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Increase in Organochlorine Contaminant Levels in Major Water Sources of the United States in Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 111-143页

作者： Wendy Wilburn Sujata guha Ryan Beni Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Organochlorine contaminants, such as triclosan (TCS), are present in major water sources across the United States. These antimicrobial compounds are widely used as multipurpose ingredients in everyday consumer products. They can be ingested or absorbed through the skin and are found in human blood, breast milk, and urine samples. Studies have shown that the increased use of antimicrobial agents leads to their presence and persistence in the ecosystem, particularly in soil and watersheds. Many studies have highlighted emerging concerns associated with the overuse of TCS, including dermal irritations, a higher incidence of antibacterial-related allergies, microbial resistance, disruptions in the endocrine system, altered thyroid hormone activity, metabolism, and tumor metastasis and growth. Organochlorine contaminant exposures play a role in inflammatory responsiveness, and any unwarranted innate response could lead to adverse outcomes. The capacity of TCS and other organochlorine contaminants to induce inflammation, resulting in persistent and chronic inflammation, is linked to various pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease and several types of cancers. Chronic inflammation presents a severe consequence of exposure to these antimicrobial agents, as any changes could result in the loss of immune competence. Organochlorine contaminant levels were established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2019-2020 and have consistently increased in response to the novel coronavirus (nCoV) (COVID-19) pandemic. Our previous research examined the overuse of products containing triclosan (TCS), which led to an increase in total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels affecting the quality of our water supply. We also investigated the impact of the FDA ban that now requires pre-market approval. To comprehend the consequences of excessive antimicrobial use on water quality, we conducted an analysis of the levels of total trichloromethane (chloroform), a byproduct of

关键词： Organochlorine Contaminants Triclosan Trihalomethane Chloroform Water Quality

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Comparative Analysis of Chemical, Physical and Biological Contaminants in Drinking Water in Various Developed Countries around the World

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第8期12卷 714-728页

作者： Kaleh Karim Sujata guha Ryan Beni Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Sustaining a reliable and contaminant-free drinking water is becoming an increasing challenge worldwide due to human activity, industrial waste, and agricultural overuse. Surface water is the main source of drinking water around the world. However, groundwater is also becoming increasingly popular, due to its clarity and minimal need for processing to reduce turbidity. Over the years, the demand and growth in the agricultural industry has also been the means of groundwater contamination. Due to the health burden that raw water can pose, water must be processed and purified prior to consumption. Raw water quality can be compromised by physical, chemical (heavy metals and disinfection by-products), and biological contaminants. Biological contaminants can significantly impact immunocompromised populations, while chemical contaminants can impact the growth and development of young children. Although obtaining a steady and high-quality water flow to the general population is an increasing challenge, developed countries have utilized state-of-the-art technologies and techniques to provide contaminant-free water to their citizens. This research aims to provide information about the regulatory parameters, characteristics, and sources of safe drinking water in the world as a model for future use in the developing world. In this, secondary data was used to compare and contrast drinking water quality among countries in the European Union, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Singapore, New Zealand, Australia, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The data indicates that Ireland and the United Kingdom have relatively lower amounts of contaminants in their drinking water. Upon completing this research, it is recommended that countries desiring clean drinking water systems should initiate and invest in programs that control and protect treatment plants, water distribution systems, water sources, and catchments.

关键词： Potable Water Water Contaminants Drinking Water Lead Turbidity Water Quality Heavy Metals Disinfection By-Products Water Sources

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Total Trihalomethane Levels in Major Watersheds across the United States

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第6期8卷 1-14页

作者： Kaleh Karim Sujata guha Ryan Beni Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Trihalomethanes, such as chloroform, bromoform, dibromo(chloro)methane, and bromo(dichloro)methane, are present in the major watersheds across the United States. These chemicals play an important role in the development of cancer, have adverse reproductive outcomes, and were found to be present above the threshold established by the Environmental Protection Agency. To understand the impact of socioeconomic background on the quality of water and possible disparities, we have analyzed the levels of total trihalomethanes in the metropolitan areas in the major watersheds across the United States, in 2018, as they correlated to average household incomes. Our study found that Arkansas, Nevada, and Rhode Island demonstrated higher than federally mandated levels of total trihalomethanes in their watersheds. The median annual household and per capita incomes of the three states (Arkansas, Nevada, and Rhode Island) were lower than the national average. In addition, Delaware, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin, which had higher median income levels, demonstrated the lowest total trihalomethane levels across the United States.

关键词： Total Trihalomethanes Contaminants Watersheds Household Income Income per Capita Environmental Justice Chlorination

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Thermal cycling behavior of alumina-graphite brazed joints in electron tube applications

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2014年第6期24卷 1666-1673页

作者： Nadadulal DANDAPAT Sumana GHOSH Kalyan Sundar PAL Someswar DATTA Bichitra Kumar guha Central Glass&Ceramic Research Institute Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Department of Physics Bengal Engineering&Science University Institute for Plasma Research

Alumina was joined with graphite by active metal brazing technique at 895,900,905,and 910 ℃ for 10 min in vacuum of0.67 mPa using Ti-Cu-Ag（68.8Ag-26.7Cu-4.5Ti;mass fraction,%） as filler *** brazed samples were thermal cycled between 30 and 600 ℃ and characterized.X-ray diffraction results show strong reaction between titanium and carbon as well as titanium and *** electron microscopy and helium leak tests show that the initial and thermal cycled brazed samples are devoid of cracks or anv other defects and hermeticity in *** strength of the joints is found to be satisfactory.

关键词： brazed joints thermal cycling brazing strength hermeticity

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Radioactive Contaminants in U.S. Drinking Water and Water Quality Disparities

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第11期8卷 238-251页

作者： Kaleh Karim Sujata guha Ryan Beni Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Radioactive contaminants, such as radium, radon, and uranium isotopes are naturally present in drinking water, and gas and oil extraction like hydraulic fracturing can exasperate radionuclide leakage into groundwater. The concentration of radionuclide in drinking water is dependent upon the water source and the underlying lithology within the aquifers. In United States, the Environmental Protection Agency regulates the level of radioactivity in drinking water via the gross alpha test, which is conducted to measure the emitted alpha particles as a result of the radioactive elements’ natural decay. Radionuclides, such as radium and uranium, are known to cause bone cancer and other forms of cancer. Communities with crippling water purification infrastructure may be at a higher risk of being exposed to radionuclides, and this is a significant environmental justice concern. The radionuclide concentrations for the metropolitan or most populated city in each state in the United States and its territories (Puerto Rico, US Virgin Islands and Guam) were analyzed and correlated to the annual household income, to determine any disparities that maybe present. Lower income communities had elevated levels of radionuclides when compared to higher income communities which had lower frequency in elevated radionuclide contaminants.

关键词： Radioactive Contaminants Household Income Income Per Capita Environmental Justice Water Quality Radionuclides Radium Uranium Radon Cancer

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Drinking Water Disparities in Tennessee: The Origins and Effects of Toxic Heavy Metals

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第6期7卷 135-146页

作者： Ryan Beni Sujata guha Shwan Hawrami Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

Several toxic metals, commonly present in drinking water, are believed to play important roles in the development of cancerous tumors. Although the US Safe Drinking Water Act requires drinking water to meet health standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency, violations occur regularly. In this study, we have investigated the role of the two predominant toxic heavy metals identified in the drinking water sources in Tennessee: copper and lead. We have analyzed the levels of copper and lead, as well as the total water hardness among different counties of Tennessee, with different socioeconomic backgrounds. We determined that the effects of lead and copper in drinking water were random, although counties with typically lower average household incomes typically had higher levels of the metals. The contaminant levels were found to remain below the threshold established by the Environmental Protection Agency and the State of Tennessee. Water from the Cumberland River was harder than water obtained from other rivers in Tennessee. Furthermore, the total hardness of water did not correlate with the average household income of the various counties.

关键词： Drinking Water Water Safety Environmental Justice Water Contaminants Toxic Metals Copper Lead

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Pediatric thermal burn injury:A retrospective analysis from pediatric care institutes,Eastern India

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Journal of Integrative Nursing 2023年第2期5卷 108-114页

作者： Kartik Chandra MANDAL Sourav ROY Pankaj Kumar HALDER Partha CHAKRABORTY L.NEILASANO Debasree guha Department of Pediatric Surgery Dr.B.C.Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric SciencesKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pediatric Surgery R.G.Kar Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of General Surgery R.G.Kar Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pediatric Medicine R.G.Kar Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia

Objective:Pediatric burns pose difficult healthcare issues in underdeveloped *** to the scarcity of pediatric burn care facilities and qualified burn‑care staff,patients are frequently referred from a rural *** study explores the burn‑treatment approach that could be used in rural hospitals in the absence of a dedicated pediatric burn care *** and Methods:A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 199 children who received treatment for burn‑injury in an isolated general surgical *** debridement under anesthesia at the earliest was the cornerstone of the treatment plan for this *** the wounds healed,the treatment was repeated every alternate *** patient’s demographic data,number of surgical dressings,length of hospital stay,and outcome were ***:The mean age of the patients was 51.68±23.79 *** male‑female ratio was 1.45:*** survival rate was 99.00%.The disability rate was 4.52%.Univariate logistic regression identified the age group,total body surface area affected,depth of the wound,and time of intervention as statistically significant variables(P<0.05)predicting the *** logistic regression identified the time intervals between surgical intervention and injury as an important predictor of *** addition,delayed presentation and delayed intervention led to a longer hospital stay,and more interventions than the early intervention ***:Early debridement accelerates recovery and lessens the need for future skin grafts or contracture *** approach can be used in rural hospitals as well because pediatric burns can be manageable in an isolated general ward.

关键词： Anesthesia burn cleaning closed debridement dehydration hypothermia paraffin oil pediatric

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A Study on the Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Ageing Workforce of Indian Construction Industry

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Journal of Geriatric Medicine 2021年第1期3卷 21-25页

作者： Arundhati guha Thakurta Rauf Iqbal SVKM'S Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies School of DesignMumbaiIndia National Institute of Industrial Engineering NITIEMumbaiIndia

Ageing work force is one of the leading causes behind the depletion in the growth rate of the labor force in construction *** industry is a paramount source of employment worldwide after agricultural industry explicitly in urban *** material handling in construction industries causes musculoskeletal disorders affecting both upper and lower extremities of the *** on lower limb problems due to dynamic work like handling of heavy loads in construction industries are *** analyze the level of exertion,ergonomics risk factors and the prevalence of work-related lower limb disorders among the young and elderly construction workforce.20 male construction workers in the age group of i)20 to 30 years(golden age group);ii)50 years and above were selected from a local construction site in *** data like age,height,weight,BMI,body fat,waist hip ratio and risk assessment by questionnaires study comprising QEC,NMQ,VAS,and LEFS were *** to the golden age group,the elderly subjects were found to feel more discomfort in their lower back,knee and calf regions of lower limb due to immoderate forces and motions tolerated by their lower limbs during their daily *** pliability and proper coordination diminishes with age and it is appearing to be the most probable reason behind the pain experienced in their lower limbs might be due to improper techniques and *** elderly workers,age related limitations become an additional factor to maintain their normal work-life.

关键词： Ageing Construction Musculoskeletal disorder Manual material handling

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The Effect of Trihalomethanes in Contaminating the Major Watersheds of Middle Tennessee

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Natural Science 2019年第7期11卷 233-245页

作者： Sujata guha Paige Harlin Ryan Beni Department of Chemistry Tennessee State University Nashville TN USA

We have analyzed the contamination of the three major watersheds in Middle Tennessee (Middle Cumberland River Watershed, Stones River Watershed, and Harpeth River Watershed) by trihalomethanes, such as chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. These chemicals play an important role in the develop-ment of cancer and adverse reproductive outcomes, and were found to be present above the threshold established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Certain portions of each watershed were found to be contaminated by the trihalomethanes, and deemed un-healthy. The household incomes in the major areas in the three watershed regions were also examined to determine a possible relationship with the level of water contamination. We concluded that income did not necessarily relate to water quality. Specific areas within each watershed that had lower average household incomes were found to have a higher concentration of the trihalomethanes in their drinking water, while other high-income areas were also affected by unhealthy water. However, these effects were random, and the level of contamination remained below the guidelines regulated by the State of Tennessee.

关键词： Middle Tennessee Watersheds Trihalomethanes Contaminants Carcinogens

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山东玲珑金矿的成矿流体特征

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地球化学 1999年第5期28卷 421-437页

作者：卢焕章 J.guha 方根保 Sciencesdelaterre 中国科学院地球化学研究所贵阳550002 中国科学院地球化学研究所

山东省玲珑地区是中国最大的金矿区之一。玲珑花岗岩位于山东东部的前寒武纪地盾上，其中产有约几十个金矿和矿化点。这个地区的基底由一套太古宙麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩组成。玲珑花岗岩为片麻状黑云母花岗岩。其南缘是走向ＮＥ、倾向ＳＥ... 详细信息

山东省玲珑地区是中国最大的金矿区之一。玲珑花岗岩位于山东东部的前寒武纪地盾上，其中产有约几十个金矿和矿化点。这个地区的基底由一套太古宙麻粒岩和斜长角闪岩组成。玲珑花岗岩为片麻状黑云母花岗岩。其南缘是走向ＮＥ、倾向ＳＥ的破头青韧性剪切带。剪切带长数十千米，宽３００～８００ｍ，且在其左边衍生出呈雁行状排列的次一级脆韧性构造。这些断裂与剪切带有关，且为控矿断裂。金矿床分为东山、西山两个部分，各具有明显不同的特征。东山为受剪切带控制的网脉型（或蚀变岩型），西山则主要是产于脆韧性剪切带中的石英大脉型。其矿化可分为４个阶段：（１）乳白色石英黄铁矿阶段；（２）含金石英黄铁矿阶段；（３）含金多金属硫化物石英阶段；（４）碳酸盐阶段。矿石矿物为自然金及与黄铁矿和黄铜矿相关的银金矿。相关的蚀变主要有硅化、钾长石化、绢云母化及绿泥石化。这些蚀变都叠加在花岗质岩石的矿物组合之上。在玲珑金矿中发现了４种类型的包裹体：水溶液包裹体、Ｈ２ＯＣＯ２包裹体、ＣＯ２Ｈ２ＯＣＨ４包裹体和少量富ＣＯ２包裹体。其均一温度为１００～３８０ ℃，盐度（ｗＮａＣｌ）为４％～１９％，ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４有一定含量。δ３４Ｓ、δＤ?

关键词：成矿流体金矿床包裹体山东省

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