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Immunoprophylaxis failure and vaccine response in infants born to mothers with chronic hepatitis B infection in Djibouti

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 1039-1050页

作者： Sahal Darar Dirir Ambroise D Ahouidi Aboubacry Drame Warsama Osman Abdi guelleh youssouf ka.a. Mohamed Houmed Aboubakar Makhtar Camara Coumba Toure kane Halimatou Diop Ndiaye Laboratoire Medical de la Caisse National de SécuritéSocial de Djibouti Caisse National de SécuritéSocial de DjiboutiDjibouti BP 696Senegal Parasitology Institut de Recherche en santéde Surveillanceépidémiologique et de FormationDakar 7325Senegal Ecole Doctoral UniversitéAlioune Diop de BambeyDakar 7325Senegal Department of Des Soins Caisse National de Securite SocialDjibouti 696Senegal Centre de Soin Caisse National de Securite SocialDjibouti 696Senegal Laboratoire Medical Mer Rouge Djibouti 99399Senegal Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Aristide le Dantec Laboratoire Bactériologie-Virologie-Hôpital Aristide le DantecDakar 7325Senegal Department of Virology Institut de Recherche en Santéde Surveillanceépidémiologique et de FormationDakar 7325Senegal Bacteriology and Virology Laboratory Le Dantec University Teaching HospitalDakar BP 7325Senegal

BACKGROUND In endemic areas,vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus(HBV)remains a major source of the global reservoir of infected *** mother-to-child transmission(MTCT)of HBV is at the heart of World Health Organization’s goal of reducing the incidence of HBV in children to less than 0.1%by *** screening for hepatitis B during pregnancy and neonatal vaccination are the main preventive *** To evaluate the efficacy of HBV vaccination combined with one dose of immunoglobulin in children born to hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)-positive mothers in Djibouti *** We conducted a study in a prospective cohort of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and their *** study ran from January 2021 to May 2022,and infants were followed up to 7 mo of *** serological markers and viral load in pregnant women were measured using aVidas microparticle enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(Biomérieux,Paris,France)and the automated Amplix platform(Biosynex,Strasbourg,France).All infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin and were vaccinated against HBV at *** infants were closely monitored to assess their seroprotective response and for failure of *** logistic regression was also used to identify risk factors associated with immunoprophylaxis failure and poor vaccine *** statistical analyses were performed with version 4.0.1 of the R *** Of the 50 pregnant women recruited,the median age was 31 years,ranging from 18 years to 41 *** MTCT rate in this cohort was 4%(2/50)in HBsAg-positive women and 67%(2/3)in hepatitis B e antigen-positive women with a viral load>200000 IU/*** the 48 infants who did not fail immunoprophylaxis,8(16%)became poor responders(anti-HB100 mIU/mL).Factors associated with this failure of immunoprophylaxis were maternal HBV DNA lev

关键词： Hepatitis B surface antigen Infants Hepatitis B immunoglobulin Hepatitis vaccine Djibouti

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Evolution of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission Rate in Mali from 2009 to 2018

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第5期14卷 256-267页

作者： Alou Sanogo Mohamed Ag Baraïka Maïga Aminata Demba Koita Mahamadou Abdou Mamadou Guindo Clémentine N’Diaye Fatoumata Namoudou Traoré Abdoulaye Bagayoko youssouf Diallo Flabou Bougoudogo Ibrehima Guindo National Institute for Public Health Bamako Mali Faculty of Pharmacy (FAPH) University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali University Hospital Center (CHU)-Point G Bamako Mali Faculty of Medecine and Odonto-Stomatology University of Science of Technical and Technology de Bamako Bamako Mali Sector Unit for the Fight against AIDS Tuberculosis and Hepatitis Bamako Mali UNICEF (United Nations Children’ s Fund) Bamako Mali

Despite enormous efforts to achieve the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1, it remains a major challenge for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Mali. Our objective is to assess changes in the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 (10 years) of early diagnosis activity in newborns and children born to HIV-1-positive mothers at the National Institute for Public Health (INSP). The samples came from health and referral centers in mali. All samples were received at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology at the INSP. Proviral DNA extraction was performed from a blood spot sample with a Roche DNA kit, Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 qualitative Test, V2.0 (Roche Molecular System, Inc, USA) following the company procedures. Molecular diagnosis was performed using the same kits using an algorithm of three identical PCRs. The Epi Info version 7 software was used for data analysis with a significance threshold of 5%. A total of 10,714 samples of infants and children born to HIV-positive mothers were analyzed by PCR. Ninety-six percent of mothers were on ARV prophylaxis (AZT 3TC NVP and AZT NVP) and 60% of newborns received the same ARV prophylaxis. Of these children, 956 tested positive with an overall transmission rate of 8.92%, varying between 7.27% in 2009 and 08.01% in 2018. This rate was relatively low among children receiving prophylaxis at 2.04% and remained high for children who received breastfeeding at 5.62%. However, the transmission rate remains low for those who have benefited from mixed and artificial breastfeeding at 1.58% and 1.27% respectively. A significant proportion of children remained infected by their mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding. This study shows the importance of early diagnosis of HIV in children using molecular technology.

关键词： Early Diagnosis Mothers-to-Child Newborns PCR DNA HIV-1

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Profile of Patients with Acute Renal Injury in N’Djamena: About 36 Cases

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2017年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Guillaume Mahamat Abderraman Hamat Ibrahim Moussa Tondi Zeinabou Maiga Tall Ahmed Lemrabott Faye Maria Kossi Akomola Sabi Mahamat youssouf Cisse Mouhamadou Moustapha ka Elhaj Fary ka Niang Abdou Diouf Boucar Hemodialysis Unit H&#244pital Général de Référence Nationale N’Djamena Tchad Medical Department-FSS/Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey Service de Néphrologie et Hémodialyse H&#244pital National Lamordé de Niamey Niamey Niger Nephrology service H&#244pital Aristide Le Dantec de Dakar Dakar Sénégal Nephrology and Hemodialysis Service CHU SO Lomé Lomé Togo

Introduction: The incidence of acute renal injury (AKI) has increased in recent decades. Acute renal failure is defined by the abrupt arrest (within hours or days) of the kidney excretory function. Oliguria (urine output 24h) is presented in about half of the cases. The circumstances of the occurrence of AKI are multiple: surgical, traumatic, obstetric, medical, often obvious. Its prognosis depends on the speed of management and the associated organ failure. The objective of this study is to describe the profile of patients in emergency hemodialysis at the Nephrology Unit of the National Reference General Hospital (HGRN) in N’Djamena, Chad. Methods: This was a multicenter, descriptive study in patients with acute renal failure place over a period of 12 months in the emergency departments of the 2 hospitals in N’Djamena. Defined as carriers of an AKI (RIFLE criteria), patients with: 1) Oliguria: urinary output 400 ml/24h ( 350 μmol/l or decrease of GFR by 75%. Results: Of the 311 patients admitted, 36 cases met the inclusion criteria, a frequency of 11.57%. The mean age was 34.46 years with extremes ranging from 7 to 80 years. The female sex predominated with 52.80% as sex ratio of 0.91. Isolated hypertension was noted with 38.88%. Dyspnea accounted for 41.66% of patients admitted to emergency departments. In our series, 50% of our patients had hyperthermia at admission. Oliguria was observed in 41.70% of the cases. Edema accounted for 33.33% of cases. The AKI with the “failure” criterion was 58.34% (21/36), with the criterion “injury” 25% (9 cases) and the criterion “risk” 16.66 (6 cases). AKI were organic in 83.34% (30/36). It was noted that 14 patients, 38.8% had an infectious syndrome. There were 6 patients who had (16.66%) an obstructive AKI, 5 patients (13.88%) had eclampsia, 4 patients (11.12%) had hepatoce

关键词： Acute Renal Injury Hemodialysis Epidemiology Chad Component Formatting Style Styling

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Epidemiological Profile of Chronic Kidney Disease at the General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena (Chad)

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2016年第3期6卷 78-85页

作者： Ibrahim Hamat Guillaume Mahamat Abderraman Zeinab Maïga Moussa Tondi Mahamat youssouf Mouhammadou Moustapha Cisse Fotclossou Tara Elhaj Fary ka.a.dou Niang Boucar Diouf Nephrology-Hemodialysis Unit General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Service of Nephrology National Hospital of Lamordé of Niamey Niamey Niger Internal medicine Renaissance Hospital of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Service of Nephrology Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Chronic renal failure is a disease that affects many patients worldwide and increasingly in Africa. At the end of 2003, about 1.1 million people were suffering from End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and were treated with periodic dialysis [12]. In Africa, CKF represents 2% to 10% of hospital admissions and is responsible for 4% to 22% of deaths [14]. So, this study is conducted for the first time in Chad, with the aims to determine the prevalence of CKD. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 12 months from April 29, 2011 to April 28, 2012. All patients with chronic renal failure regardless of etiology and stage of chronic kidney disease were included in the study. Chronic renal failure was defined as a glomerular filtration rate below 60 ml/min/1.73m (MDRD) for more than 3 months. This study was conducted in several departments of the National General Reference Hospital (NGRH) of N’Djamena. Result: Among 2039 inpatients, 195 patients had chronic renal failure, as a frequency of 9.6%. The average age of our patients was 51 ± 16.8 years, ranging from 11 to 85 years. Male predominance was noted to be 59% of men against 41% of women. We noted that high blood pressure accounted for 66.2% (N = 129) of cases, diabetes in 48.2% (N = 94), alcoholism in 28.7% (N = 56), smoking in 14.9% (N = 29) and the association alcoholism-smoking in 19.5% (N = 38). Hypertension was the leading cause of chronic renal failure (66.2%). All patients had a serum creatinine and creatinine clearance was assessed. Among them, we noted 57 patients (29%) with end-stage renal failure. The average calcium and phosphate serum were 1.8 mmol/l and 1.6 mmol/l, respectively. We noted that 120 patients as 61.5%, currently took herbal medicine. 48 out of 57 of our patients with ESRD as 24.6% of patients in the study had received replacement therapy (hemodialysis) with 12.5% of deaths. Conclusion: Chad, who compiled the first study with 195 patients at

关键词： Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology N’djamena Chad

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Evaluation of the Frequency of Prolonged Fevers and Exploration of Their Etiologies in the Internal Medicine Department of the Point “G” University Hospital in Bamako from 2009 to 2013

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 97-103页

作者： Abdel kader Traoré Assétou Soukho ka.a.Djenebou Traoré Djibril Sy youssouf Fofana Ibahima Amadou Dembélé Mamadou Saliou Boua Daoud Camara karim Dao Mamadou Cissoko kaly Ké ï ta Barry Boubacar Sangaré Mamadou Mallé Alassane A. Doumbia Nagou Tolo Hadiza A. kaï lou Mamadou Dembélé Hamar Alassane Traoré Deparment of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Point “G” Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine of Children and Mothers Le Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Internal Medicine Service Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the frequency of prolonged fevers and to determine their etiologies. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study extending from the period of 2009 to 2013 in the Internal Medicine department of the “G” Point University Hospital in Bamako. Included were all records of hospitalized patients with a central temperature greater than 37°C in the morning and 37°C in the evening, resting for 15 minutes, fasting for more than 2 hours, and absence of antipyretic treatment. We include all the patients of the study period with fever greater than 37.5°C in the morning and 37.8°C in the evening, resting for 15 minutes, fasting for more than 2 hours, and absence of antipyretic treatment, which have more than 21 days and measured on several occasions. The data were collected on a survey sheet. Data entry and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: We recorded 243 fever cases out of 2155 hospitalizations, a prevalence rate of 11.2%. There were 128 men and 115 women with an average age of 43 years (range, 15 to 84 years), a modal class of 37 to 47 years, and a sex ratio of 1.11. The infectious etiologies accounted for 81% followed by neoplastic causes 09.6% and inflammatory 01.2% of cases. HIV infection was found in 26.4% of patients, malaria 13.5% and urinary tract infections 10.2%). Gram negative bacilli 88% consisted mainly of Escherichia coli (56%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%).

关键词： Fever Acute Prolonged Fevers Frequency Etiologies Internal Medicine Mali

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Clinic Evaluation of Heart Failure of Old People in the Department of Internal Medicine of Point G University Hospital from 2008 to 2012

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2019年第3期9卷 83-88页

作者： Assétou Soukho ka.a.Abdel kader Traoré Djibril Sy Djenebou Traoré Ilo Diall youssouf Fofana Ibahima Amadou Dembélé Boua Daoud Camara Mamadou Saliou karim Dao Mamadou Cissoko kaly Kéï ta Barry Boubacar Sangaré Mamadou Mallé Alassane A. Doumbia Hadiza A. kaï lou Mamadou Dembélé Hamar Alassane Traoré Department of Internal Medicine Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Cardiac Disease Point G University Hospital Bamako Mali Department of Internal Medicine of Children and Mothers Le Luxembourg University Hospital Bamako Mali Internal Medicine Service Nianankoro Fomba Hospital Ségou Mali

Justification: Heart failure (HF) is the evolutionary end of all cardiac diseases. Given the aging population, the rate of incidence is increasing among the elderly. Objectives: The study aims to determine the prevalence of heart failure in the elderly;to describe the clinical aspects;describe etiologies;describe the therapeutic aspects;and describe the evolution of heart failure among the elderly. Method: This was a retrospective study over five years on the operating records of patients hospitalized in the internal medicine department of Hospital Point G. Result: The study included records of 22 elderly patients who were with heart failure of a total of 595 patients hospitalized from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2012. The prevalence rate was 3.7%, and the average age was 67 ± 7.79 years. The sex ratio was equal to 1. HTA accounted for the cardiovascular risk factors in 77.3%. 72.7% of patients had the symptom of dyspnea and 95.5% of patients had the symptom of IMO. According to the cardiac ultrasound, dilation of the OG represented 68.2% of cases, followed by impaired LVEF (63.6%). The etiologies of IC were represented by dilated cardiomyopathy (95.5%), followed by 13.6% in cardiothyreosis. Drug treatment was dominated by the use of diuretics, ACE inhibitors and sodium diet respectively 95.5%;81.8% and 45.5% of cases. The clinical outcome was favorable in 73%. We recorded four (4) cases of death, which accounted for 18% of patients.

关键词： Heart Failure Clinic Etiology Therapeutics The Elder

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