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Woody plant taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests:Environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 491-501页

作者： guillermo bañares-de-dios Manuel J.Macía Gabriel Arellano Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Julia Vega-álvarez Itziar Arnelas Carlos I.Espinosa Norma Salinas Luis Cayuela departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain departamento de Biología Área de BotánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Oikobit LLC ***AlbuquerqueNM87120USA Real Jardín Botánico–CSIC Plaza Murillo 2MadridES-28014Spain departamento de Biología Animal EcologíaParasitologíaEdafología y Química AgrícolaUniversidad de SalamancaCalle Donantes de Sangre s/nSalamancaES-37007Spain departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridCalle JoséAntonio Nováis 12Ciudad UniversitariaES-28040Spain departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de LojaA.P.11-01-608 LojaEcuador Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúA.P.Lima 32LimaPeru ECI School of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOX13QYOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global(IICG-URJC) Universidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain

Mountains are paramount for exploring biodiversity patterns due to the mosaic of topographies and climates encompassed over short *** research has traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity when investigating changes along elevational gradients,but other facets should be *** first time,we simultaneously assessed elevational trends in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in Andean tropical montane forests and explored their underlying ecological and evolutionary *** investigation covered four transects(traversing ca.2200 m a.s.l.) encompassing 114 plots of 0.1 ha across a broad latitudinal range(ca.10°).Using Hill numbers to quantify abundance-based diversity among 37,869 individuals we observed a consistent decrease in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity as elevation increased,although the decrease was less pronounced for higher Hill *** exception was a slight increase in phylogenetic diversity when dominant species were *** decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity might be attributed to an environmental filtering process towards highlands,where the increasingly harsher conditions exclude species and functional ***,the differences in steepness decrease between Hill orders suggest that rare species disproportionately contribute to functional *** phylogenetic diversity the shifting elevational trend between Hill orders indicates a greater than previously considered influence in central Andean highlands of tropical lowlands originated species with strong niche conservatism relative to distantly related temperate *** could be explained by a decreasing presence and abundance of temperate,extratropical taxa towards the central Andes relative to northern or southern Andes,where they are more prevalent.

关键词： Altitudinal gradients Andes Environmentalﬁltering Out of the Tropical Lowlands Functional rarity Tropical Niche Conservatism

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Avoiding transduction-induced heating in suspended microchannel resonators using piezoelectricity

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2021年第2期7卷 231-237页

作者： Damien Maillard Annalisa de Pastina Amir Musa Abazari Luis guillermo Villanueva Advanced NEMS Laboratory Institute of Mechanical Engineeringfcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Center for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices(CRANN) Trinity College Dublin(TCD)Dublin 2Ireland department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Calorimetry of single biological entities remains *** microchannel resonators(SMRs)offer excellent performance for real-time detection of various analytes and could hold the key to unlocking pico-calorimetry ***,the typical readout techniques for SMRs are optical-based,and significant heat is dissipated in the sensor,altering the measurement and worsening the frequency *** this manuscript,we demonstrate for the first time full on-chip piezoelectric transduction of SMRs on which we focus a laser Doppler vibrometer to analyze its *** demonstrate that suddenly applying the laser to a water-filled SMR causes a resonance frequency shift,which we attribute to a local increase in *** the procedure is repeated at increasing flow rates,the resonance frequency shift diminishes,indicating that convection plays an important role in cooling down the device and dissipating the heat induced by the *** also show that the frequency stability of the device is degraded by the laser *** comparison to an optical readout scheme,a low-dissipative transduction method such as piezoelectricity shows greater potential to capture the thermal properties of single entities.

关键词： temperature. suspended filled

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US children with special health care needs and ethnic discrimination: results from multivariate modeling

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第2期15卷 182-189页

作者： guillermo Montes St.John Fisher College Alesi 106C3690 East Ave.RochesterNY 14618USA Children's Institute Inc. RochesterNYUSA

background To determine the prevalence of parent-reported ethnic/racial discrimination,and to determine if children with special health care needs are more likely to experience ethnic discrimination than other children who have similar family income,age,sex,race,parental education and Hispanic *** Using the National Survey of Children's Health 2011-2012 (n =95,677),ethnic discrimination was measured by two questions that asked 'was child ever treated or judged unfairly because of his/her race or ethnic group?' and if so,how often it occurred in the last 12 months prior to the *** An estimated 3 million US children aged 0-17 years have experienced parent-reported ethnic discrimination (1.4% White,9.1% Black,9.9% other race,4.7% Hispanic).The likelihood to experience ethnic discrimination is much higher for Black and other race children,compared to White *** with special health care needs were two times more likely to experience ethnic discrimination frequently in the 12 months prior to the survey than comparable children in terms of age,sex,race,family income,parental education,and social *** family income did not prevent the exposure to ethnic discrimination but was associated with fewer *** Theoretical frameworks,such as social determinants of health,must account for the bidirectional nature of the relationship between health and ethnic *** care must assess if ethnic discrimination has occurred and whether trauma-informed approaches are needed.

关键词： Children with special health care needs Ethnic discrimination United States

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Empirical formulae to describe some physical properties of small groups of protogalaxies with multiplicity

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第8期21卷 141-158页

作者： guillermo Arreaga-Garcia departamento de Investigacion en Fisica Universidad de Sonora Apdo.Postal 14740C.P.83000HermosilloSonoraMexico

By means of identical cubic elements,we generate a partition of a volume in which a particle-based cosmological simulation is carried *** each cubic element,we determine the gas particles with a normalized density greater than an arbitrarily chosen density *** using a proximity parameter,we calculate the neighboring cubic elements and generate a list of *** imposing dynamic conditions on the gas particles,we identify gas clumps and their neighbors,so that we calculate and fit some properties of the groups so identified,including the mass,size and velocity dispersion,in terms of their multiplicity(here defined simply as the number of member galaxies).Finally,we report the value of the ratio of kinetic energy to gravitational energy of such dense gas clumps,which will be useful as initial conditions in simulations of gravitational collapse of gas clouds and clusters of gas clouds.

关键词： galaxies:kinematics and dynamics hydrodynamics methods:numerical

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A thick-disk galaxy model and simulations of equal-mass galaxy pair collisions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第11期20卷 333-353页

作者： guillermo Arreaga-Garcıa departamento de Investigacion en Fsica Universidad de Sonora.Apdo.Postal 14740C.P.83000HermosilloSonoraMexico

We implement a numerical model reported in the literature to simulate the evolution of a galaxy composed of four matter components,such as:a dark-matter halo;a rotating disk of stars;a spherical bulge of stars and a ring of molecular *** show that the evolution of this galaxy model is stable at least for 10 Gyr(Gyr=109 years).We characterize the resulting configuration of this galaxy model by figures of the circular velocity and angular momentum distribution;the tangential and radial components of the velocity;the peak density evolution and the radial density ***,we calculate several models of equal-mass galaxy binary collisions,such as:(i)frontal and(ii)oblique(with an impact parameter),(iii)two models with initial conditions taken from a 2-body orbit and(iv)a very close *** allow comparison with the galaxy model,we characterize the dynamics of the collision models in an analogous ***,we determine the de Vaucouleurs fitting curves of the radial density profile,on a radial scale of 0–100 kpc,for all the collision models irrespective of the pre-collision *** study the radial mass density and radial surface density profiles at a smaller radial scale,0–20 kpc,we use a four-parameter fitting curve.

关键词： galaxies kinematics and dynamics galaxies interaction methods numerical

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Game changer:How Janus kinase inhibitors are reshaping the landscape of ulcerative colitis mana

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第35期30卷 3942-3953页

作者： Antonio M Caballero-Mateos guillermo Arturo Cañadas-de la Fuente department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology San Cecilio University HospitalGranada 18014Spain department of Nursing Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18004Spain

Recent advancements in the treatment landscape of ulcerative colitis(UC)have ushered in a new era of possibilities,particularly with the introduction of Janus kinase(JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription *** novel agents offer a paradigm shift in UC management by targeting key signaling pathways involved in inflammatory *** approved JAK inhibitors(JAKis),such as tofacitinib,filgotinib,and upadacitinib,clinicians now have powerful tools to modulate immune responses and gene expression,potentially revolutionizing the treatment algorithm for *** trials have demonstrated the efficacy of JAKis in inducing and maintaining remission,presenting viable options for patients who have failed conventional ***-world data support the use of JAKis not only as first-line treatments but also in subsequent lines of therapy,particularly in patients with aggressive disease phenotypes or refractory to biologic *** rapid onset of action and potency of JAKis have broadened the possibilities in the management strategies of UC,offering timely relief for patients with active disease and facilitating personalized treatment *** safety concerns,including cardiovascular risks and infections,ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance will continue to refine our understanding of the risk-benefit profile of JAKis in UC management.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Janus kinase inhibitors Filgotinib Tofacitinib Upadacitinib

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Over 9% efficiency achieved for all-polymer solar cells processed by a green solvent

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1109-1110页

作者： guillermo C.bazan departments of Chemistry ＆ Biochemistry and Materials University of California Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

Bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells （PSCs） have at- tracted considerable attention owning to their potential for fabricating flexible, light-weight and large area solar cell panels via high-throughput roll-to-roll technologies. Compared with conventional PSCs comprising small mol- ecule acceptors, such as fullerenes, all-polymer solar cells （all-PSCs） containing blends of p-type/n-type polymers in the photoactive layer provide advantages including easily tunable absorption band, enhanced absorption coefficient,

关键词： PSCs on in is for efficiency achieved for all-polymer solar cells processed by a green solvent Over 9 by

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Optimal diet strategy of a large-bodied psittacine: food resource abundance and nutritional content enable facultative dietary specialization by the Military Macaw

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者： Sylvia Margarita de la Parra‑Martinez Luis guillermo Munoz‑Lacy Alejandro Salinas‑Melgoza Katherine Renton departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad No.203Delegacion IxtapaC.P.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMexico Comision Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso para la Biodiversidad Liga Periferico‑Insurgentes Sur 4903Delegacion Tlalpan14010 Mexico CityMexico Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacanMexico Estacion de Biologia Chamela Instituto de BiologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 21San Patricio‑MelaqueJaliscoMexico

background:Dietary specialization should arise when there is a relatively high abundance of a particular resource,where animals may select food items to obtain an optimal diet that maximizes energy ***‑bodied psittacines frequently exhibit a narrow dietary niche with specific habitat use,but few studies have determined whether psittacines select food resources,and how this influences habitat ***:We established fruiting phenology transects to evaluate food resource availability for the large‑bodied Military Macaw(Ara militaris)in semi‑deciduous,deciduous,and pine‑oak forest at two sites along the coast of Jalisco,during the dry season when macaws are *** also determined Military Macaw diet by observations of foraging macaws along transect routes,and conducted bromatological analysis of the nutritional content of the most consumed ***:Military Macaws used six plant species as food items during the dry season,and had a narrow dietary niche(Levins’B=0.28),with 56%of foraging macaws consuming the seeds of Hura *** food resources were recorded in pine‑oak forest during the dry season,with food resources and foraging by macaws concentrated in tropical deciduous and semi‑deciduous forest,where *** was the most abundant fruiting tree *** considering the proportional availability of food resources,we determined a broad Hurlbert dietary niche breadth of H=0.67,indicating that Military Macaws consumed food resources according to their ***,the seeds of *** were an important source of protein,carbohydrates,minerals and moisture,and the hard fruitcasing means that these seeds are exclusively available for ***:By concentrating their diet on the most abundant resources,Military Macaws may increase foraging efficiency in the dry *** high nutrient content also means that concentrating the diet on seeds of *** may be an optimal foraging strategy for Military Macaws

关键词： Ara militaris Bromatological analysis Diet composition Food resource selection Fruiting phenology Hura polyandra Psittacidae Tropical dry forest

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Estimation of thermal conductivity of cemented sands using thermal network models

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2022年第1期14卷 210-218页

作者： Wenbin Fei guillermo A.Narsilio department of Infrastructure Engineering The University of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia

Effective thermal conductivity of soils can be enhanced to achieve higher efficiencies in the operation of shallow geothermal *** cementation is a ground improvement technique that can increase the interparticle contact area,leading to a high effective thermal ***,cementation may occur at different locations in the soil matrix,*** contacts,evenly or unevenly around particles,in the pore space or a combination of *** topology of cementation at the particle scale and its influence on soil response have not been studied in detail to ***,soils are made of particles with different shapes,but the impact of particle shape on the cementation and the resulting change of effective thermal conductivity require further *** this work,three kinds of sands with different particle shapes were selected and cementation was formed either evenly around the particles,or along the direction parallel or perpendicular to that of heat *** effective thermal conductivity of each sample was computed using a thermal conductance network *** show that dry sand with more irregular particle shape and cemented along the heat transfer direction will lead to a more efficient thermal enhancement of the soil,i.e.a comparatively higher soil effective thermal conductivity.

关键词： Network Cementation Computed tomography Ground improvement Sands

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Using Cartesian Slice Plots of a Cosmological Simulation as Input of a Convolutional Neural Network

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第11期24卷 225-242页

作者： guillermo Arreaga-García departamento de Investigación en Física Universidad de Sonora.Apdo.Postal 14740C.P.83000HermosilloSonoraMexico

Using a uniform partitioning of cubic cells,we cover the total volume of aΛCDM cosmological simulation based on *** define a visualization cell as a spatial extension of the cubic cell,so that we collect all simulation particles contained in this visualization cell to create a series of Cartesian plots in which the overdensity of matter is clearly *** then use these plots as input to a convolutional neural network(CNN)based on the Keras library and TensorFlow for image *** assign a class to each plot,we approximate the Hessian of the gravitational potential in the center of the cubic *** selected cubic cell is then assigned a label of 1,2 or 3,depending on the number of positive eigenvalues obtained for the Householder reduction of the Hessian *** apply the CNN to several models,including two models with different visualization volumes,one with a cell size of type L(large)and the other with a cell type S(small).A third model combines the plots of the previous L and S cell *** far,we have mainly considered a slice parallel to the XY plane to make the *** last model is considered based on visualizations of cells that also include slices parallel to the ZX and ZY *** find that the accuracy in classification plots is acceptable,and the ability of the models to predict the class works *** results allow us to demonstrate the aim of this paper,namely that the usual Cartesian plots contain enough information to identify the observed structures of the cosmic web.

关键词： methods numerical cosmology theory (cosmology:)large scale structure of universe

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