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Woody plant taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity decrease along elevational gradients in Andean tropical montane forests:Environmental filtering and arrival of temperate taxa

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Plant Diversity 2024年第4期46卷 491-501页

作者： guillermo ba.a.es-de-dios Manuel J.Macía Gabriel Arellano Íñigo Granzow-de la Cerda Julia Vega-álvarez Itziar Arnelas Carlos I.espinosa Norma Salinas Luis Cayuela departamento de Biología y Geología Física y Química InorgánicaUniversidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain departamento de Biología Área de BotánicaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridCalle Darwin 2MadridES-28049Spain Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Oikobit LLC ***AlbuquerqueNM87120USA Real Jardín Botánico–CSIC Plaza Murillo 2MadridES-28014Spain departamento de Biología Animal EcologíaParasitologíaEdafología y Química AgrícolaUniversidad de SalamancaCalle Donantes de Sangre s/nSalamancaES-37007Spain departamento de Biodiversidad Ecología y EvoluciónUniversidad Complutense de MadridCalle JoséAntonio Nováis 12Ciudad UniversitariaES-28040Spain departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Universidad Técnica Particular de LojaA.P.11-01-608 LojaEcuador Sección Química Pontificia Universidad Católica del PerúA.P.Lima 32LimaPeru ECI School of Geography and EnvironmentUniversity of OxfordOX13QYOxfordshireUnited Kingdom Instituto de Investigación en Cambio Global(IICG-URJC) Universidad Rey Juan CarlosCalle Tulipán s/nMóstolesMadridES-28933Spain

Mountains are paramount for exploring biodiversity patterns due to the mosaic of topographies and climates encompassed over short *** research has traditionally focused on taxonomic diversity when investigating changes along elevational gradients,but other facets should be *** first time,we simultaneously assessed elevational trends in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in Andean tropical montane forests and explored their underlying ecological and evolutionary *** investigation covered four transects(traversing ca.2200 m a.s.l.) encompassing 114 plots of 0.1 ha across a broad latitudinal range(ca.10°).Using Hill numbers to quantify abundance-based diversity among 37,869 individuals we observed a consistent decrease in taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic diversity as elevation increased,although the decrease was less pronounced for higher Hill *** exception was a slight increase in phylogenetic diversity when dominant species were *** decrease in taxonomic and functional diversity might be attributed to an environmental filtering process towards highlands,where the increasingly harsher conditions exclude species and functional ***,the differences in steepness decrease between Hill orders suggest that rare species disproportionately contribute to functional *** phylogenetic diversity the shifting elevational trend between Hill orders indicates a greater than previously considered influence in central Andean highlands of tropical lowlands originated species with strong niche conservatism relative to distantly related temperate *** could be explained by a decreasing presence and abundance of temperate,extratropical taxa towards the central Andes relative to northern or southern Andes,where they are more prevalent.

关键词： Altitudinal gradients Andes Environmentalﬁltering Out of the Tropical Lowlands Functional rarity Tropical Niche Conservatism

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Effect of Mushroom Extract Hericium erinaceus on Spatial Memory and Morphology of Neurons in the CA1 and CA3 Regions of the Hippocampus in Ovariectomized Rats

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第7期14卷 163-179页

作者： Lucia Garcia-delgado Mariana Monserrath Verdía-Venegas Jacinto bañuelos-Pineda esther Albarrán-Rodríguez guillermo Nolasco-Rodriguez José Ricardo Cuellar-Pérez Sergio Fausto-Guerra Manuel Rosales-Cortés Master in Behavioral Sciences Institute of Neurosciences University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico department of Veterinary Medicine Division of Veterinary Sciences CUCBA University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico Botany and Zoology Laboratory CUCBA University of Guadalajara Zapopan Mexico

Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the nervous system and potential effects on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and motor dysfunctions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the administration of the HE mushroom extract on visuospatial memory and morphology of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. 40 young Wistar rats weighing 90 ± 10 g BW were used, which were distributed into four groups of 10 animals;Control Group, non-ovariectomized and untreated rats;Group E2, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (2 μg/kg/body weight);Group HE, ovariectomized rats treated with the extract of the fungus Hericium erinaceus (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and Group Ovx/ST, ovariectomized rats, without treatment. The animals were tested in the barnes and Open Field maze, then they were sacrificed, and their brains were obtained to perform a histological analysis of neuronal morphology in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The most outstanding results showed that the Ovx/ST group recorded the longest time to arrive at the escape box and stay in the barnes maze. A correlation was observed between neuronal damage and function;in the groups that did not present satisfactory performance in the maze tests, morphological alterations were identified such as the presence of some neuronal somata with degeneration characteristics such as pyknosis, nuclear basophilia and shrinkage of the cells. Its soma, as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of CA1 and CA3 neurons. It is concluded that the fungus Hericium erinaceus exerted a neuroprotective effect on the neuronal bodies of the hippocampus, associated with better performance in the visuospatial recognition memory test.

关键词： Ovariectomized Rats Ovarian Hypofunction estradiol Hericium erinaceus barnes Circular Labyrinth Open Field Labyrinth

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Nesting innovations allow population growth in an invasive population of rose-ringed parakeets

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Current Zoology 2022年第6期68卷 617-626页

作者： Dailos HERNANdeZ-BRITO Jose L.TELLA guillermo BLANCO Martina CARRETE department of Conservation Biology Donana Biological Station(CSIC)Calle Americo Vespucio26Sevilla 41092Spain department of Evolutionary Ecology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)Calle JoseGutierrez Abascal2Madrid 28006Spain department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de OlavideCarretera de Utrerakm 1Sevilla 41013Spain

Certain traits of recipient environments,such as the availability of limiting resources,strongly determine the establishment success and spread of non-native *** limitations may be overcome through behavioral plasticity,allowing them to exploit alternative ***,we show how a secondary cavity nester bird,the rose-ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri,innovates its nesting behavior as a response to the shortage of tree cavities for nesting in its invasive range in Tenerife(Canary Islands).We observed that some breeding pairs excavated their own nest cavities in palms,thus becoming primary cavity nester,whereas others occupied nests built with wood sticks by another invasive species,the monk parakeet Myiopsitta *** use of these novel nesting strategies increased the number of breeding pairs by up to 52%over 6 years,contributing to a 128.8%increase of the whole *** nests were located at greater heights above ground and were more aggregated around conspecifics but did not result in greater breeding success than natural *** of monk parakeet colonies by rose-ringed parakeets also benefited the former species through a protective-nesting association against nest *** results show how an invasive species innovate nesting behaviors and increase nest-site availability in the recipient environment,thus facilitating its population growth and invasion *** behavioral innovations in other invasive rose-ringed parakeet populations may be overlooked,and should be considered for effective management plans.

关键词： antipredator response behavioral flexibility biological invasions cavity nesters nesting innovation reproductive success

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Microstructure and mechanical behavior of similar butt-joints of ZK60 and ZK60-1.5RE magnesium alloys produced by linear friction stir welding

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第5期9卷 1802-1817页

作者： Erenilton Pereira da Silva Ricardo Henrique Buzolin Ulises Alfaro guillermo Requena Haroldo Calvalcanti Pinto Institute of Engineering Science and Technology(IECT)Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri(UFVJM)JanaúbaMGBrazil department of Materials Engineering São Carlos School of Engineering(EESC)University of São Paulo(USP)São Carlos-SP CEP 13563-120Brazil Christian Doppler Laboratory for Design of High-Performance Alloys by Thermomechanical Processing Kopernikusgasse 24Graz 8010Austria Institute of Materials Science Joining and Forming at Graz University of Technology opernikusgasse 24/IGraz 8010Austria German Aerospace Center(DLR)Institute of Materials Research Linder HöheCologne 51147Germany RWTH Aachen University Metallic Structures and Materials Systems for Aerospace EngineeringD-52062 AachenGermany.

The microstructure and mechanical properties of butt-joints produced by linear friction stir welding of similar plates of as-cast ZK60 and modified ZK60 with 1.5 wt.%RE(ZK60-1.5 RE)are *** thermomechanical affected zone is investigated in both advancing and retrieving sides,and the microstructure is compared to the base metal and the stirred *** backscattered diffraction measurements provide the average microstructural features of the transformed *** mechanical properties are assessed using hardness,tensile testing,and surface residual stress measured using X-ray *** torque and heat input are obtained for the ZK60-1.5 RE compared to the *** thermomechanical affected zone is notably larger for the ZK60 compared to the ZK60-1.5 RE.A gradient microstructure is formed in thermomechanical affected zones where deformed grains are progressively more recrystallised towards the stirred *** is no visible interface between the thermomechanical affected zone and the stirred zone.A fine and partially recrystallised microstructure is formed in the stirred *** retrieving side of the ZK60-1.5 RE has a slightly more refined microstructure compared to the other investigated *** measured with increment in the maximum intensity of the(0001)increases towards to stirred *** formed microstructure is correlated with the role of twinning,recovery,static,and dynamic recrystallisation that can occur during friction stir *** and grains with large misorientation spread are more pronounced in the thermomechanical affected zone and regions towards the base *** low angle grain boundaries are observed towards the stirred *** refined recrystallised grains decorating the grain in the thermomechanical affected zone,a mosaic-like of low and high angle grain boundaries are observed in the stirred *** joints have comparable surface residual *** friction stir welding improved th

关键词： ZK60 Mischmetal FSW Recrystallization Microstructure Thermomechanical

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Gridded 20-year climate parameterization of Africa and South America for a stochastic weather generator (CLIGEN)

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Big Earth Data 2023年第2期7卷 349-374页

作者： Andrew Fullhart guillermo E.Ponce-Campos Menberu B.Meles Ryan P.McGehee Gerardo Armendariz Paulo Tarso S.Oliveira Cristiano Das Neves Almeida José C.de Araújo Werner Nel David C.Goodrich Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS TucsonAZUSA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA Sustainable Agricultural Water Systems Unit USDA-ARS DavisCAUSA Agricultural and Biological Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Urbanism and GeographyFederal University of Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMSBrazil Water Resources and Environmental Engineering Laboratory Federal University of ParaíbaJoao PessoaPBBrazil Federal University of Fortaleza Department of Agricultural EngineeringFortalezaBrazil department of Geography and Environmental Science University of Fort HareAliceSouth Africa

CLIGEN is a stochastic weather generator that creates statistically representative timeseries of daily and sub-daily point-scale weather variables from observed monthly statistics and other parameters. CLIGEN precipitation timeseries are used as climate input for various risk-assessment modelling applications as an alternative to observe long-term, high temporal resolution records. Here, we queried gridded global climate datasets (TerraClimate, ERA5, GPM-IMERG, and GLDAS) to estimate various 20-year climate statistics and obtain complete CLIGEN input parameter sets with coverage of the African and South American continents at 0.25 arc degree resolution. The estimation of CLIGEN precipitation parameters was informed by a ground-based dataset of >10,000 locations worldwide. The ground observations provided target values to fit regression models that downscale CLIGEN precipitation input parameters. Aside from precipitation parameters, CLIGEN’s parameters for temperature, solar radiation, etc. were in most cases directly calculated according to the original global datasets. Cross-validation for estimated precipitation parameters quantified errors that resulted from applying the estimation approach in a predictive fashion. based on all training data, the RMSE was 2.23 mm for the estimated monthly average single-event accumulation and 4.70 mm/hr for monthly maximum 30-min intensity. This dataset facilitates exploration of hydrological and soil erosional hypotheses across Africa and South America.

关键词： Climate CLIGEN Africa South America

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Diabetes, Allopathic and Alternative Methods (Kombucha) for Its Treatment

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2022年第4期12卷 187-203页

作者： guillermo Nolasco-Rodríguez Laura esmeralda Ordaz-Castro esther Albarrán-Rodríguez Lucia García-delgado Jacinto bañuelos-Pineda Manuel Rosales-Cortés department of Veterinary Medicine University Science Center Biological and Agricultural Zapopan Mexico

Introduction: Diabetes is a disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose due to disorders in insulin production, this disease is widely distributed throughout the world. Objective: to review and systematize the general information on diabetes, as well as the traditional treatments and the findings on kombucha as an alternative method. Method: the information retrieval technique or literature review was used on the topics of diabetes, allopathic methods, kombucha, preparation procedures, chemical and microbiological components and pharmacological effects of the drink. Results: Various sources of information were found that explain the definition of diabetes and its classification. it commonly presents in four ways depending on the signs, the common ones being type 1, associated with destruction of the β cells of the pancreas and mainly affects minors, and type 2, which is related to genetic and environmental problems and It affects people over 18 years of age, and less frequently gestational diabetes and MODY type. Traditional drugs such as sulfonylureas, glinides and biguanides, thiazolidinediones and α-glucosidase inhibitors are used to control this disease, or alternative therapies are used such as kombucha, a fermented beverage that has its origins in China and is spread worldwide by its beneficial effects in chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, due to its chemical and microbiological content. Conclusion: The information establishes important data on kombucha as one of the complementary alternatives for the treatment of diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Alternative Medicine Kombucha Traditional Medicine Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Effect of Kombucha and Its Non-Polar Components on Morphological Aspects of the Pancreas of Diabetic Rats with Streptozotocin

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2022年第12期12卷 201-217页

作者： guillermo Nolasco-Rodríguez Rubén González-Valadez Lucia García-delgado esther Albarrán-Rodríguez José Ricardo Cuellar-Pérez Jacinto bañuelos-Pineda Manuel Rosales-Cortés University Center Biological and Agricultural Sciences University of Guadalajara Zapopan México department of Veterinary Medicine University Center of Biological and Agricultural Sciences University of Guadalajara Zapopan México

Objective: to evaluate the protective effect of kombucha and its components not polar, in pancreas of diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin. Material and methods: ninety-six male Wistar rats of 120 to 170 g of PC were used;four groups of 24 animals were formed: control (GC), control treatment (GCTx), kombucha treatment (GTxK) and treatment with non-polar components of kombucha (GTxCNP). Diabetes was induced in the last three groups with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 65 mg/kg BW. At the same time, treatment was started in the different groups;GC and GCTx groups were administered, orally, 1 ml of sterile saline solution;to the GTxK group 324 mg/kg of kombucha;and to GTxCNP 0.006 mg/kg of the non-polar components. For the histopathological study, pancreas samples were obtained on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 and fixed in formalin. They were processed with the histological technique, 5-micron-thick sections were made and stained with the hematoxylin-eosin technique. Finally, the number of islets of Langerhans per field observed with the 10x objective was quantified. The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p Results: Significant changes in the number of islets were observed in histological sections of the pancreas. The groups treated with streptozotocin showed a significant decrease in the number of islets 7 days after starting treatment;Likewise, their number was lower in the GCTx group compared to the GTxK and GTxCNP groups (p ≤ 0.05). At 14 and 21 days, the lowest number of islets was maintained, although only in the GCTx and GTxK groups (p ≤ 0.05). Streptozotocin is a drug that can be used in rats to induce an experimental model of diabetes with an effect that can last up to 21 days. Conclusions: This fermented beverage and its non-polar components can be a complementary treatment alternative for diabetes mellitus, since it prevents further damage to the β cells of the pancreas and the Islets of Langerh

关键词： Diabetes Kombucha Rats Streptozotocin Non-Polar Components of Kombucha

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Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics as Candidates on the development of Morphing Winglets in Aircrafts

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2018年第1期8卷 32-42页

作者： Kevin Jiménez guillermo Herrera Universidad Politécnica de Chihuahua Av.Téofilo Borunda No.13200 Col.Labor de Terrazas31220ChihuahuaChih.México Cátedras CONACYT assigned to Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados Miguel de Cervantes 120Complejo Industrial31136 ChihuahuaChih.México

In this paper we discussed the development of a morphing wingtip device or winglet for *** aim of this research is enhancing the aerodynamic of aircrafts,by optimizing the winglet shape,angle and torsion,to reduce wingtip vortices at each flight stage,reduce drag,fuel consumption and increase its *** development of a working physical wingtip device with morphing functionality,is possible by using piezoelectric MFCs(Macro Fiber Composites)as actuators in wing *** to their excellent properties like flexibility,light weight,tolerant to damage and long term stability MFC fit most of the requirements and specifications of morphing ***,they are based on the toxic compound of PbZrxTi1-xO3(PZT).Lead-free materials can replace lead based ***,other aim of this inquiry is the development of piezoelectric lead-free compounds based on the solid solution ba1-xCaxTi0.9Zr0.1O3(BCZT)with x=0.1,0.125,*** reason for choosing these compositions is because BZCT compounds could reach a piezoelectricity coefficient d33~400 pC/*** value is comparable with commercial PZT,therefore it is a great candidate to replace it.

关键词： Piezoelectric morphing plane MFCs vortices winglet.

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