chloride,50 mM was least toxic,and 200 mM was most *** differential behavior of these two varieties measured in terms of stomatal behavior,cell viability,photosynthetic pigments,and antioxidant defense system can be used as prospective indicators for selection of chickpea plants for salt tolerance and sensitivity.

关键词： Salt stress ion homeostasis antioxidant defense cell viability chickpea

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