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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第7期41卷 1281-1288页

作者： Gang HUANG Ya WANG Yoo-Geun HAM Bin MU Weichen TAO chaoyang XIE State key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Environmental Planning Graduate School of Environmental StudiesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea School of Software Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Artificial intelligence(AI)models have significantly impacted various areas of the atmospheric sciences,reshaping our approach to climate-related *** this AI-driven transformation,the foundational role of physics in climate science has occasionally been *** perspective suggests that the future of climate modeling involves a synergistic partnership between AI and physics,rather than an“either/or”*** controversies around current physical inconsistencies in large AI models,we stress the critical need for detailed dynamic diagnostics and physical ***,we provide illustrative examples to guide future assessments and constraints for AI *** AI integration with numerical models,we argue that offline AI parameterization schemes may fall short of achieving global optimality,emphasizing the importance of constructing online ***,we highlight the significance of fostering a community culture and propose the OCR(Open,Comparable,Reproducible)*** a better community culture and a deep integration of physics and AI,we contend that developing a learnable climate model,balancing AI and physics,is an achievable goal.

关键词： artificial intelligence deep learning learnable climate model

PCAF-mediated acetylation of METTL3 impairs mRNA translation efficiency in response to oxidative stress

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 2157-2168页

作者： Cheng Liu Miao Yu Mengyuan Wang Siyuan Yang Yenan Fu Lei Zhang chaoyang Zhu Hongquan Zhang Program for Cancer and Cell Biology Department of Human AnatomyHistology and EmbryologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesPeking University International Cancer Instituteand State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Department of General Surgery and Urological Surgery Huaihe HospitalHenan UniversityKaifeng 100084China Department of Human Anatomy Histologyand EmbryologyShenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen 518055China

METTL3 methylates RNA and regulates the fate of mRNA through its methyltransferase ***3 enhances RNA translation independently of its catalytic ***,the underlying mechanism is still ***,we report that METTL3 is both interacted with and acetylated at lysine 177 by the acetyltransferase PCAF and deacetylated by *** the methyltransferase activity nor the stability of METTL3 is affected by its acetylation at ***,acetylation of METTL3 blocks its interaction with EIF3H,a subunit of the translation initiation factor,thereby reducing mRNA translation ***,acetylation of METTL3 responds to oxidative ***,oxidative stress enhances the interaction of PCAF with METTL3,increases METTL3 acetylation,and suppresses the interaction of METTL3 with EIF3H,thereby decreasing the translation efficiency of ribosomes and inhibiting cell ***,we suggest a mechanism by which oxidative stress regulates RNA translation efficiency by the modulation of METTL3 acetylation mediated by PCAF.

关键词： METTL3 acetylation PCAF m^(6)A oxidative stress translation SIRT3

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Underestimated benefits of NO_(x) control in reducing SNA and O_(3) based on missing heterogeneous HONO sources

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 57-67页

作者： Shuping Zhang Haotian Zheng Jun Liu Yao Shi Tianzeng Chen chaoyang Xue Fenfen Zhang Yueqi Jiang Xiangping Zhang Shovan Kumar Sahu Biwu Chu Jia Xing State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China China Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology Beijing 100028China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research Zhengzhou 450003China Centre for Climate Research Singapore Meteorological Service SingaporeSingapore 537054Singapore

Substantial NO_(x) emission mitigation is crucial for the synergistic reduction of particulate matter and ozone(O_(3))pollution in *** traditional air quality model does not consider heterogeneous HONO chemistry,leading to uncertainties in estimating the benefits of NO_(x) *** studies have shown that the parameterization of heterogeneous HONO formation increases both the simulated value of sulfate–nitrate–ammonium(SNA)and that of O_(3),thus adding the heterogeneous reactions of HONO into air quality models inevitably leads to changes in the estimated benefits of NO_(x) *** we investigated the changes in SNA and O_(3)concentrations from NO_(x) emission reduction before and after adding heterogeneous HONO reactions in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ)*** heterogeneous HONO reactions in the simulation improved the benefits of NO_(x) reduction in terms of SNA control in *** 80%NO_(x) reduction,the reduction in SNA increased from 36.9%without considering heterogeneous HONO reactions to 42.8%with heterogeneous HONO *** reduction in the maximum daily 8h average(MDA8)O_(3)in summer caused by NO_(x) reduction increased slightly from 4.7%to 5.2%after adding heterogeneous HONO *** results in this study highlight the enhanced effectiveness of NO_(x) controls for the reduction of SNA and O_(3)after considering heterogeneous HONO formation in a complex chemical ambient,demonstrating the importance of NO_(x) controls in reducing PM2.5 and O_(3)pollution in China.

关键词： Heterogeneous HONO NO_(x) reduction PM_(2.5) O_(3)

A study on wildfire impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and regional air quality in South of Orléans,France

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： chaoyang Xue Gisèle Krysztofiak Yangang Ren Min Cai Patrick Mercier Frédéric Le Fur Corinne Robin Benoit Grosselin Véronique Daele Max RMcGillen Yujing Mu Valéry Catoire Abdelwahid Mellouki Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France Institut de Combustion AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Lig’Air-Association de surveillance de la qualitéde l’air en région Centre-Val de Loire Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed V University RabatMorocco

Wildfire events are increasing globally which may be partly associated with climate change,resulting in significant adverse impacts on local,regional air quality and global *** September 2020,a small wildfire(burned area:36.3 ha)event occurred in Souesmes(Loiret-Cher,Sologne,France),and its plume spread out over 200 km on the following day as observed by the MODIS *** on measurements at a suburban site(~50 km northwest of the fire location)in Orléans and backward trajectory analysis,young wildfire plumes were *** increases in gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,VOCs,etc.)and particles(including black carbon)were found within the wildfire plumes,leading to a reduced air *** factors,defined as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target species),of various trace gases and black carbon within the young wildfire plumes were determined accordingly and compared with previous *** in the ambient ions(such as ammonium,sulfate,nitrate,chloride,and nitrite in the particle-and gasphase)and aerosol properties(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quantified and ***,we estimated the total carbon and climate-related species(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emissions and compared them with fire emission *** biomass burning emission inventories have uncertainties in estimating small fire burned areas and *** instance,we found that the Global Fire Assimilation System(GFAS)may underestimate emissions(e.g.,CO)of this small wildfire while other inventories(GFED and FINN)showed significant *** that it is the first time to record wildfire plumes in this region,related atmospheric implications are presented and discussed.

关键词： Wildfire Air quality Emission factor Emission inventory VOLTAIRE supersite

Specifications and control of spatial frequency errors of components in two-beam laser static holographic exposure for pulse compression grating fabrication

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Chen Hu Songlin Wan Guochang Jiang Haojin Gu Yibin Zhang Yunxia Jin Shijie Liu Chengqiang Zhao Hongchao Cao chaoyang Wei Jianda Shao Precision Optical Manufacturing and Testing Center Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)ShanghaiChina Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsCASShanghaiChina Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouChina China-Russian Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Laser Science ShanghaiChina

The large-aperture pulse compression grating(PCG) is a critical component in generating an ultra-high-intensity, ultra-short-pulse laser;however, the size of the PCG manufactured by transmission holographic exposure is limited to large-scale high-quality materials. The reflective method is a potential way for solving the size limitation, but there is still no successful precedent due to the lack of scientific specifications and advanced processing technology of exposure mirrors. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to clarify the specifications of components, and advanced processing technology is adopted to control the spatial frequency errors. Hereafter, we have successfully fabricated a multilayer dielectric grating of 200 mm × 150 mm by using an off-axis reflective exposure system with Φ300 mm. This demonstration proves that PCGs can be manufactured by using the reflection holographic exposure method and shows the potential for manufacturing the meter-level gratings used in 100 petawatt class high-power lasers.

关键词： high-power laser off-axis reflective exposure system pulse compression grating spatial frequency errors specifications

Endothelial phosphodiesterase 4B inactivation ameliorates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and pulmonary hypertension

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第4期14卷 1726-1741页

作者： Yanjiang Xing Yangfeng Hou Tianfei Fan Ran Gao Xiaohang Feng Bolun Li Junling Pang Wenjun Guo Ting Shu Jinqiu Li Jie Yang Qilong Mao Ya Luo Xianmei Qi Peiran Yang chaoyang Liang Hongmei Zhao Wenhui Chen Jing Wang Chen Wang State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Lung Transplantation National Center for Respiratory MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseasesChina–Japan Friendship HospitalInstitute of Respiratory MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100029China Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300051China The State Key Laboratory of Complex Severeand Rare DiseasesInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of PathophysiologyPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Pharmacy West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610044China

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disorder characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and obstruction. The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family hydrolyzes cyclic AMP (cAMP) and is comprised of four subtypes (PDE4A–D). Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of pan-PDE4 inhibitors in rodent PH;however, this class of drugs is associated with side effects owing to the broad inhibition of all four PDE4 isozymes. Here, we demonstrate that PDE4B is the predominant PDE isozyme in lungs and that it was upregulated in rodent and human PH lung tissues. We also confirmed that PDE4B is mainly expressed in the lung endothelial cells (ECs). Evaluation of PH in Pde4b wild type and knockout mice confirmed that Pde4b is important for the vascular remodeling associated with PH. In vivo EC lineage tracing demonstrated that Pde4b induces PH development by driving endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and mechanistic studies showed that Pde4b regulates EndMT by antagonizing the cAMP-dependent PKA–CREB–BMPRII axis. Finally, treating PH rats with a PDE4B-specific inhibitor validated that PDE4B inhibition has a significant pharmacological effect in the alleviation of PH. Collectively, our findings indicate a critical role for PDE4B in EndMT and PH, prompting further studies of PDE4B-specific inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for PH.

关键词： Phosphodiesterase 4B Pulmonary hypertension Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ni-Cr Alloy Laser Cladding Layer with High Cr Content

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稀有金属材料与工程 2024年第9期53卷 2438-2445页

作者： Pan chaoyang Liu Zongde Shen Yue Lu Xinjie Mao Jie Wang Xinyu Li Jiaxuan Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System Ministry of EducationNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China

Four kinds of Ni-xCr alloy laser cladding layers(x=20,40,60 and 80,wt%)were prepared by high-speed laser cladding technique,and the relationship between microstructure and wear resistance of Ni-Cr alloy laser cladding layers with different Cr contents was *** results show that the four Ni-Cr alloy laser cladding layers all have reticulated dendritic *** them,Ni-20Cr and Ni-40Cr are single-phaseγ-(Ni,Cr)solid solutions,and their wear mechanisms are adhesive wear and abrasive *** the increase in Cr content,Ni-60Cr and Ni-80Cr areγ-(Ni,Cr)phase and Cr phase,as well as Cr-rich precipitates,and their wear mechanisms are adhesive wear,abrasive wear and fatigue wear.A moderate increase in Cr content can enhance the hardness and wear resistance of Ni-Cr alloy laser cladding ***,excessive addition of Cr results in the precipitation of Cr-rich *** hardness of these precipitates is 2430.4 MPa,which is lower than the hardness of the Ni-60Cr matrix(4024.86 MPa)and Ni-80Cr matrix(7022.68 MPa).A hardness transition zone exists between the Cr-rich precipitates and the *** are likely to initiate and expand in this zone,leading to deep spalling,which is not conducive to the wear-resistant properties of the laser cladding ***-80Cr has the highest hardness,but its high Cr content leads to a large number of penetrating cracks and Cr-rich precipitates on the surface,ultimately resulting in the worst wear ***-60Cr exhibits the best wear resistance due to its high hardness and dense microstructure.

关键词： Ni-Cr alloy laser cladding Cr-rich precipitate wear resistance

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湿地监测背景下的语义虚拟地理环境初探

遥感学报 2024年第5期28卷 1350-1363页

作者：肖昕陈浩徐丙立方朝阳林珲江西师范大学地理与环境学院鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室南昌330022 陆军装甲兵学院信息通信系北京100072

作为新一代的地理分析工具,丰富的地理空间大数据为虚拟地理环境的发展带来了前所未有的契机。然而,伴随数据获取的逐渐便捷,虚拟地理环境普遍存在“可视”而“不智”的问题,还远未达到对现实地理环境可计算、可管理、可决策的需求。提... 详细信息

作为新一代的地理分析工具,丰富的地理空间大数据为虚拟地理环境的发展带来了前所未有的契机。然而,伴随数据获取的逐渐便捷,虚拟地理环境普遍存在“可视”而“不智”的问题,还远未达到对现实地理环境可计算、可管理、可决策的需求。提高虚拟地理环境中数据的语义互操作性是解决该问题的关键。本研究首先提出了具有知识驱动、语义协同和结构统一等特点语义虚拟地理环境。然后阐述了语义虚拟地理环境可以利用知识图谱作为现实地理环境的形式表达,通过集成实时的感知数据,以及虚实之间的交互数据信息,形成现实地理环境在虚拟空间的映射。最后本文以湿地监测为例,基于知识图谱构建语义虚拟地理环境,通过湿地监测本体实现多要素、多源异构、多时空尺度的湿地监测数据语义整合,以直观的方式刻画复杂的湿地生态系统。利用关联的监测数据之间构建的丰富语义关系,实现湿地虚拟地理环境的知识化搜索和语义推理,从而为湿地的综合信息化管理决策提供支持。

关键词：遥感虚拟地理环境语义虚拟地理环境知识图谱本体湿地监测

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中国典型复杂地形风能资源特性及其形成机制

太阳能学报 2024年第4期45卷 226-237页

作者：朱蓉向洋孙朝阳常蕊国家气候中心北京100081

为提高对复杂地形风资源特性及其形成机制的认识,改进复杂地形风场数值模拟方法,分别选取代表极大起伏山地与宽谷地形的藏南谷地、代表极大起伏山地与深谷地形的横断山区以及代表中、小起伏丘陵山地的山西高原开展风资源特性观测实验,... 详细信息

为提高对复杂地形风资源特性及其形成机制的认识,改进复杂地形风场数值模拟方法,分别选取代表极大起伏山地与宽谷地形的藏南谷地、代表极大起伏山地与深谷地形的横断山区以及代表中、小起伏丘陵山地的山西高原开展风资源特性观测实验,分析不同典型复杂地形条件下天气背景风场、局地大气环流、地形动力强迫、地表摩擦与热力作用对风资源特性形成的贡献,结果表明:山西高原局地大气环流的作用较小;藏南谷地和横断山区的山谷风环流对其风能资源特性的形成起主要作用,尤其是横断山区还存在多尺度的局地大气环流,传统的风电场风资源CFD数值模拟不足以描述如此复杂的风场。因此,在局地大气环流作用明显的复杂地形地区,需要采用中尺度与CFD结合的风电场选址风资源数值模拟方法。

关键词：风电场复杂地形激光雷达声雷达数值模拟山谷风环流