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Photoelectrochemical CO_(2) electrolyzers: From photoelectrode fabrication to reactor configuration

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第10期85卷 455-480,I0012页

作者： Jose Antonio Abarca guillermo díaz-sainz Ivan Merino-Garcia Angel Irabien Jonathan Albo departamento de Ingenierías Química y Biomolecular Universidad de CantabriaETSIITAvenida de los Castros s/n39005 SantanderSpain

The photoelectrochemical conversion of CO_(2) into value-added products emerges as an attractive approach to alleviate climate change. One of the main challenges in deploying this technology is, however, the development and optimization of(photo)electrodes and photoelectrolyzers. This review focuses on the fabrication processes, structure, and characterization of(photo)electrodes, covering a wide range of fabrication techniques, from rudimentary to automated fabrication processes. The work also highlights the most relevant features of(photo)electrodes, with special emphasis on how to measure and optimize them. Finally, the review analyses the integration of(photo)electrodes in different photoelectrolyzer architectures, analyzing the most recent research work that comprises photocathode, photoanode,photocathode-photoanode, and tandem photoelectrolyzer configurations to ideally achieve self-sustained CO_(2) conversion systems. Overall, comprehensive guidelines are provided for future advancements in developing effective devices for CO_(2) conversion, bridging the gap towards the use of sunlight as the unique energy input and practical applications.

关键词： decarbonization CO_(2)photoelectroreduction (Photo)Electrodes Fabrication techniques Photoelectrolyzer configuration

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Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer: An update

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第10期13卷 460-472页

作者： guillermo Pérez-Aguado diego Martinez-Acitores de la Mata Carlos Marra-López Valenciano Ignacio Fernandez-Urien sainz department of Gastroenterology Complejo Hospitalario Insular Materno Infantil de Gran CanariaLas Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas 35016Spain department of Gastroenterology Endoscopy UnitComplejo Hospitalario de Navarra CHNPamplona Navarra 31008Spain department of Gastroenterology Endoscopy UnitAgencia Sanitaria Costa del SolMálaga 29603Spain

Pancreatic cancer produces disabling abdominal pain,and the pain medical management for pancreatic cancer is often challenging because it mainly relies on the use of narcotics(major opioids).However,opioids often provide suboptimal pain relief,and the use of opioids can lead to patient tolerance and several side effects that considerably reduce the quality of life of pancreatic cancer patients.Endosonography-guided celiac plexus neurolysis(EUS-CPN)is an alternative for pain control in patients with nonsurgical pancreatic cancer;EUS-CPN consists of the injection of alcohol and a local anesthetic into the area of the celiac plexus to achieve chemical ablation of the nerve tissue.EUS-CPN via the transgastric approach is a safer and more accessible technique than the percutaneous approach.We have reviewed most of the studies that evaluate the efficacy of EUSCPN and that have compared the different approaches that have been performed by endosonographers.The efficacy of EUS-CPN varies from 50%to 94%in the different studies,and EUS-CPN has a pain relief duration of 4–8 wk.Several factors are involved in its efficacy,such as the onset of pain,previous use of chemotherapy,presence of metastatic disease,EUS-CPN technique,type of needle or neurolytic agent used,etc.According to this review,injection into the ganglia may be the best technique,and a good visualization of the ganglia is the best predictor for a good EUS-CPN response,although more studies are needed.However,any of the 4 different techniques could be used to perform EUS-CPN effectively with no differences in terms of complications between the techniques,but more studies are needed.The effect of EUS-CPN on pain improvement,patient survival and patient quality of life should be evaluated in well-designed randomized clinical trials.Further research also needs to be performed to clarify the best time frame in performing a EUS-CPN.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Endosonography Celiac plexus neurolysis Opioids Echoendoscopy

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Identification of the autotransporter Pet toxin in Proteus mirabilis strain isolated from patients with urinary tract infections

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2012年第3期2卷 283-290页

作者： Luis Raúl Gutiérrez-Lucas guillermo Mendoza-Hernández Bertha González-Pedrajo Carlos Eslava-Campos Jaime Bustos-Martínez Teresita sainz-Espunes departamento de Sistemas Biológicos Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoMéxico CityMéxico departamento de Bioquímica Facultad de MedicinaUNAMMéxico CityMéxico Instituto de Fisiología Celular UNAMMéxico CityMéxico departamento de Atención a la Salud Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-XochimilcoMéxico CityMéxico

Proteus mirabilis, a motile Gram-negative bacterium, represents a common cause of complicated urinary tract infections. Autotransporters are a family of secreted proteins from Gram-negative bacteria that direct their own secretion across the outer membrane (type V autotransporter secretion mechanism). Serine protease autotransporters of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATEs) include adhesins, toxins, and proteases that can contribute to the virulence. Plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet) is the predominant protein in culture supernatants of enteroaggregative E. coli prototype strain 042 and has been extensively studied. Pet toxin is encoded on the 65-Mda adherence-related plasmid of EAEC 042 strain. In this work, Pet protein was found in the supernatant obtained from Proteus mirabilis RTX339 strain isolated from a psychiatric patient suffering complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). The nucleotide sequence of pet gene was obtained using primers designed from E. coli 042 pet gene reported. The alignment of the sequence showed 100% identity with the pet gene reported. Is important to note that Proteus mirabilis RTX339 pet gene has chromosomal location. The chromosomal location of the gene was established since no plasmids were harbored by this strain.

关键词： Pet Proteus mirabilis SPATEs

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