检索结果-南通市图书馆

Pragmatic turn in biology: From biological molecules to genetic content operators

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 279-285页

作者： guenther witzany Telos-Philosophische Praxis

Erwin Schrdinger‘s question "What is life?" received the answer for decades of "physics + chemistry". The concepts of Alain Turing and John von Neumann introduced a third term: "information". This led to the understanding of nucleic acid sequences as a natural code. Manfred Eigen adapted the concept of Hammings "sequence space". Similar to Hilbert space, in which every ontological entity could be defined by an unequivocal point in a mathematical axiomatic system, in the abstract "sequence space" concept each point represents a unique syntactic structure and the value of their separation represents their dissimilarity. In this concept molecular features of the genetic code evolve by means of self-organisation of matter. Biological selection determines the fittest types among varieties of replication errors of quasi-species. The quasi-species concept dominated evolution theory for many decades. In contrast to this, recent empirical data on the evolution of DNA and its forerunners, the RNA-world and viruses indicate cooperative agent-based interactions. Group behaviour of quasi-species consortia constitute de novo and arrange available genetic content for adaptational purposes within real-life contexts that determine epigenetic markings. This review focuses on some fundamental changes in biology, discarding its traditional status as a subdiscipline of physics and chemistry.

关键词： Life Information Quasi-species Incompleteness theorem Genetic content operators

Biocommunication and natural genome editing

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2010年第11期1卷 348-352页

作者： guenther witzany Telos-Philosophische Praxis Vogelsangstrasse 18cA-5111-BuermoosAustria

The biocommunicative approach investigates communication processes within and among cells,tissues,organs and organisms as sign-mediated interactions,and nucleotide sequences as code,***-like text,which follows in parallel three kinds of rules:combinatorial (syntactic),context-sensitive(pragmatic),and contentspecific(semantic).Natural genome editing from a bio-communicative perspective is competent agent-driven generation and integration of meaningful nucleotide sequences into pre-existing genomic content arrangements and the ability to(re-)combine and(re-)regulate them according to context-dependent(***) purposes of the host organism.

关键词： Biotic agents Signs Molecular syntax Communication Nucleotide sequence editing

Rethinking quasispecies theory: From fittest type to cooperative consortia

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013年第4期4卷 79-90页

作者： Luis P Villarreal guenther witzany Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry University of California Telos-Philosophische Praxis

Recent investigations surprisingly indicate that single RNA "stem-loops" operate solely by chemical laws that act without selective forces, and in contrast, self-ligated consortia of RNA stem-loops operate by biological selection. To understand consortial RNA selection, the concept of single quasi-species and its mutant spectra as drivers of RNA variation and evolution is rethought here. Instead, we evaluate the current RNA world scenario in which consortia of cooperating RNA stem-loops(not individuals) are the basic players. We thus redefine quasispecies as RNA quasispecies consortia(qs-c) and argue that it has essential behavioral motifs that are relevant to the inherent variation, evolution and diversity in biology. We propose that qs-c is an especially innovative force. We apply qs-c thinking to RNA stem-loops and evaluate how it yields altered bulges and loops in the stem-loop regions, not as errors, but as a natural capability to generate diversity. This basic competencenot error-opens a variety of combinatorial possibilities which may alter and create new biological interactions, identities and newly emerged self identity(immunity) functions. Thus RNA stem-loops typically operate as cooperative modules, like members of social groups. Fromsuch qs-c of stem-loop groups we can trace a variety of RNA secondary structures such as ribozymes, viroids, viruses, mobile genetic elements as abundant infection derived agents that provide the stem-loop societies of small and long non-coding RNAs.

关键词： Quasispecies RNA stem-loops Infectious agents Cooperative interactions Evolution

Life is more than a computer running DNA software

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第3期5卷 275-278页

作者： Frantiek Baluka guenther witzany IZMB University of Bonn Telos-Philosophische Praxis

In his recent interview for the Guardian Craig Venter is elaborating about a household appliance for the future, Digital Biological Converter(DBC). Current prototype, which can produce DNA, is a box attached to the computer which receives DNA sequences over the internet to synthesize DNA; later in future also viruses, proteins, and living cells. This would help the household members to produce, e.g., insulin, virus vaccines or phages that fight antibiotic resistant bacteria. In more distant future, Craig Venter's hope is that the DBC will generate living cells via so-called "Universal Recipient Cell". This platform will allow digitally transformed genomes, downloaded from the internet, to form new cells fitted for the particular needs such as therapeutics, food, fuel or cleaning water. In contrast to this, the authors propose that DNA sequences of genomes do not represent 1:1 depictions of unequivocal coding structures such as genes. In light of the variety of epigenetic markings, DNA can store a multitude of further meanings hidden under the superficial grammar of nucleic acid sequences.

关键词： DNA Genome Information Life Non-coding RNA Synthetic biology Virus

At the dawn of a new revolution in life sciences

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2013年第2期4卷 13-15页

作者： Frantiek Baluka guenther witzany IZMB University of Bonn Telos-Philosophische Praxis

In a recently published article Sydney Brenner argued that the most relevant scientific revolution in biology at his time was the breakthrough of the role of "information" in *** fundamental concept that integrates this new biological "information" with matter and energy is the universal Turing machine and von Neumann's self-reproducing *** this article we demonstrate that in contrast to Turing/von Neumann machines living cells can really reproduce *** current knowledge on the roles of noncoding RNAs indicates a radical violation of the central dogma of molecular biology and opens the way to a new revolution in life sciences.

关键词： History of science Paradigm shift Information Non-coding RNAs

Photoacoustic tomography reveals structural and functional cardiac images of animal models

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第2期12卷 153-155页

作者： guenther Paltauf Department of Physics University of GrazGrazAustria

Three-dimensional photoacoustic tomography synchronized with an electrocardiogram provides highly resolved images of a beating heart with optical absorption contrast and enables investigation of cardiovascular disease... 详细信息

关键词： cardiovascular diseases cardiac

Induction of ultra-morphological features of apoptosis in mature and immature sperm

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第5期19卷 533-537页

作者： Sonja Grunewald guenther Fitzl Christopher Springsguth Department of Dermatology Venerology and Allergology University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig Germany Institute of Anatomy University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany

There is a fundamental body of evidence suggesting that activated apoptosis signaling in ejaculated human sperm negatively influences their fertilization potential. However, it is still controversial whether this apoptotic signaling is a relic of an abortive apoptosis related to spermatogenesis or if it should be regarded as a functional preformed pathway in mature sperm leading to stereotypical morphological changes reflecting nuclear disassembly. To address this question, apoptosis was induced using betulinic acid in mature and immature ejaculated human sperm enriched by density gradient centrifugation. Execution of apoptosis was monitored by observing ultra-morphological changes via transmission electron microscopy. Typical morphological signs of apoptosis in somatic cells include plasma membrane blebbing with the formation of apoptotic bodies, impaired mitochondrial integrity, defects of the nuclear envelope, and nuclear fragmentation; these morphologies have also been observed in human sperm. In addition, these apoptotic characteristics were more frequent in immature sperm compared to mature sperm. Following betulinic acid treatment, apoptosis-related morphological changes were induced in mature sperm from healthy donors. This effect was much less pronounced in immature sperm. Moreover, in both fractions, the betulinic acid treatment increased the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm. The results of our ultra-morphological study prove the functional competence of apoptosis in mature ejaculated human sperm. The theory of a sole abortive process may be valid only for immature sperm. The induction of the acrosome reaction by stimulating apoptosis might shed light on the biological relevance of sperm apoptosis.

关键词： apoptosis electron microscopy human morphology sperm

Microwave-assisted combustion to produce benzene polycarboxylic acids as molecular markers for biochar identification and quantification

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Biochar 2021年第4期3卷 407-418页

作者： Bruno Glaser Marie guenther Heike Maennicke Tobias Bromm Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Soil BiogeochemistryMartin Luther University Halle-Wittenbergvon-Seckendorff-Platz 306120 HalleGermany

Biochar is a promising carbon dioxide removal(CDR)technology for climate change *** procedures for its determination are lengthy,labor-intensive,and difficult to *** polycarboxylic acids(BPCA)are the most promising molecular markers for identification and quantification of biochar and its quality as they specifically represent the stable polyaromatic backbone of ***,using the BPCA method,its stability and,thus,its C sequestration potential could be used for CDR *** current BPCA method relies on a specific high-pressure digestion apparatus,which is not available around the ***,the aims of the present work were(i)to compare the conventional high-pressure nitric acid oxidation with a microwave-assisted digestion technique and optimize the oxidation conditions in such a way that previous results are comparable with future ones,and(ii)to significantly reduce the digestion time of soil samples of 8 h and to develop a suitable routine method that produces comparable and reproducible *** this purpose,soil and control sample series were prepared for different *** results were compared with the values of the conventional method both for individual samples and for the whole dataset *** ensure the representative-ness of the results,in addition to various soil samples with different properties,we included two reference materials into our data set,one without biochar(wheat flour)and a biochar *** results showed that conventional nitric acid oxidation in the BPCA determination at 170°C and 8 h can be substituted by digestion in a microwave reaction system(CEM Mars6)at 190°C and 1 *** results further showed that this condition needs to be strictly matched,because,otherwise,over-or underestimation of biochar quantity and/or quality will be the *** goal of a less time-consuming BPCA extrac-tion from soil samples was achieved by reducing the extraction t

关键词： Biochar Black carbon Pyrogenic carbon Analysis Molecular marker Microwave-assisted combustion

Is the speed of adjusting to environmental change condition dependent?An experiment with house mice(Mus musculus)

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 350-360页

作者： Karem Lopez-Hervas Neelam Porwal Mathilde Delacoux Alexandros Vezyrakis Anja guenther RG Behavioural Ecology of Individual Differences Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology24306 PlönGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityWieniawskiego 161-712 PoznańPoland Department for Collective Behaviour Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour78464 ConstanceGermany Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz78464 ConstanceGermany Animal Ecology Institute for Biochemistry and BiologyUniversity of Potsdam14469 PotsdamGermany

Environmental conditions change constantly either by anthropogenic perturbation or naturally across space and ***,a change in behavior is the frst response to changing *** fexibility can potentially improve an organism’s chances to survive and ***,we lack an understanding on the time-scale such behavioral adjustments need,how they actually affect reproduction and survival and whether behavioral adjustments are suffcient in keeping up with changing *** used house mice(Mus musculus)to test whether personality and life-history traits can adjust to an experimentally induced food-switch fexibly in adulthood or by intergenerational plasticity,that is,adjustments only becoming visible in the offspring *** lived in 6 experimental populations of semi-natural environments either on high or standard quality food for 4 *** showed previously that high-quality food induced better conditions and a less risk-prone ***,we tested whether the speed and/or magnitude of adjustment shows condition-dependency and whether adjustments incur ftness ***-history but not personality traits reacted fexibly to a food-switch,primarily by a direct reduction of reproduction and sloweddown *** whose parents received a food-switch developed a more active stress-coping personality and gained weight at a slower rate compared with their respective ***,the modulation of most traits was condition-dependent,with animals previously fed with high-quality food showing stronger *** study highlights that life-history and personality traits adjust at different speed toward environmental change,thus,highlighting the importance of the environment and the mode of response for evolutionary models.

关键词： animal personality context dependence environmental change Match-mismatch non-genetic inheritance phenotypic flexibility phenotypic plasticity