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Eddy covariance measurements of turbulent fluxes in the surf zone

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第3期39卷 63-72页

作者： Yongfeng Qi Xiaodong Shang guiying chen Linghui Yu State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Turbulent eddies play a critical role in oceanic flows. Direct measurements of turbulent eddy fluxes beneath the sea surface were taken to study the direction of flux-carrying eddies as a means of supplementing our understanding of vertical fluxes exchange processes and their relationship to tides. The observations were made at 32 Hz at a water depth of ~1.5 m near the coast of Sanya, China, using an eddy covariance system, which mainly consists of an acoustic doppler velocimeter(ADV) and a fast temperature sensor. The cospectra-fit method-an established semi-empirical model of boundary layer turbulence to the measured turbulent cospectra at frequencies below those of surface gravity waves-was used in the presence of surface gravity waves to quantify the turbulent eddy fluxes(including turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress). As much as 87% of the total turbulent stress and 88% of the total turbulent heat flux were determined as being at band frequencies below those of surface gravity waves. Both the turbulent heat flux and Reynolds stress showed a daily successive variation;the former peaked during the low tide period and the later peaked during the ebb tide *** of roll-off wavenumbers, k0, and roll-off wavelengths, λ0(where λ0=2π/k0), which were estimated as the horizontal length scales of the dominant flux-carrying turbulent eddies, indicated that the λ0 of the turbulent heat flux was approximately double that of the Reynolds stress. Wavelet analysis showed that both the turbulent heat flux and the Reynolds stress have a close relationship to the semi-diurnal and diurnal tides, and therefore indicate the energy that is transported from tides to turbulence.

关键词： eddy covariance turbulent fluxes surface gravity waves cospectrum tides

The influence of turbulent mixing on the subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer in the northern South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2167-2180页

作者： chenjing SHANG Changrong LIANG guiying chen Yongli GAO Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Eco-environmental Science College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Equipment Public Service Center South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

We present observations from deployments of turbulent microstructure instrument and CTD package in the northern South China Sea from April to May *** them we determined the turbulent mixing(dissipation rateεand diapycnal diffusivityκ),nutrients(phosphate,nitrate,and nitrite),nutrient fluxes,and chlorophyll a in two transects(A and B).Transect A was located in the region where turbulent mixing in the upper 100 m was weak(κ~10-6-10-4 m^(2)/s).Transect B was located in the region where the turbulent mixing in the upper 100 m was strong(κ~10-5-10-3 m^(2)/s)due to the influence of internal waves originating from the Luzon Strait and water intrusion from the Western *** both transects,there was a thin subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer(SCML)(>0.25 mg/m^(3))nested in the upper 100 *** observations indicate that the effects of turbulent mixing on the distributions of nutrients and chlorophyll a were different in the two *** the transect A with weak turbulent mixing,nutrient fluxes induced by turbulent mixing transported nutrients to the SCML but not to the upper *** were sufficient to support a local SCML phytoplankton population and the SCML remained *** the transect B with strong turbulent mixing,nutrient fluxes induced by turbulent mixing transported nutrients not only to the SCML but also to the upper water,which scatters the nutrients in the water column and diffuses the SCML.

关键词： turbulent mixing diapycnal diffusivity nutrients nutrient flux chlorophyll a

Observing spectral characteristics over a continental shelf and slope in the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第7期32卷 29-37页

作者： SHANG Xiaodong XU Chi chen guiying WU Lixin State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using in situ measurement data from May-June, 1998, and data from the Asian seas international acoustics experiment （ASIAEX） from 2001 in the South China Sea （SCS）, the spectral density function and the dissipa- tion spectrum function are estimated. In the inffa-gravity wave （IGW） band, the power spectra of velocity （u, v, w） are universal functions with respect to characteristic frequencies, which correspond to the peak fre- quencies of the dissipation spectrum （PFDS）. This suggests that high-frequency internal waves in the IGW band have similar dynamical characteristics. In addition, the evolution of these characteristic frequencies is explored and its highest value is 8.8 cph （cycles per hour, 1 cph=2.778× 10-3 Hz）.

关键词： dissipation spectra,characteristic frequencies South China Sea

Observations of upper layer turbulent mixing in the southern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第11期34卷 6-13页

作者： SHANG Xiaodong QI Yongfeng chen guiying LIANG Changrong State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

A turbulent microstructure experiment was undertaken at a low latitude of 10°N in the South China Sea in late August 2012. The characteristics of the eddy diffusivity above 650 m were analyzed, which is one order of magnitude larger than that in the open ocean at that low latitude. Enhanced eddy diffusivities by strong shears and sharp changes in topography were observed. The strongest eddy diffusivity occurred in the mixed layer, and it reached O（10^-2 m^2/s）. Strong stratification in the thermocline inhibited the penetration of surface eddy diffusivities through the thermocline, where the mixing was weakest. Below the thermocline, where the background eddy diffusivity was approximately O（10^-6 m^2/s）, the eddy diffusivity increased with depth, and its largest value was O（10^-3 m^2/s）.

关键词： southern South China Sea turbulent mixing dissipation rate topography

Complete mitochondrial genome of Nanorana pleskei （Amphibia： Anura： Dicroglossidae） and evolutionary characteristics

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 785-805页

作者： guiying chen Bin WANG Jiongyu LIU Feng XIE Jianping JIANG chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduated School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Department of Biology Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610101 China

The complete mitochondrial genome of Nanorana pleskei from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was sequenced. It includes 17,660 base pairs, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs and 23 tRNAs. A tandem duplication of tRNAu^t gene was found in this mitochondrial genome, and the similarity between the two tRNAMet genes is 85.8%, being the highest in amphibian mitochondrial genomes sequenced thus far. Based on gene organization, 24 types were found from 145 amphibian mitochondrial genomes. Type 1 was present in 108 species, type 11 in 11 species, types 5, 16, 17, and 20 each in two species, and the others each present in one species. Fifteen types were found in Anura, being the most diversity in three orders of the Lissamphibia. Our phylogenetic results using 11 protein-coding gene sequences of 145 amphibian mitochondrial genomes strongly support the mo- nophyly of the Lissamphibia, as well as its three orders, the Gymnophiona, Caudata, and Anura, among which the relationships were （（Gymnophiona （Caudata, Anura））. Based on the phylogenetic trees, type 1 was recognized as the ancestral type for am- phibians, and type 11 was the synapomorphic type for the Neobatrachia. Gene rearrangements among lineages provide meaning- ful phylogenetic information. The rearrangement of the LTPF tRNA gene cluster and the translocation of the ND5 gene only found in the Neobatrachia support the monophyly of this group; similarly, the tandem duplication of the tRNAMet genes only found in the Dicroglossidae support the monophyly of this family

关键词： Nanorana pleskei Complete rnitochondrial genome Tandem duplication of tRNAMet genes Mitochondrial genometype Phylogenetic Amphibia

The effect of Typhoon Kalmaegi on the modal energy and period of internal waves near the Dongsha Islands(South China Sea)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第12期42卷 22-31页

作者： Rongwei Zhai guiying chen chenjing Shang Xiaodong Shang Youren Zheng South China Sea Information Center of State Oceanic Administration Guangzhou 510310China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510315China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

The influence of Typhoon Kalmaegi on internal waves near the Dongsha Islands in the northeastern South China Sea was investigated using mooring observation *** observed,for the first time,that the phenomenon of regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle of diurnal internal tides(ITs)can be regulated by *** diurnal ITs lost the regular variation characteristics of the 14-d spring-neap cycle during the typhoon period owing to the weakening of diurnal coherent ITs,represented by O_(1)and K_(1),and the strengthening of diurnal incoherent *** of quantitative analysis showed that during the pre-typhoon period,timeaveraged modal kinetic energy(sum of Modes 1–5)of near-inertial internal waves(NIWs)and diurnal and semidiurnal ITs were 0.62 kJ/m^(2),5.66 kJ/m^(2),and 1.48 kJ/m^(2),***,during the typhoon period,the modal kinetic energy of NIWs increased 5.11 times,mainly due to the increase in high-mode kinetic *** the same time,the modal kinetic energy of diurnal and semidiurnal ITs was reduced by 68.9%and 20%,respectively,mainly due to the decrease in low-mode kinetic *** significantly reduced diurnal ITs during the typhoon period could be due to:(1)strong nonlinear interaction between diurnal ITs and NIWs,and(2)a higher proportion of high-mode diurnal ITs during the typhoon period,leading to more energy dissipation.

关键词： internal waves spring-neap cycle modal kinetic energy South China Sea

Body Surface Area Prediction in Odorrana grahami

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第1期5卷 54-59页

作者： guiying chen Jiongyu LIU Qiang DAI Jianping JIANG chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biology Sichuan Normal University

Body surface area（BSA）was regarded as a more readily quantifiable parameter relative to body mass in the normalization of comparative biochemistry and *** BSA prediction has attracted unceasing research back more than a century on animals,especially on humans and *** studies in this area for anurans were reported,and the equation for body surface area（S）and body mass（W）：S=9.9 W 0.56,which was concluded from toads of four species in 1969,was generally adopted to estimate the body surface areas for anurans until recent ***,this equation was not applicable to Odorrana *** relationship between body surface area and body mass for this species was established as：S=15.4 W *** current results suggest estimation equations should be used cautiously across different species and body surface area predictions on more species need to be conducted.

关键词： body mass body surface area estimation equation Odorrana grahami

Furongian(upper Cambrian) Guole Konservat-Lagersttte from South China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2016年第1期90卷 30-37页

作者： ZHU Xuejian PENG Shanchi Samuel ZAMORA Bertrand LEFEBVRE chen guiying State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espana c/Manuel Lasala 449°B50006 ZaragozaSpain UMR CNRS 5276 Universite Lyon 1&ENS-Lyon69622 VilleurbanneFrance College of Earth Sciences Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004GuangxiChina

The Guole biota contains common shelly fossils and some exceptionally well-preserved softbodied fossils. Stratigraphically, it is located in the mudstones and siltstones of the Sandu Formation near Guole Town, Jingxi County, Guangxi, South China. It is the first Furongian （late Cambrian） Burgess Shale-type biota found in the world, thereby filling the gap between middle Cambrian and Lower Ordovician Burgess Shale-type Lagerstaitten. Preliminary studies suggest that the Guole biota includes approximately seven metazoan groups as well as algae. These will provide important new evolutionary and ecological information.

关键词： Cambrian Furongian Burgess Shale soft-bodied fossils South China

Modal structure and propagation of internal tides in the northeastern South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第9期38卷 12-23页

作者： Qian Liu Xiaohui Xie Xiaodong Shang guiying chen Hong Wang School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and Technology Zhenjiang 212003 China State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Hangzhou 310012 China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides (ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a ~14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m^2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs. From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.

关键词： South China Sea internal tides propagation scattering modal structure