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The Twin Bambili Maars (Bamenda Mountains, Cameroon Volcanic Line): Simulative Model of Formation

Open Journal of Geology 2017年第4期7卷 443-456页

作者： Wotchoko Pierre Takojio Nguemo Rose Eugenie Kouankap Nono Gus Djibril guedjeo christian suh Nkouathio David Guimollaire Bobga Stanley Babila Chenyi Marie-Louise Vohnyui Tchokona Seuwi dieudonne suh Emmanuel Cheo Department of Geology Higher Teacher Training College University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Institut de Recherche Géologique et Minière Laboratoire de Traitement des Minerais Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of Geology and Environmental Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

The Bambili maars are twin contemporaneous maars embedded in trachytic rocks. The two maars are separated by a low lying inter-Maar dome whose inner walls dip towards the Southern Maar. The Bambili Northern Maar (BNM) contains water and its floor is found at an altitude lower than the Bambili Southern Maar (BSM) (50 m) which is swampy and drains into the BNM. Both maars have very steep vertical walls. Three different units are identified in the area. Unit 1 is 1 m thick sequence, characterize by the presence of matrix supported fine-grained fallouts (ash and lapilli size) with stratified diffused bedding planes. This unit is further subdivided into three different layers: L1, L2 and L3 from bottom to top with increasing sizes of particles respectively. This layer shows reverser grading and its grain sizes rarely exceed 2 cm and this unit shows no depositional structures. Unit 2 is an unstratified unit predominantly made up of tephra deposits. Within these deposits are found blocks of sizes ranging between 2 and 10 cm of different petrographic types. They include scoria, basalts, trachyte, and granite cognate. The last unit, Unit 3 is distinctly stratified characterized by well sorted, heterolithologic, graded bedding layers which are matrix supported. Base on the composition and grain sizes, this unit was subdivided into 7 horizons: h1 - h7. Within this unit, two sequences of deposits are distinguished: U1 and U2. Both sequences are characterized by alternation of lapilli and tuff beds. The clast comprises of juvenile materials, mudstone which are highly vesicular and altered rock fragments. Other products identified within the area are ferolithic volcanic bombs (5 - 20 cm), xenocrystals (2 - 4 cm) within finer deposits. They are elongated and show visible twinned planes. Explosion breccias are equally identified occurring as bolders. Along the inner walls of the maars are also found large basaltic and trachytic blocks which are remnants of pre-maar unit within maar

关键词： Maar Bambili Dynamisms Model

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Variation in Total Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Relation to Some Land Use Systems in the Bamenda Highlands, Cameroon

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第9期9卷 150-165页

作者： christian Tegha Kum Aaron suh Tening Martin Ngwabie Cornelius Tsamo Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Climate change and food security are among the pressing challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. Soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks, total nitrogen (TN), texture, and bulk density (BD) are important soil properties, which control climate change. Three land use systems (smallholder farmlands, grazing lands, and forest lands) that coexist in the Bamenda Highlands (BH) influence ecosystem services and induce soil degradation with the loss of SOC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of SOC and some soil physicochemical properties as affected by the three land use systems (LUS). A total of 21 composite soil samples collected from 7 microclimatic zones of BH following “S” shape plots to the depth of 0 - 30 cm, were analysed for moisture content (MC), SOC, TN, BD, available phosphorus (Av.P), pH and texture. The results revealed that grazing land had the lowest mean sand content (40.79 ± 4.07). Mean MC, TN and SOC (%) content were significantly higher (p in forest land than those in the grazing land and smallholder farmlands. Conversely, BD and Av.P were significantly higher

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A High-Accuracy Finite Difference Scheme for Solving Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Problems with a Small Diffusivity

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2014年第5期6卷 637-662页

作者： Po-Wen Hsieh suh-Yuh Yang Cheng-Shu You Department of Applied Mathematics Chung Yuan Christian UniversityJhongli CityTaoyuan County 32023Taiwan Department of Mathematics National Central UniversityJhongli CityTaoyuan County 32001Taiwan

This paper is devoted to a new high-accuracy finite difference scheme for solving reaction-convection-diffusion problems with a small diffusivityε.With a novel treatment for the reaction term,we first derive a difference scheme of accuracy O(ε^(2)h+εh^(2)+h^(3))for the 1-D *** the alternating direction technique,we then extend the scheme to the 2-D case on a nine-point *** apply the high-accuracy finite difference scheme to solve the 2-D steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the stream function-vorticity *** examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed difference *** made with some high-order compact difference schemes show that the newly proposed scheme can achieve good accuracy with a better stability。

关键词： Reaction-convection-diffusion equation incompressible Navier-Stokes equations boundary layer interior layer finite difference scheme

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CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes ameliorate acute skin inflammation in an ear edema model via effective CO delivery

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2020年第12期10卷 2362-2373,2440页

作者： Gwan-Yeong Lee Alam Zeb Eun-Hye Kim Beomseon suh Young-Jun Shin Donghyun Kim Kyoung-Won Kim Yeong-Hwan Choe Ho-Ik Choi Cheol-Ho Lee Omer Salman Qureshi In-Bo Han Sun-Young Chang Ok-Nam Bae Jin-Ki Kim College of Pharmacy Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyHanyang UniversityAnsan 15588Republic of Korea Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Riphah International UniversityIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Forman Christian CollegeLahore 54600Pakistan Department of Neurosurgery CHA Bundang Medical CenterSchool of MedicineCHA UniversitySeongnam 13496Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Ajou UniversitySuwon 16499Republic of Korea

The short release half-life of carbon monoxide(CO)is a major obstacle to the effective therapeutic use of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2(CORM-2).The potential of CORM-2-entrapped ultradeformable liposomes(CORM-2-UDLs)to enhance the release half-life of CO and alleviate skin inflammation was investigated in the present ***-2-UDLs were prepared by using soy phosphatidylcholine to form lipid bilayers and Tween 80 as an edge *** deformability of CORM-2-UDLs was measured and compared with that of conventional liposomes by passing formulations through a filter device at a constant *** release profile of CO from CORM-2-UDLs was evaluated by myoglobin *** vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of CORM-2-UDLs were assessed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and TPA-induced ear edema model,*** deformability of the optimized CORM-2-UDLs was 2.3 times higher than conventional ***-2-UDLs significantly prolonged the release half-life of CO from 30 s in a CORM-2 solution to 21.6 ***-2-UDLs demonstrated in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing nitrite production and pro-inflammatory cytokine ***,CORM-2-UDLs successfully ameliorated skin inflammation by reducing ear edema,pathological scores,neutrophil accumulation,and inflammatory cytokines *** results demonstrate that CORM-2-UDLs could be used as promising therapeutics against acute skin inflammation.

关键词： Carbon monoxide CORM-2 Anti-inflammatory effect Ultradeformable liposomes Skin inflammation Ear edema

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Phase Ⅱ study of R-CVP followed by rituximab maintenance therapy for patients with advanced marginal zone lymphoma:consortium for improving survival of lymphoma(CISL)study

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Cancer Communications 2019年第1期39卷 526-535页

作者： Sung Yong Oh Won Seog Kim Jin Seok Kim Seok Jin Kim Dok Hyun Yoon Deok-Hwan Yang Won Sik Lee Hyo Jung Kim Ho-Young Yhim Seong Hyun Jeong Jong Ho Won Suee Lee Jee Hyun Kong Sung-Nam Lim Jun Ho Ji Kyung A.Kwon Gyeong-Won Lee Jae Hoon Lee Ho Sup Lee Ho-Jin Shin Cheolwon suh Department of Internal Medicine Dong-A University HospitalBusan 49201Republic of Korea Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Republic of Korea Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Oncology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSongpa-guSeoul 05505Republic of Korea Department of Hematology-Oncology Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasun 58128Republic of Korea Department of Hematology Busan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 04511Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineAnyang 14068Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907Republic of Korea Department of Hematology-Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoul 04401Republic of Korea Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of Internal MedicineWonju Severance Christian HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineWonju 26426Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 48108Republic of Korea Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineSamsung Changwon HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineChangwon 51353Republic of Korea Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of Internal MedicineDongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesBusan 46033Republic of Korea Division of Hematology-Oncology Department of Internal MedicineGyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University College of MedicineJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Gachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheon 21565Republic of

Background:The response rate and survival improvement for rituximab,a CD20-targeting monoclonal antibody,have been demonstrated in marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens,yet relapses still occur despite treatment ***,extending the period of remission in MZL patients remains an essential *** multicenter,single-arm,open-label phase II study evaluated the survival efficacy of 2 years of rituximab-maintenance therapy in patients with stage III-IV CD20-positive MZL who had responded to first-line R-CVP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,vincristine,and prednisolone).The objective of this study was to determine whether rituximab maintenance following R-CVP warrants further ***:Prior to rituximab-maintenance therapy,patients received 6-8 cycles of first-line R-CVP therapy for stage III-IV ***(375 mg/m^(2)),cyclophosphamide(750 mg/m^(2)),and vincristine(1.4 mg/m^(2);maximum 2 mg)were administered via an intravenous infusion on day 1 of each 3-week cycle,while oral prednisolone(100 mg)was given on days 1-5 of each 3-week *** patients who achieved complete response(CR),partial response(PR),or stable disease(SD)to R-CVP treatment,were prescribed rituximab-maintenance therapy which was administered intravenously at a dose of 375 mg/m^(2) every 8 weeks for up to 12 *** primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).Secondary endpoints were overall survival(OS)and treatment ***:47 patients were enrolled,of whom,45(96%)received rituximab-maintenance ***(33%)patients had nodal *** R-CVP first-line therapy,20(44%),22(49%),and 3(7%)patients achieved CR,PR,and SD,*** a median follow-up of 38.2 months,their observed 3-year PFS rate was 81%.During the rituximab-maintenance,6 PR and 1 SD patients achieved CR following the administration of *** LDH and the presence of B symptoms were found to be significant prognostic fac

关键词： Marginal zone Lymphoma Advanced stage Rituximab Cyclophosphamide Vincristine Maintenance Multicenter Open label Survival

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边缘区淋巴瘤晚期患者R-CVP后利妥昔单抗维持治疗的Ⅱ期研究:一项改善淋巴瘤生存协会(CISL)的研究

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癌症 2020年第3期39卷 118-128页

作者： Sung Yong Oh Won Seog Kim Jin Seok Kim Seok Jin Kim Dok Hyun Yoon Deok‑Hwan Yang Won Sik Lee Hyo Jung Kim Ho‑Young Yhim Seong Hyun Jeong Jong Ho Won Suee Lee Jee Hyun Kong Sung‑Nam Lim Jun Ho Ji Kyung A.Kwon Gyeong‑Won Lee Jae Hoon Lee Ho Sup Lee Ho‑Jin Shin Cheolwon suh Department of Internal Medicine Dong-A University HospitalBusan 49201Republic of Korea Department of Medicine Samsung Medical CenterSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul 06351Republic of Korea Division of Hematology Department of Internal MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Oncology Asan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSongpa‑guSeoul 05505Republic of Korea Department of Hematology‑Oncology Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasun 58128Republic of Korea Department of Hematology Busan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 04511Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Sacred Heart HospitalHallym University College of MedicineAnyang 14068Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Chonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907Republic of Korea Department of Hematology‑Oncology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwon 16499Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University Seoul HospitalSoonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoul 04401Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineWonju Severance Christian HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineWonju 26426Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Haeundae Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineBusan 48108Republic of Korea Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineSamsung Changwon HospitalSungkyunkwan University School of MedicineChangwon 51353Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineDongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical SciencesBusan 46033Republic of Korea Division of Hematology‑Oncology Department of Internal MedicineGyeongsang National University HospitalGyeongsang National University College of MedicineJinju 52727Republic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Gachon University Gil Medical CenterIncheon 21565Republic of

背景与目的利妥昔单抗是一种靶向CD20的单克隆抗体,在治疗边缘区淋巴瘤(marginal zone lymphoma,MZL)中可以单药或联合化疗使用,可提高缓解率和生存率,但治疗后仍可能会复发。因此,仍需探索如何延长MZL患者的缓解期的治疗方案。这项多... 详细信息

背景与目的利妥昔单抗是一种靶向CD20的单克隆抗体,在治疗边缘区淋巴瘤(marginal zone lymphoma,MZL)中可以单药或联合化疗使用,可提高缓解率和生存率,但治疗后仍可能会复发。因此,仍需探索如何延长MZL患者的缓解期的治疗方案。这项多中心、单臂、开放标签的Ⅱ期研究评估了对一线R-CVP(rituximab,cyclophosphamide,vincristine,and prednisolone;利妥昔单抗、环磷酰胺、长春新碱和泼尼松龙)治疗有反应的Ⅲ–Ⅳ期CD20阳性MZL患者进行利妥昔单抗维持治疗2年的生存率。本研究旨在明确R-CVP后利妥昔单抗维持治疗的策略是否有进一步研究的价值。方法在利妥昔单抗维持治疗之前,Ⅲ–Ⅳ期MZL患者应接受6–8周期的R-CVP一线治疗。每个周期为3周,第1 d静脉输注利妥昔单抗(375 mg/m^2)、环磷酰胺(750 mg/m^2)和长春新碱(1.4 mg/m^2;最大2 mg),第1–5 d口服泼尼松龙(100 mg)。对R-CVP治疗达到完全缓解(complete response,CR)、部分缓解(part response,PR)或疾病稳定(stable response,SD)的患者进行利妥昔单抗维持治疗,每8周静脉注射利妥昔单抗375mg/m^2,直到12个周期。主要终点为无进展生存期(progression-free surviva,PFS),次要终点为总生存期(overall survival,OS)和治疗安全性。结果共纳入47例患者,其中45(96%)例接受了利妥昔单抗维持治疗。15(33%)例患者有淋巴结MZL。在进行R-CVP一线治疗后,分别有20(44%)例、22(49%)例和3(7%)例的患者达到了CR、PR和SD。中位随访38.2个月后,患者的3年PFS率为81%。在利妥昔单抗维持治疗期间,R-CVP治疗后有6例PR和1例SD患者获得CR。LDH升高和B症状是PFS的重要预后因素(P=0.003),3年OS率为90%。利妥昔单抗维持治疗的耐受性良好,常见的治疗性不良事件为感觉性神经病(18%)、肌痛(13%)、疲劳(9%)和中性粒细胞减少(9%)。结论一线R-CVP治疗后利妥昔单抗维持治疗在Ⅲ–Ⅳ期MZL患者中不仅表现出较好的PFS,而且药物毒性反应评价良好。

关键词：边缘区淋巴瘤晚期利妥昔单抗环磷酰胺长春新碱维持多中心开放标签生存

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