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A New Method with High Confidence for.Validation of Computer.Simulation Models of Flight Systems

Jour.al of Systems Engineer.ng and Electr.nics 1993年第4期4卷 43-52页

作者： Zhou XianminShanghai r.sear.h & Development Centr., 412 guil in r.ad, Shanghai 200233, P.r.China Shanghai r.sear.h & Development Centr. 412 Guil in Road Shanghai 200233 P.R. China

Computer.simulation models may by used to gain fur.her.infor.ation about missile per.or.ance var.ability. Model validation is an impor.ant aspect of the test pr.gr.m for.a missile system. Validation pr.vides a basis for.confidence in the model's r.sults and is a necessar. step if the model is to be used to dr.w infer.nce about the behavior.of the r.al missile. This paper.is a r.view of methods useful for.validation of computer.simulation models of missile systems and pr.vides a new method with high degr.e of confidence for.validation of computer.simulation models of missile systems. Some examples of the use of the new method in validating computer.simulation models ar. given.

关键词： Model validation Model cr.dibility Simulation modeling System simulation.

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Do supplemental per.hes influence electr.cution r.sk for.diur.al r.ptor.?

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Avian r.sear.h 2020年第2期11卷 139-149页

作者： r.ber.o Sánchez Javier.Sánchez Javier.Or.a Fr.ncisco guil Fundación CBD-Hábitat C/Gustavo Fernández Balbuena28002 MadridSpain Tr.gsa Gr.up C/Conde de Peñalver8428006 MadridSpain Boscaje S.L. Plaza Conde de Cheste540001 SegoviaSpain Ministr. for.the Ecological Tr.nsition and the Demogr.phic Challenge Plaza San Juan de la CruzS/N28071 MadridSpain

Backgr.und:Power.lines ar. amongst the main causes of mor.ality for.bir.s *** dr.ves the population dynamics of sever.l thr.atened species of r.ptor.,at local and global *** the many solutions that have been tested to minimize this thr.at ar. supplemental per.hes;however.their.efficiency has r.r.ly been ***:We designed 43 tr.nsects in 4 distr.cts in mainland Por.ugal to gather.data fr.m bir.s per.hing on pylons with or.without supplemental *** 2015 to 2018,tr.nsects wer. sur.eyed by car.at least *** analyzed the factor. dr.ving the use of these supplemental per.hes,and we analyzed if ther. wer. differ.nces in the per.eived r.sk(calculated fr.m measur.ments and not fr.m field sur.eys)depending on whether.the per.hing was on pylons with or.without supplemental ***:We r.cor.ed 548 per.hes of 14 *** conditions seemed to play a r.le in bir.s’choice of pylons with supplemental per.hes ver.us pylons without supplemental *** also indicated a str.ng influence of obser.ational *** use of models showed us an impor.ant specific effect in the selection of supplemental per.hes wher. available:ther. ar. some species with a gr.ater.tendency to per.h on supplemental per.hes,even when they use both pylons with and without supplemental *** most of the analyzed species and species gr.ups,per.eived r.sk was higher.in pylons without supplemental per.hes compar.d to pylons with supplemental per.hes,but ther. wer. differ.nces between ***:Supplemental per.hes may be a useful and efficient tool for.mitigating r.ptor.***,ther. ar. many influential factor. affecting their.success,and their.effectiveness with differ.nt species gr.ups is not *** studies show higher.electr.cution r.tes for.cer.ain species and devices and thus,their.efficacy must be *** pr.pose a two-step validation pr.cess,fir.t in contr.lled conditions and then in the