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Off-grid DOA estimation via a deep learning framework

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 222-237页

作者： Yan HUANG Yanjun ZHANG Jun TAO Cai WEN guisheng liao Wei HONG State Key Lab of Millimeter Waves Southeast University Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education Southeast University School of Information Science and Technology Northwest University National Key Lab of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University

Direction-of-arrival(DOA) estimation problem is one of the most important tasks for array signal processing. Conventional methods are limited by either the computational complexity or the resolution. In this paper, a novel deep learning(DL) framework for super-resolution DOA estimation is developed, where the grid mismatch problem is fully considered into the DL DOA estimation and the offset between the real DOA and the discrete sampling grid is thereby trained as a part of the network output. Specifically, we first model the DOA estimation problem as a multi-classification task and obtain the on-grid estimation result with a resolution of 1° as the first output. Then we designed another regression module to estimate the offset between target angles and the corresponding grids. By combining both on-grid and offset estimation results, the accurate off-grid estimation is achieved. In addition, the method of fusing low-level features and high-level features by skip connection is adopted between the on-grid estimation module and the offset estimation module. The high-level features in the first part of the network are combined with the original input to improve the training speed and the estimation accuracy. Herein, our training dataset contains a large number of off-grid signal data, which is close to the practical application. Also, the utilization of the off-grid part information improves DOA estimation performance compared to existing DL-based methods,achieving more accurate DOA estimations. Numerous simulation results have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method in DOA estimation precision, and a good performance advantage maintains even when using a limited number of snapshots. Further, we test the proposed method on the real millimeter-wave radar system, and it outperforms the other state-of-the-art methods, especially for two adjacent targets in the same range and Doppler bin.

关键词： direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation deep learning (DL) off-grid array signal processing

Control and utilization of range-dependent beampattern with waveform diverse array radars

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第12期35卷 1-31页

作者： Lan LAN guisheng liao Jingwei XU Shengqi ZHU Cao ZENG Yuhong ZHANG National Key Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China School of Electronic Engineering Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

The transmit antenna beampattern of the phased array radar is only a function of angle,limiting its ability to discriminate the targets from the same direction.Recently,the waveform diverse array radars expand the angle-dependent beampattern to an angle-time-range-dependent three-dimensional function by modulating the frequencies/time delays/phases across different transmit antenna elements.In this respect,extra Degrees-of-Freedom(DOFs)in the range domain are achieved,which opens up an innovative way to fulfil the tasks with enhanced system performance by jointly using the angle and range information.This paper summaries the developments of waveform diverse radars,including the Frequency Diverse Array(FDA),the Space-Time-CirculatingArray(STCA),and the Element-Pulse-Coding(EPC)frameworks,with emphasis on the analysis of the range-dependent beampattern from the basic properties upon how it is controlled.Moreover,the most recent advances of utilizing such a range-dependent beampattern in target detection,parameter estimation and identifiability,clutter suppression,jammer suppression and Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)imaging are discussed.

关键词： Jammer suppression Parameter estimation Range-dependent beampattern SAR imaging Waveform diverse array rada

Modified Omega-K algorithm for processing helicopter-borne frequency modulated continuous waveform rotating synthetic aperture radar data

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2015年第3期26卷 476-485页

作者： Dong Li guisheng liao Yong liao Lisheng Yang Key Laboratory of Aerocraft Tracking Telemetering & Command and Communication Ministry of EducationChongqing University National Lab of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University

With appropriate geometry configuration, helicopter- borne rotating synthetic aperture radar （ROSAR） can break through the limitations of monostatic synthetic aperture radar （SAR） on forward-looking imaging. With this capability, ROSAR has extensive potential applications, such as self-navigation and self-landing. Moreover, it has many advantages if combined with the frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） technology. A novel geometric configuration and an imaging algorithm for helicopter-borne FMCW-ROSAR are proposed. Firstly, by per- forming the equivalent phase center principle, the separated trans- mitting and receiving antenna system is equalized to the case of system configuration with antenna for both transmitting and receiving signals. Based on this, the accurate two-dimensional spectrum is obtained and the Doppler frequency shift effect in- duced by the continuous motion of the platform during the long pulse duration is compensated. Next, the impacts of the velocity approximation error on the imaging algorithm are analyzed in de- tail, and the system parameters selection and resolution analysis are presented. The well-focused SAR image is then obtained by using the improved Omega-K algorithm incorporating the accurate compensation method for the velocity approximation error. FJnally, correctness of the analysis and effectiveness of the proposed al- gorithm are demonstrated through simulation results.

关键词： helicopter-borne rotating synthetic aperture radar（ROSAR） frequency modulated continuous wave （FMCW） improved Omega-K algorithm two-dimensional spectrum.

DOA estimation of wideband signals based on iterative spectral reconstruction

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2017年第6期28卷 1039-1045页

作者： Shun He Zhiwei Yang guisheng liao National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi’an 710071 China Communication and Information Engineering Collage Xi’an University of Science and Technology Xi’an 710054 China

In order to solve the problem of coherent signal subspace method(CSSM) depending on the estimated accuracy of signal subspace, a new direction of arrival(DOA) estimation method of wideband source, which is based on iterative adaptive spectral reconstruction, is proposed. Firstly, the wideband signals are divided into several narrowband signals of different frequency bins by discrete Fourier transformation(DFT). Then, the signal matched power spectrum in referenced frequency bins is computed, which can form the initial covariance matrix. Finally, the linear restrained minimum variance spectral(Capon spectral) of signals in other frequency bins are reconstructed using sequential iterative means, so the DOA can be estimated by the locations of spectral peaks. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the proposed method based on the iterative spectral reconstruction for the covariance matrices of all sub-bands can avoid the problem of determining the signal subspace accurately with the coherent signal subspace method under the conditions of small samples and low signal to noise ratio(SNR), and it can also realize full dimensional focusing of different sub-band data, which can be applied to coherent sources and can significantly improve the accuracy of DOA estimation.

关键词： direction of arrival(DOA) wideband source coherent source minimum variance spectral

SAR image change detection method based on PPNN

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2021年第8期64卷 257-259页

作者： Guoli NIE guisheng liao Cao ZENG National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University International Coopreation Base of Integrated Electronic Information System of Ministry of Science and Technology Xidian University 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Information Sensing Xidian University Radar Cognitive Detection Imaging and Target Recognition Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation (“111 Center”)Xidian University

Dear editor,In remote sensing research, change detection is said to be a hot spot because of its many applications [1], and lots of synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image change detection methods are proposed. In this study, to address the problem that the accuracy of SAR image change detection needs to be improved, a multi-feature parallel probabilistic neural network(PPNN) is proposed.

关键词： PNN SAR image change detection method based on PPNN image

Target location with signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking for airborne multi-channel radar

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第5期21卷 752-758页

作者： Zhiwei Yang guisheng liao Shun He Cao Zeng National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi'an 710071 E R. China Communication and Information Engineering College Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710054 E R. China

The location of a moving target based on signal fitting and sub-aperture tracking from an airborne multi-channel radar is dealt with.The proposed approach is applied in two steps：first,the ambiguous slant-range velocity is derived with a modified single-snapshot multiple direction of arrival estimation method,and second,the unambiguous slant-range velocity is found using a track-based criterion.The prominent advantage of the proposed approach is that the unambiguous slant-range velocity can be very large.Besides,the first stage is carried out at the determinate range-Doppler test cell by azimuth searching for fitting best to the moving target signal,therefore,the location performance would not be sacrificed in order to suppress clutter and/or interference.The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method are validated with a set of airborne experimental data.

关键词： space-time adaptive processing（STAP） along track interferometry（ATI） ground moving target indication（GMTI）.

Design of integrated radar and communication system based on MIMO-OFDM waveform

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2017年第4期28卷 669-680页

作者： Yongjun Liu guisheng liao Zhiwei Yang Jingwei Xu National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing Xidian University Xi’an 710071 China

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform enables radar and communication functions simultaneously, which encounters low angle resolution and poor data rate for traditional single input single output (SISO) systems. To solve these problems, an integrated radar and communication system (IRCS) with multiple input multiple output (MIMO) OFDM waveform is proposed. The different limitations of radar and communication in designing such a system are investigated. Then, an optimization problem is devised to obtain suitable system parameters, including the number of subcarriers, subcarrier spacing, number of symbols, pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and length of cyclic prefix (CP). Finally, to satisfy the requirements of both radar and communication, the IRCS parameters are derived in three typical cases. Several numerical results are presented to illustrate the demands of radar and communication, inconsistent or consistent, for the IRCS parameters and the superiority of the proposed system.

关键词： integrated radar and communication orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system parameter design

面向复杂场景的多通道慢速动目标稳健检测算法

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电子与信息学报 2024年第5期46卷 2018-2027页

作者：刘昆贺雄鹏廖桂生余悦王麒凯西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理全国重点实验室西安710071

针对鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)算法在多通道慢速地面动目标指示(GMTI)中存在的高虚警以及对通道误差敏感问题,该文提出一种数据重构与速度合成孔径雷达(VSAR)-RPCA联合处理的方法。首先,通过样本挑选与联合像素法完成通道间数据精确重构;然... 详细信息

针对鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)算法在多通道慢速地面动目标指示(GMTI)中存在的高虚警以及对通道误差敏感问题,该文提出一种数据重构与速度合成孔径雷达(VSAR)-RPCA联合处理的方法。首先,通过样本挑选与联合像素法完成通道间数据精确重构;然后结合VSAR检测模式提出一种新的RPCA优化模型,通过采用交替投影乘子法对其进行求解得到空间频域的稀疏矩阵,进一步利用动目标与强杂波残余在空间频域通道的分布特性差异实现强杂波残余剔除与动目标检测;最后采用沿航迹干涉算法估计目标径向速度完成动目标重定位。相较于传统RPCA算法,所提算法在非理想强杂波背景下的虚警率显著降低。理论分析与实测实验验证了所提算法的有效性。

关键词：合成孔径雷达地面动目标检测鲁棒主成分分析数据重构

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一种侦干探多功能一体化微系统设计

系统工程与电子技术 2024年第3期46卷 868-881页

作者：肖国尧廖桂生柯华锋李帅全英汇西安电子科技大学电子工程学院陕西西安710071 西安电子科技大学雷达信号处理全国重点实验室陕西西安710071 中国空间技术研究院通信与导航卫星总体部北京100094

在无人机载、弹载综合电子应用领域,基于传统分立器件设计的信号处理系统面临日益突显的资源受限问题。因此,针对无人机载、弹载综合电子系统的多功能、小型化、高性能应用的迫切需求,提出一种侦干探多功能一体化信号处理微系统集成设... 详细信息

在无人机载、弹载综合电子应用领域,基于传统分立器件设计的信号处理系统面临日益突显的资源受限问题。因此,针对无人机载、弹载综合电子系统的多功能、小型化、高性能应用的迫切需求,提出一种侦干探多功能一体化信号处理微系统集成设计技术。基于三维堆叠等先进封装技术,将射频直采数模/模数转换器、可编程逻辑器件、处理器、大容量易失型存储器、非易失性存储器以及阻容等诸多元件进行共封装设计集成,构成可同时完成侦察、干扰、探测功能信号处理的微系统,并构建多功能应用场景,完成软硬件测试验证。该微系统不仅在体积、重量、性能、集成度等方面具有一定优越性,而且大大简化了信号处理系统的复杂电路设计,更便于系统的标准化、通用化和软件化,具有较大的应用前景。

关键词：多功能微系统异质异构三维堆叠侦干探一体化