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Seed loss before seed predation: experimental evidence of the negative effects of leaf feeding insects on acorn production

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 238-250页

作者： tara CANELO Álvaro GAYtÁN guillermo GONZÁLEZ-BORNAY Raul BONAL Forest Research Group INDEHESAUniversity of ExtremaduraPlasenciaSpain DItEG Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaToledoSpain CREAF Cerdanyola del VallèsCataloniaSpain

Insect herbivory decreases plant fitness by constraining plant growth,survival and reproductive *** studies on the effects of herbivory in trees rely on correlational inter-individual comparisons and could,thus,be affected by confounding factors linked to both herbivory and plant *** the Mediterranean Holm oak(Quercus ilex)as a study model,we followed an experimental approach in which leaf-feeding insects(mainly Lepidoptera caterpillars)were excluded from some shoots in all study *** subjected to herbivore exclusion exhibited lower defoliation rates and produced more acorns than control *** constrained shoot growth throughout the study period,but had no effect on the number of female flowers produced per *** production was,however,lower in control shoots due to their higher abortion rates,and also to their greater mortality risk during summer drought,as shoots with fewer leaves were less likely to *** reaction to herbivory inhibits certain physiological pathways involved in plant growth,which,together with the effects of physical damage,reduces the amount and efficiency of the photosynthetic *** increases their vulnerability to environmental stresses,such as water deficit,which limit resource *** is likely a key factor affecting oak regeneration,as it may be a significant source of seed loss prior to pre-dispersal acorn *** experimental studies could help to elucidate its effects in contrasting *** Mediterranean regions,the harsher droughts predicted by climate change models could worsen the effects of insect herbivory on oak reproductive output.

关键词： drought stress insect defoliation oak seed abortion shoot mortality

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Changes in iron transporter divalent metal transporter 1 in proximal jejunum after gastric bypass

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6534-6540页

作者： Andrés Marambio guillermo Watkins Fabiola Castro Andrea Riffo Roberta Zú?iga Jaime Jans María E Villanueva guillermo Díaz Department of Surgery University of Chile Clinical HospitalSantiago 8380456Chile Department of Gastroenterology Chilean Air Force Clinical HospitalSantiago 7560171Chile Department of Pharmacological and toxicological Chemistry University of Chile Chemistry and Pharmacy FacultySantiago 8380492Chile Pathology Service University of Chile Clinical HospitalSantiago 8380456Chile

AIM: to describe the variation that divalent metal transporter 1 (DMt1) shows in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery.

关键词： Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Bariatric surgery Divalent metal transporter 1 Anaemia Iron

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Liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2022年第9期14卷 1654-1664页

作者： guillermo Valenzuela Mauricio Burotto Katherine Marcelain Jaime Gonzalez-Montero Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology University of ChileSantiago 8380453Chile Department of Internal Medicine Hospital del SalvadorSantiago 7500922Chile Department of Oncology Bradford-Hill Clinical Research CenterSantiago 8420383Chile

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of mortality worldwide, associated with a steadily growing prevalence. Notably, the identification of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations has markedly improved targeted CRC therapy by affording treatments directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and other anti-angiogenic therapies. However, the survival benefit conferred by these therapies remains variable and difficult to predict, owing to the high level of molecular heterogeneity among patients with CRC. Although classification into consensus molecular subtypes could optimize response prediction to targeted therapies, the acquisition of resistance mutations to targeted therapy is, in part, responsible for the lack of response in some patients. However, the acquisition of such mutations can induce challenges in clinical practice. the utility of liquid biopsy to detect resistance mutations against anti-EGFR therapy has recently been described. this approach may constitute a new standard in the decision algorithm for targeted CRC therapy.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasms Precision medicine Liquid biopsy Cetuximab Panitumumab

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Photoelectrochemical CO_(2) electrolyzers: From photoelectrode fabrication to reactor configuration

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 455-480,I0012页

作者： Jose Antonio Abarca guillermo Díaz-Sainz Ivan Merino-Garcia Angel Irabien Jonathan Albo Departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular Universidad de CantabriaETSIITAvenida de los Castros s/n39005 SantanderSpain

the photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. this review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. the work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.

关键词： Decarbonization CO_(2)photoelectroreduction (Photo)Electrodes Fabrication techniques Photoelectrolyzer configuration

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Nesting innovations allow population growth in an invasive population of rose-ringed parakeets

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 617-626页

作者： Dailos HERNANDEZ-BRItO Jose L.tELLA guillermo BLANCO Martina CARREtE Department of Conservation Biology Donana Biological Station(CSIC)Calle Americo Vespucio26Sevilla 41092Spain Department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)Calle JoseGutierrez Abascal2Madrid 28006Spain Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de OlavideCarretera de Utrerakm 1Sevilla 41013Spain

Certain traits of recipient environments,such as the availability of limiting resources,strongly determine the establishment success and spread of non-native *** limitations may be overcome through behavioral plasticity,allowing them to exploit alternative ***,we show how a secondary cavity nester bird,the rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri,innovates its nesting behavior as a response to the shortage of tree cavities for nesting in its invasive range in tenerife(Canary Islands).We observed that some breeding pairs excavated their own nest cavities in palms,thus becoming primary cavity nester,whereas others occupied nests built with wood sticks by another invasive species,the monk parakeet Myiopsitta *** use of these novel nesting strategies increased the number of breeding pairs by up to 52%over 6 years,contributing to a 128.8%increase of the whole *** nests were located at greater heights above ground and were more aggregated around conspecifics but did not result in greater breeding success than natural *** of monk parakeet colonies by rose-ringed parakeets also benefited the former species through a protective-nesting association against nest *** results show how an invasive species innovate nesting behaviors and increase nest-site availability in the recipient environment,thus facilitating its population growth and invasion *** behavioral innovations in other invasive rose-ringed parakeet populations may be overlooked,and should be considered for effective management plans.

关键词： antipredator response behavioral flexibility biological invasions cavity nesters nesting innovation reproductive success

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tunable nano-engineered anisotropic surface for enhanced mechanotransduction and soft-tissue integration

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Nano Research 2023年第5期16卷 7293-7303页

作者： Pingping Han tianqi Guo Anjana Jayasree guillermo A.Gomez Karan Gulati Sašo Ivanovski the University of Queensland School of DentistryEpigenetics nanodiagnostic and therapeutic groupCenter for Oral-facial RegenerationRehabilitation and Reconstruction(COR3)BrisbaneQueensland 4006Australia the University of Queensland School of DentistryBrisbaneQueensland 4006Australia the University of Queensland School of DentistryGroup for Anodized Therapies for OsseointegrationRegeneration and StimulationCenter for Oral-facial RegenerationRehabilitation and Reconstruction(COR3)BrisbaneQueensland 4006Australia Centre for Cancer Biology South Australia Pathology and the University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth Australia 5001Australia

Electrochemically engineered titania(tiO_(2))nanopores enable tailored cellular function;however,the cellular mechanosensing mechanisms dictating the cell response and soft tissue integration are yet to be ***,we report the fabrication of anisotropic tiO_(2)nanopores with diameters of 46 and 66 nm on microrough titanium(ti)via electrochemical anodization,towards short-and long-term guidance of human primary gingival fibroblasts(hGFs).Cells on tissue culture plates and bare ti substrates were used as ***,we show that nanopores with a diameter of 66 nm induced more mature focal adhesions of vinculin and paxillin at the membrane,encouraged the development of actin fibers at focal adhesion sites,led to elongated cell and nuclear *** topographical-driven changes were attributed to the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1(Rac 1)GtPase pathway and nuclear localisation of LAMIN A/C and yes-associated protein(YAP)and associated with increased ligament differentiation with elevated expression of the ligament marker Mohawk homeobox(MKX).Study findings reveal that minor tuning of nanopore diameter is a powerful tool to explore intracellular and nuclear mechanotransduction and gain insight into the relationships between nanomaterials and mechanoresponsive cellular elements.

关键词： titanium nanopores nanotopography fibroblast mechanosensing mechanotransduction ligament differentiation

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Real-time cell analysis and heat shock protein gene expression in the tcA tribofium castaneum cell line in response to environmental stress conditions

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 358-370页

作者： Andres Garcia-Reina Maria Juliana Rodriguez-Garcia guillermo Ramis Jose Galian Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology University of MurciaCampus Mare Nostrum E-30100 Murcia Spain Department of Animal Production Faculty of Veterinary University of MurciaCampus Mare Nostrum E-30100 Murcia Spain

the rust red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum （Herbst, 1797）（Coleoptera： tenebrionidae）, is a pest of stored grain and one of the most studied insect model species. Some of the previous studies involved heat response studies in terms of survival and heat shock protein expression, which are regulated to protect other proteins against environ- mental stress conditions. In the present study, we characterize the impedance profile with the xCELLigence Real-time Cell Analyzer and study the effect of increased temperature in cell growth and viability in the cell line BCIRL-tcA-CLG 1 （tcA） of t castaneum. this novel system measures cells behavior in real time and is applied for the first time to insect cells. Additionally, cells are exposed to heat shock, increased salinity, acidic pH and UV-A light with the aim of measuring the expression levels of lisp27, Hsp68a, and Hsp83 genes. Results show a high thermotolerance of teA in terms of cell growth and viability. this result is likely related to gene expression results in which a significant up-regulation of all studied Hsp genes is observed after 1 h of exposure to 40 ~C and UV light. All 3 genes show similar expression patterns, but Hsp27 seems to be the most affected. the results of this study validate the RtCA method and reveal the utility of insect cell lines, real-time analysis and gene expression studies to better understand the physiological response of insect cells, with potential applications in different fields of biology such as conservation biology and pest management.

关键词： environmental stress gene expression heat shock proteins insect cells,real-time cell analysis (RtCA) red flour beetle

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Soil organic carbon stocks in native forest of Argentina:a useful surrogate for mitigation and conservation planning under climate variability

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 3-24页

作者： Pablo L.Peri Juan Gaitán Matías Mastrangelo Marcelo Nosetto Pablo E.Villagra Ezequiel Balducci Martín Pinazo Roxana P.Eclesia Alejandra Von Wallis Sebastián Villarino Francisco Alaggia Marina González Polo Silvina Manrique Pablo A.Meglioli Julián Rodríguez-Souilla Martín Mónaco Jimena E.Chaves Ariel Medina Ignacio Gasparri Eugenio Alvarez Arnesi María Paula Barral Axel von Müller Norberto M.Pahr Josefina Uribe Echevarria Pedro Fernández Marina Morsucci Dardo López Juan Manuel Cellini Leandro Alvarez Ignacio Barberis Hernán Colomb Ludmila La Manna Sebastián Barbaro Cecilia Blundo Ximena Sirimarco Laura Cavallero Gualberto Zalazar guillermo Martínez Pastur Instituto Nacional de tecnología Agropecuaria (INtA) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Luján Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET ) CCt San Luis Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto Argentino de Nivología Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía No Convencional CCT Salta-JujuyConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Dirección Nacional de Bosques Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Nación Instituto de Ecología Regional Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Universidad Nacional de Rosario Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET Grupo de Estudio de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Maderas (LIMAD) Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) Administración de Parques Nacionales (APN) Parque Nacional Los Alerces Centro de Estudios Ambientales Integrados (CEAI) Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPASJB) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET )

Background the nationally determined contribution（NDC） presented by Argentina within the framework of the Paris Agreement is aligned with the decisions made in the context of the United Nations Framework Conven-tion on Climate Change（UNFCCC） on the reduction of emissions derived from deforestation and forest degradation, as well as forest carbon conservation（REDD+）. In addition, climate change constitutes one of the greatest threats to forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the soil organic carbon（SOC） stocks of native forests have not been incorporated into the Forest Reference Emission Levels calculations and for conservation planning under cli-mate variability due to a lack of information. the objectives of this study were:（i） to model SOC stocks to 30 cm of native forests at a national scale using climatic, topographic and vegetation as predictor variables, and（ii） to relate SOC stocks with spatial–temporal remotely sensed indices to determine biodiversity conservation concerns due to threats from high inter-annual climate *** We used 1040 forest soil samples（0–30 cm） to generate spatially explicit estimates of SOC native forests in Argentina at a spatial resolution of approximately 200 m. We selected 52 potential predictive environmental covari-ates, which represent key factors for the spatial distribution of SOC. All covariate maps were uploaded to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based computing platform for subsequent modelling. to determine the biodiversity threats from high inter-annual climate variability, we employed the spatial–temporal satellite-derived indices based on Enhanced Vegetation Index（EVI） and land surface temperature（LSt） images from Landsat *** SOC model（0–30 cm depth） prediction accounted for 69% of the variation of this soil property across the whole native forest coverage in Argentina. total mean SOC stock reached 2.81 Pg C（2.71–2.84 Pg C with a probability of 90%） for a total area of 460,790 km2,

关键词： Soil organic carbon Biodiversity Native forest Climate change mitigation Modelling Resilience

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Controlling cholesterol entry into mitochondria,a key step for hepatocarcinogenesis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第6期10卷 890-892页

作者： guillermo Daniel Mazzolini Eda Kaya Ali Canbay Gene therapy Laboratory Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional(IIMT)Universidad Austral-CONICETBuenos AiresArgentina Liver Unit Hospital Universitario AustralUniversidad AustralBuenos AiresArgentina Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus BochumRuhr University BochumBochumGermany Department of Medicine University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus BochumRuhr University BochumBochumGermany

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the sixth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide(1).Unfortunately,the incidence and mortality of HCC are increasing steadily in formerly low-risk countries(2).Although the contribution of patients infected with hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)has dramatically decreased due to the use of highly effective antiviral agents,increasing epidemiologic evidence indicates a link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and the risk of HCC(1).It is important to highlight that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased in parallel with the obesity,metabolic syndrome,and type 2 diabetes mellitus *** patients with NAFLD,the incidence of HCC is around 0.44 per 1,000 person-years(3).

关键词： NAFLD hepatitis mortality

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Foreign exchange trading and management with the stochastic dual dynamic programming method

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 583-620页

作者： Lorenzo Reus guillermo Alexander Sepulveda‑Hurtado Escuela de Negocios Universidad Adolfo IbanezDiagonal Las Torres2640 SantiagoChile

We present a novel tool for generating speculative and hedging foreign exchange(FX)trading *** solution provides a schedule that determines trades in each rebalancing period based on future currency prices,net foreign account positions,and incoming(outgoing)flows from business *** obtain such policies,we construct a multistage stochastic programming(MSP)model and solve it using the stochastic dual dynamic programming(SDDP)numerical method,which specializes in solving high-dimensional MSP *** construct our methodology within an open-source SDDP package,avoiding implementing the method from *** measure the performance of our policies,we model FX prices as a mean-reverting stochastic process with random events that incorporate stochastic *** calibrate this price model on seven currency pairs,demonstrating that our trading policies not only outperform the benchmarks for each currency,but may also be close to ex-post optimal *** also show how the tool can be used to generate more or less conservative strategies by adjusting the risk tolerance,and how it can be used in a vari-ety of contexts and time scales,ranging from intraday speculative trading to monthly hedging for business ***,we examine the impact of increasing trade policy uncertainty(tPU)levels on our *** findings show that the volatility of currencies from emerging economies rises in comparison to currencies from devel-oped *** discover that an increase in the tPU level has no effect on the aver-age profit obtained by our ***,the risk exposure of the policies increases(decreases)for the group of currencies from emerging(developed)markets.

关键词： FX trading FX risk SDDP Multistage stochastic programming Julia trade policy uncertainty

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