This study investigates the biofilm formation, presence and distribution of virulence genes and the capacity to induce an inflammatory response in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples in Bahia, ...
详细信息
This study investigates the biofilm formation, presence and distribution of virulence genes and the capacity to induce an inflammatory response in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk samples in Bahia, Brazil. A total of 132 samples of raw milk were collected from four dairy farms (designated A to D) located in southwestern Bahia, in the municipality of Vitória da Conquista, from October/2009 to September/2010. After processing of the samples, 94 (71.2%) S. aureus isolates were obtained. These strains were subjected to the antibiogram method MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration). As for the pathogenicity, tests were performedin vitrobiofilm formation induced by glucose. Moreover, we performed PCR for their virulence genes: sea (enterotoxin A), seb (B), sec (C), pvl (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin), clfA (Clumping Factor A) and spa (protein A) and analysis of cytokine induction in the inflammatory response of J774 macrophages by exocellular lipoteichoic acid. No isolates were resistant to oxacillin and vancomycin. In biofilm production, 5.31% (5/94) isolates did not produce biofilm, 5.31% (5/94) of the samples were poor producers, 15.96% (15/94) strains were moderate producers, 18.09% (17/94) were producers and 55.32% (55/94) of isolates were strong biofilm producers. One (1.06%) isolate expressed the seb gene, one (1.06%) sec, 18 (19.2%) cflA and 44 (46.8%) had spa. There was no expression of sea and pvl between isolates analyzed. The analysis of cytokine induction in the inflammatory response did not show statistical difference in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 induction. However, there was statistical difference in IL-1 induction between isolates from different farms. Thus, it appears that the results obtained in this study show significant effects for the region studied, since it is an important dairy region, hence the need for further studies, with the intent of attracting funding that contributes to improving prevention and control in both dai
Background: Skin reactions and musculoskeletal injuries caused by intramuscular injection are an increased risk for skin and soft tissue infections and may culminate in sepsis. Objective: To describe the history of an...
详细信息
Background: Skin reactions and musculoskeletal injuries caused by intramuscular injection are an increased risk for skin and soft tissue infections and may culminate in sepsis. Objective: To describe the history of an elderly patient who developed a lesion in her right arm after home administration of intramuscular iron injection in this arm and its outcome. Methods: This is a case report of a patient who participated in a study in an intensive care unit. Results: This study describes a 65-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities who was admitted to the hospital complaining of pain for two months and difficulty in moving her right shoulder associated with skin and soft tissue infections in her right arm after intramuscular iron administration by a relative for the treatment of multifactorial anemia and refractory melena. The patient worsened her general condition and was transferred to the intensive care unit. Despite the therapy instituted, the patient developed sepsis of cutaneous origin, multiple organ dysfunction, and death. Conclusions: The administration of intramuscular medication requires the participation of qualified professionals, such as nurses, mainly within the scope of the Brazilian public health system which commonly comprises patients in a context of vulnerability.
The concern in mitigating the negative impact generated by the discharge of nutrients in the receiving water body is a challenge for the sustainable development of Brazilian fish farms. Thus, the purpose of this study...
详细信息
The concern in mitigating the negative impact generated by the discharge of nutrients in the receiving water body is a challenge for the sustainable development of Brazilian fish farms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the water quality and environmental impact caused by trout farming system effluent with focus on discharge of phosphorus. Sampling was performed on a weekly basis in triplicate from September to November 2010. Sample sites were distributed according to the water flow: upstream from trout farming system, water supply, effluent, artificial wetland, mixing zone and downstream (60 m from effluent). In the field, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and turbidity were measured. In laboratory, nitrogen and phosphorus series, chlorophyll a, total solids suspended and their organic and inorganic fractions were analyzed. For the good growth of trout in production system, the abiotic factors described in the water quality monitoring demonstrated acceptable values. Environmentally, after passing through the production system and artificial wetland, there was an increase in concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, ammonium, chlorophyll a, total solids suspended and their organic and inorganic fractions (P < 0.05). These results are related with the quality of feed, feeding management and the inefficiency of the artificial wetland. Therefore, it is necessary to use best quality feed to meet the nutritional requirements of trout, maintaining an optimal feed conversion and reducing pollution generated by effluent.
暂无评论