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Collisionless shock acceleration of protons in a plasma slab produced in a gas jet by the collision of two laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves

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matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第2期9卷 12-25页

作者： j.-R.marquès L.Lancia P.Loiseau P.Forestier-Colleoni m.Tarisien E.Atukpor V.Bagnoud C.Brabetz F.Consoli j.Domange F.Hannachi P.Nicolaï m.Salvadori B.Zielbauer LULI CNRSÉcole PolytechniqueCEASorbonne UniversitéInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance CEA DAMDIF91297 Arpajon CedexFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance CENBG CNRS-IN2P3Universitéde Bordeaux33175 Gradignan CedexFrance GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Planckstraße 164291 DarmstadtGermany University of Darmstadt Schloßgartenstr.764289 DarmstadtGermany ENEA Fusion and Technologies for Nuclear Safety Department C.R.FrascatiVia Enrico Fermi 45FrascatiRomeItaly CELIA Universitéde Bordeaux–CNRS–CEA33405 TalenceFrance UniversitéParis-Saclay CEALIDYL91191 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance

We have recently proposed a new technique of plasma tailoring by laser-driven hydrodynamic shockwaves generated on both sides of a gas jet[marquès et al.,*** 28,023103(2021)].In a continuation of this numerical work,we study experimentally the influence of the tailoring on proton acceleration driven by a high-intensity picosecond laser in three cases:without tailoring,by tailoring only the entrance side of the picosecond laser,and by tailoring both sides of the gas *** tailoring,the acceleration is transverse to the laser axis,with a low-energy exponential spectrum,produced by Coulomb *** the front side of the gas jet is tailored,a forward acceleration appears,which is significantly enhanced when both the front and back sides of the plasma are *** forward acceleration produces higher-energy protons,with a peaked spectrum,and is in good agreement with the mechanism of collisionless shock acceleration(CSA).The spatiotemporal evolution of the plasma profile is characterized by optical shadowgraphy of a probe *** refraction and absorption of this beam are simulated by post-processing 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma *** with the experimental results allows estimation of the thickness and near-critical density of the plasma slab produced by tailoring both sides of the gas *** parameters are in good agreement with those required for CSA.

关键词： acceleration hydrodynamic collision

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Primary and Secondary microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya martha j. m. Wells Katherine Y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

关键词： microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution mitigation Regulatory Framework

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Clinical-based phenotypes in children with pediatric post-COVID-19 condition

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World journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 682-691页

作者： Lieke C.E.Noij jelle m.Blankestijn Coen R.Lap marlies A.van Houten Giske Biesbroek Anke-Hilse maitland-van der Zee mahmoud I.Abdel-Aziz johannes B.van Goudoever mattijs W.Alsem Caroline L.H.Brackel Kim j.Oostrom Simone Hashimoto Suzanne W.j.Terheggen-Lagro Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Amsterdam UMCLocation AMCEmma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterRoom G2-222Meibergdreef 91105AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Pulmonary medicine Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Spaarne GasthuisHoofddorpThe Netherlands Department of Pediatrics Emma Children’s HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Rehabilitation medicine Amsterdam Movement SciencesMeibergdreef 9AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Paediatric Pulmonology Department of PaediatricsTergooi MCHilversumThe Netherlands Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care Amsterdam UMCAmsterdam Reproduction and DevelopmentAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background Pediatric post coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)condition(PPCC)is a heterogeneous syndrome,which can significantly affect the daily lives of *** study aimed to identify clinically meaningful phenotypes in children with PPCC,to better characterize and treat this *** Participants were children with physician-diagnosed PPCC,referred to the academic hospital Amsterdam UmC in the Netherlands between November 2021 and march *** factors and information on post-COVID symptoms,comorbidities,and impact on daily life were *** clusters were identified using an unsupervised and unbiased approach for mixed data *** Analysis of 111 patients(aged 3–18 years)revealed three distinct clusters within *** 1(n=62,median age=15 years)predominantly consisted of girls(74.2%).These patients suffered relatively more from exercise intolerance,dyspnea,and smell *** 2(n=33,median age=13 years)contained patients with an even gender distribution(51.5%girls).They suffered from relatively more sleep problems,memory loss,gastrointestinal symptoms,and *** 3(n=16,median age=11 years)had a higher proportion of boys(75.0%),suffered relatively more from fever,had significantly fewer symptoms(median of 5 symptoms compared to 8 and 10 for clusters 1 and 2 respectively),and experienced a lower impact on daily *** This study identified three distinct clinical PPCC phenotypes,with variations in sex,age,symptom patterns,and impact on daily *** findings highlight the need for further research to understand the potentially diverse underlying mechanisms contributing to post-COVID symptoms in children.

关键词： Adolescents Clusters Long COVID Pediatric Phenotypes Post-COVID syndrome

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Piezo1 expression in chondrocytes controls endochondral ossification and osteoarthritis development

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 199-214页

作者： Laura j.Brylka Assil-Ramin Alimy miriam E.A.Tschaffon-müller Shan jiang Tobias malte Ballhause Anke Baranowsky Simon von Kroge julian Delsmann Eva Pawlus Kian Eghbalian Klaus Püschel Astrid Schoppa melanie Haffner-Luntzer David j.Beech Frank Timo Beil michael Amling johannes Keller Anita Ignatius Timur A.Yorgan Tim Rolvien Thorsten Schinke Department of Osteology and Biomechanics University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics University Medical Center UlmBadenWürttemberg89081 UlmGermany Department Legal medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and metabolic medicine School of MedicineUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUK

Piezo proteins are mechanically activated ion channels,which are required for mechanosensing functions in a variety of cell *** we and others have previously demonstrated that the expression of Piezo1 in osteoblast lineage cells is essential for boneanabolic processes,there was only suggestive evidence indicating a role of Piezo1 and/or Piezo2 in *** we addressed the question if and how chondrocyte expression of the mechanosensitive proteins Piezo1 or Piezo2 controls physiological endochondral ossification and pathological osteoarthritis(OA)*** with chondrocyte-specific inactivation of Piezo1(Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre)),but not of Piezo2,developed a near absence of trabecular bone below the chondrogenic growth plate ***,all Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) animals displayed multiple fractures of rib bones at 7 days of age,which were located close to the growth *** skeletal growth was only mildly affected in these mice,OA pathologies were markedly less pronounced compared to littermate controls at 60 weeks of ***,when OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection,only the chondrocyte inactivation of Piezo1,not of Piezo2,resulted in attenuated articular cartilage ***,osteophyte formation and maturation were also reduced in Piezo1^(Col2a1Cre) *** further observed increased Piezo1 protein abundance in cartilaginous zones of human ***,we identified Ptgs2 and Ccn2 as potentially relevant Piezo1 downstream genes in ***,our data do not only demonstrate that Piezo1 is a critical regulator of physiological and pathological endochondral ossification processes,but also suggest that Piezo1 antagonists may be established as a novel approach to limit osteophyte formation in OA.

关键词： Piezo1 markedly ossification

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There is life after coking for Ir nanocatalyst superlattices

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 6969-6976页

作者： Antonio j.m.rtínez-Galera Haojie Guo mariano D.jiménez-Sánchez Stefano Franchi Kevin C.Prince josé m.Gómez-Rodríguez Departamento de Física de la materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Instituto Nicolás Cabrera Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. in Area Science ParkBasovizza(Trieste)34149Italy Condensed matter Physics Center(IFImAC) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid E-28049Spain

Achieving superior performance of nanoparticle systems is one of the biggest challenges in *** major phenomena,occurring during the reactions,hinder the development of the full potential of nanoparticle catalysts:sintering and contamination with carbon containing species,sometimes called ***,we demonstrate that Ir nanocrystals,arranged into periodic networks on hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)supports,can be restored without sintering after contamination by persistent *** restoration yields the complete removal of carbon from the nanocrystals,which keep their crystalline structure,allowing operation without *** findings,together with the possibility of fine tuning the nanocrystals size,confer this nanoparticle system a great potential as a testbed to extract key information about catalysis-mediated oxidation *** the case of the CO oxidation by O2,reaction of interest in environmental science and green energy production,the existence of chemical processes not observed before in other nanoparticle systems is demonstrated.

关键词： catalysis coke nanoparticles scanning tunneling microscopy(STm) X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XPS)

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： matthew D.Geiger Anne m.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher Richard S.Davidson michael j.Taravella Naresh mandava jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIm:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract ***:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado School of *** collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the ***:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the *** comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for *** had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer *** were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of Snellen equivalent 20/***:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for ***,observed surgical complicatio

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander m.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick mark K.Schutze mark j.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARmS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARmS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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Impact of different intravenous bolus rates on fluid and electrolyte balance and mortality in critically ill patients

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World journal of Critical Care medicine 2024年第3期13卷 17-24页

作者： mutaz I Othman Emad m mustafa moayad Alfayoumi mohamad Y Khatib Abdulqadir j Nashwan Department of Nursing Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Pharmacy Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar Department of Critical Care Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

The effect of intravenous bolus rates on patient outcomes is a complex and crucial aspect of critical *** challenges are commonly used in critically ill patients to manage their hemodynamic status,but there is limited information available on the specifics of when,how much,and at what rate fluids should be administered during these *** aim of this review is to thoroughly examine the relationship between intravenous bolus rates,fluid-electrolyte balance,and mortality and to analyze key research findings and methodologies to understand these complex dynamics *** challenges are commonly employed in managing hemodynamic status in this population,yet there is limited information on the optimal timing,volume,and rate of fluid *** a narrative review approach,the analysis identified nine relevant studies that investigate these *** findings underscore the importance of a precise and individualized approach in clinical settings,highlighting the need to tailor intravenous bolus rates to each patient's specific needs to maximize *** review provides valuable insights that can inform and optimize clinical practices in critical care,emphasizing the necessity of meticulous and exact strategies in fluid administration.

关键词： Fluid balance Fluid resuscitation Intensive care unit Precision medicine mortality

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Evaluating for unrecognized deficits in perimetry associated with functional upper eyelid malposition

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第1期4卷 39-44页

作者： Linyan Wang Davin C.Ashraf michael Deiner Oluwatobi O.Idowu Seanna R.Grob Bryan j.Winn m Reza Vagefi Robert C.Kersten Department of Ophthalmology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina Department of Ophthalmology University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA Department of Ophthalmology Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandUSA Department of Ophthalmology Tufts Medical CenterBostonUSA Department of Ophthalmology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA

Objective:To investigate whether functional upper eyelid malposition is associated with unrecognized deficits in automated perimetry among glaucoma patients by examining patients undergoing eyelid surgery who had not been identified as requiring eyelid taping during glaucoma field ***:In this retrospective pre-post study,an automated database search followed by manual chart review was used to identify eligible patients from january 2012 to march *** patients had reliable visual field testing within two years before and after functional upper blepharoplasty or ptosis repair and no comorbid ocular *** part of routine practice,glaucoma visual field technicians taped patients with pupil-obstructing eyelid malposition;taped examinations were excluded from *** and demographic characteristics,mean deviation,and pattern standard deviation were evaluated within a two year period before and after eyelid ***:The final analysis included 60 eyes of 38 *** in visual field parameters after eyelid surgery did not reach statistical significance in crude or adjusted *** patients with ptosis,the margin reflex distance-1 was not associated with change in mean deviation after surgery(Pearson R2=0.0061;P=0.700).Five of 17 eyes excluded from analysis due to unreliable pre-operative visual fields demonstrated substantial improvement after ***:Functional upper eyelid malposition does not appear to cause spurious visual field abnormalities among glaucoma patients with reliable visual fields who were determined not to require eyelid taping at the time of their visual *** visual fields could be a sign of eyelid interference in this population.

关键词： Visual field Ptosis Dermatochalasis Glaucoma Perimetry Visually significant

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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann mary Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira john m.Schuna jr. Zhenghua Cai minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy j.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity Research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(mET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(Pubmed,Embase,SPOrtDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(mET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding mET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium mET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for more accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find mET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise mET Older adults

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