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Effects of Tectonic Setting and Hydraulic Properties on Silent Large-Scale Landslides:A Case Study of the Zhaobishan Landslide,China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 600-617页

作者： Shufeng Tian guisheng hu Ningsheng Chen Mahfuzur Rahman huayong Ni Marcelo Somos-Valenzuela Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Kathmandu Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan University Department of Civil Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology(IUBAT) Department of Civil Engineering Kunsan National University Institute of Exploration Technology China Geological Survey Department of Forest Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversidad de La Frontera

Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL) occur without significant triggering factors and cause unexpected significant disaster risks and mass *** the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk *** this study,the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated,and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil(fractured rock mass) and strong-water(abundant water replenishment)conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic *** tectonic uplift,high fault density,and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan *** combined effect of unique lithology,antiform,and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runoff confluence(3.16 times that of the landslide body) and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment,thereby forming strongwater conditions for the *** amplified seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength,eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL,which occurred 4.6 days after the peak ***,the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock,thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris flows in the Lengzi *** reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions,the water confluence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered,and recurring debris flows following massive landslides also should be focused.

关键词： Debris flow Hydraulic properties Risk reduction Runoff amplification Silent large-scale landslides (SLL) Tectonic setting

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带斜梁的新型扶壁式挡土墙有限元模拟及应力分析

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矿冶 2024年第2期33卷 181-188页

作者：韩昆马涛文建新钱晨阳胡贵生冯国将矿冶科技集团有限公司北京100160

提出一种带斜梁的新型扶壁式挡土墙。首先通过QY-Tools工具箱进行扶壁式挡土墙设计,确定挡土墙设计尺寸,之后利用Midas/Gen进行有限元模拟,比较在库伦土压力作用下新型扶壁挡土墙与传统扶壁挡土墙位移及应力变化趋势。结果表明:扶壁背... 详细信息

提出一种带斜梁的新型扶壁式挡土墙。首先通过QY-Tools工具箱进行扶壁式挡土墙设计,确定挡土墙设计尺寸,之后利用Midas/Gen进行有限元模拟,比较在库伦土压力作用下新型扶壁挡土墙与传统扶壁挡土墙位移及应力变化趋势。结果表明:扶壁背部增设斜梁的新型扶壁式挡土墙可以优化挡土墙应力分布,减小扶壁间立板的最大位移,实现应力控制配筋,同时也能满足裂缝要求。扶壁、立板及墙趾和墙踵相交位置受力复杂,在设计过程中需采取加强措施,其他部位受力均较小,配筋可优化。

关键词：扶壁挡土墙斜梁有限元模拟应力分布

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火后泥石流启动降雨阈值分析——以四川乡城县仁额拥沟泥石流为例

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中国地质灾害与防治学报 2024年第1期35卷 108-115页

作者：王元欢沈昊文谢万银鲁科胡桂胜四川省地质工程勘察院集团有限公司四川成都610032 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院云南昆明650093 高原科学与可持续发展研究院青海西宁810016

2014年6月1日,中国西南中横断山区仁额拥沟遭受了一次森林大火,火后的短时低雨强降雨在3#支沟内激发了3次泥石流;2015年8月的一次强降雨在仁额拥沟的1#、2#和3#支沟及其他附近的多个更小的流域内均激发了泥石流。为了解火后泥石流的降... 详细信息

2014年6月1日,中国西南中横断山区仁额拥沟遭受了一次森林大火,火后的短时低雨强降雨在3#支沟内激发了3次泥石流;2015年8月的一次强降雨在仁额拥沟的1#、2#和3#支沟及其他附近的多个更小的流域内均激发了泥石流。为了解火后泥石流的降雨响应特征,文章采用距离修正的方式处理降雨数据,对4次泥石流进行降雨过程分析,查明了流域特征对泥石流启动的作用及其对各支沟泥石流不同降雨阈值的影响。研究发现:(1)泥石流降雨阈值在火后非常低且有随时间推移而增大的趋势;(2)仁额拥沟火后泥石流具有高频率特征,其原因除了在火后天然植被的破坏后降雨对坡面径流和侵蚀效应的放大,流域本身的性质也有极大的贡献;(3)各支沟内泥石流降雨阈值差异的主要原因在于流域面积的差异,泥石流侵蚀受制于径流量大小。

关键词：火后泥石流降雨阈值距离修正仁额拥沟降雨响应

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大规模沟谷型泥石流成因与减灾启示——以黑水县谷汝沟“7·14”泥石流为例

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安全与环境工程 2024年第1期31卷 172-181页

作者：黄洪胡桂胜陈宁生倪化勇中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 中国科学院大学工程科学学院北京100049 高原科学与可持续发展研究院青海西宁810016 中国地质调查局探矿工艺研究所四川成都611734

沟谷型泥石流具有谷坡陡峻、相对高差大、沟道坡度大等特点,往往形成大规模的泥石流灾害。2021年7月14日20时许,黑水县谷汝沟发生大规模泥石流灾害,造成直接经济损失3300万元。为提高和完善泥石流灾害的预测预警手段与减灾水平,以沟谷... 详细信息

沟谷型泥石流具有谷坡陡峻、相对高差大、沟道坡度大等特点,往往形成大规模的泥石流灾害。2021年7月14日20时许,黑水县谷汝沟发生大规模泥石流灾害,造成直接经济损失3300万元。为提高和完善泥石流灾害的预测预警手段与减灾水平,以沟谷型泥石流谷汝沟“7·14”泥石流为典型研究对象,通过现场勘察、模型计算、流域地貌信息熵和气象分析等方法,揭示谷汝沟“7·14”泥石流特征,分析其成因,预测其未来发展趋势。结果表明:谷汝沟“7·14”泥石流容重为1.83g/cm3,属于黏性石流,平均流速为11.2m/s,泥石流峰值流量达到991.2 m3/s;流域处于壮年偏幼期的地貌发育阶段,为谷汝沟“7·14”泥石流暴发提供了充足的动力势能条件,49.7mm的日降雨量是泥石流的激发因素;根据灰色灾变预测模型,谷汝沟将在2027年、2034年、2042年暴发泥石流灾害。研究成果有助于完善沟谷型泥石流的预测预警,可为其他地区泥石流防灾减灾提供参考。

关键词：沟谷型泥石流形成机制预测预警流域地貌信息熵灰色灾变预测模型谷汝沟泥石流

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滑坡-泥石流灾害链特征分析与风险评价——以川西石棉县马颈子沟为例

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安全与环境工程 2024年第1期31卷 124-134,149页

作者：王翔弘绅余建华胡桂胜杨志全中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所四川成都610041 昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院云南昆明650093 四川省公路规划勘察设计研究院有限公司四川成都610041 高原科学与可持续发展研究院青海西宁810016

我国川西地区地形地貌和地质构造复杂,滑坡-泥石流灾害链易发育,灾害链中主要灾害向次要灾害逐级传递,促使灾害的风险性进一步增强。为研究滑坡-泥石流灾害链的特征与风险性,以四川马颈子沟滑坡-泥石流灾害链为典型研究对象,对该区域滑... 详细信息

我国川西地区地形地貌和地质构造复杂,滑坡-泥石流灾害链易发育,灾害链中主要灾害向次要灾害逐级传递,促使灾害的风险性进一步增强。为研究滑坡-泥石流灾害链的特征与风险性,以四川马颈子沟滑坡-泥石流灾害链为典型研究对象,对该区域滑坡和泥石流分别进行风险度分析,并对区域滑坡-泥石流灾害链进行特征分析与风险评价。首先构建AHP模型对滑坡危险度进行分析,并应用易损性等级计算模型计算滑坡易损性;然后应用泥石流危险区指标来估算泥石流的危险度,并根据区域统计数据得出区域泥石流灾害损失脆弱性;最后根据多灾害风险理论公式,计算区域滑坡-泥石流灾害链风险度,并对灾害链进行风险评价。结果表明:马颈子沟滑坡-泥石流灾害链为中风险度地区,该研究结果与现场勘察结果一致,验证了基于多灾害风险理论的灾害链分析评价方法体系结合多种模型进行计算的可行性。通过分析马颈子沟灾害链风险度,为类似研究提供理论依据。

关键词：滑坡泥石流灾害链多灾害风险理论风险评价

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The Critical Rainfall Characteristics for Torrents and Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Stricken Area

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 362-372页

作者： CHEN Ningsheng YANG Chenglin ZHOU Wei hu guisheng LI huan David Han Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China610041 Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment ChineseAcademy of Sciences Chengdu China 610041 College of Water Resource & Hydropower ofSCU Chengdu China 610065 d Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK Department of Civil Engineering University of Bristol UK

Critical rainfall assessment is a very important tool for hazard management of torrents and debris flows in mountainous areas. The Wenchuan Earthquake 2008 caused huge casualties and property damages in the earthquake-stricken area,which also generated large quantities of loose solid materials and increased occurrence probabilities of debris flows. There is an urgent need to quantify the critical rainfall distribution in the area so that better hazard management could be planned and if real time rainfall forecast is available,torrent and debris flow early-warning could be issued in advance. This study is based on 49-year observations (1954-2003) of up to 678 torrent and debris flow events. Detailed contour maps of 1 hour and 24 hour critical rainfalls have been generated (Due to the data limitation,there was insufficient 10 minute critical rainfall to make its contour map). Generally,the contour maps from 1 hour and 24 hours have similar patterns. Three zones with low,medium and high critical rainfalls have been identified. The characteristics of the critical rainfall zones are linked with the local vegetation cover and land forms. Further studies and observations are needed to validate the finding and improve the contour maps.

关键词：地震灾区降雨特征泥石流种子汶川临界雨量等值线图灾害管理

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在农村扶贫中开展装配式安置房设计建造

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建筑结构 2023年第S1期53卷 1156-1160页

作者：钱晨阳胡贵生郭胜义矿冶科技集团有限公司北京100160

装配式建筑在农村市场具有较大的市场,在农村人居环境整治与美丽乡村建设中采用装配式建筑实现农房现代建造具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。结合螺栓连接全装配式混凝土超低能耗建筑产品,对位于8区的典型BPC案例结构进行了计算和分析,... 详细信息

装配式建筑在农村市场具有较大的市场,在农村人居环境整治与美丽乡村建设中采用装配式建筑实现农房现代建造具有重要的社会意义和经济价值。结合螺栓连接全装配式混凝土超低能耗建筑产品,对位于8区的典型BPC案例结构进行了计算和分析,进行了在农村扶贫中开展装配式安置房设计建造实践。

关键词：农村装配式钢筋混凝土安置房

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Efects of Tectonic Setting and Hydraulic Properties on Silent Large‑Scale Landslides: A Case Study of the Zhaobishan Landslide,China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第4期14卷 600-617页

作者： Shufeng Tian guisheng hu Ningsheng Chen Mahfuzur Rahman huayong Ni Marcelo Somos‑Valenzuela Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability Xining 810016China Kathmandu Center for Research and Education Chinese Academy of Sciences-Tribhuvan UniversityBeijing 100101China Department of Civil Engineering International University of Business Agriculture and Technology(IUBAT)Dhaka 1230Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering Kunsan National UniversityGunsan 54150Republic of Korea Institute of Exploration Technology China Geological SurveyChengdu 611734China Department of Forest Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesUniversidad de La Frontera4780000 TemucoChile

Unlike strong earthquake-triggered or heavy rainfall-triggered landslides,silent large-scale landslides(SLL)occur without signifcant triggering factors and cause unexpected signifcant disaster risks and mass *** the initiation mechanism of SLLs is crucial for risk *** this study,the mechanism of the Zhaobishan SLL was investigated,and the SLL was jointly controlled by weak-soil(fractured rock mass)and strong-water(abundant water replenishment)conditions under the impact of active tectonism and complex hydraulic *** tectonic uplift,high fault density,and historical earthquakes led to weak-soil conditions conducive to the Zhaobishan *** combined efect of unique lithology,antiform,and cultivated land contributed to the water replenishment characteristics of extensive runof confuence(3.16 times that of the landslide body)and supported long-distance groundwater replenishment,thereby forming strongwater conditions for the *** amplifed seepage amount caused the strength of the soil mass on the sliding surface to decrease to 0.4 times its initial strength,eventually triggering the Zhaobishan SLL,which occurred 4.6 days after the peak ***,the landslide deposits have accumulated on the semi-diagenetic clay rock,thereby controlling the subsequent recurring debris fows in the Lengzi *** reduce disaster risk of SLL in vulnerable mountainous regions,the water confuence area behind the main scarp of the landslides and the hysteresis characteristics between landslides and peak rainfall should be further considered,and recurring debris fows following massive landslides also should be focused.

关键词： Debris fow Hydraulic properties Risk reduction Runof amplifcation Silent large-scale landslides(SLL) Tectonic setting

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